• Whether laparoscopic simulators truly affect real time performance in the operating room among Gynecology residents [ Time Frame: Over the course of one resident rotation (4-6 weeks) ]
  

• Determine if the level of improvement is inversely related to resident level of training. [ Time Frame: Over the course of one resident rotation (4-6 weeks) ]
  
• Calculate receiver operator curves to aid in the establishment of a "passing score" threshold on the validated laparoscopic simulators [ Time Frame: Over the course of one resident rotation (4-6 weeks) ]
  
• Establish whether psychomotor testing predicts surgical proficiency and helps identify those who may need more intensive training over the course of their education. [ Time Frame: Over the course of one resident rotation (4-6 weeks) ]
  

We have designed a randomized control trial to assess the impact of a laparoscopic simulator curriculum on operating room performance amongst gynecology residents. At the beginning of the study, each resident that chooses to participate will take a multiple choice pre-test assessing his or her background knowledge of laparoscopic surgical principles. Everyone will then listen to a series of lectures / video demonstrations teaching the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery. The final part of the orientation is to have each resident perform 5 tasks on the laparoscopic simulators (peg transfer, endoloop, pattern cutting, intracorporeal suturing, and extracorporeal suturing) while being proctored by a faculty member who is timing the task and recording any errors made. Each resident will have 2 proctored performances (pre- and post) on the simulator and it will be set up as a typical OSCE-type exam. We chose to have them perform 2 repetitions as opposed to the usual 1 (like on the MCAT, SAT, or other high stake exam) to allow for potential unfamiliarity with the simulator equipment.

The residents will then perform a laparoscopic tubal ligation with a faculty member when they begin their Benign Gynecology rotation. Each resident will subsequently be randomized either traditional teaching (no simulator) or five 30-minute faculty-directed sessions at the Laparoscopic Simulator Lab. Those randomized to simulation training can practice and perform as many repetitions necessary on the simulator to achieve proficiency. Prior to completing the rotation, the residents will perform another laparoscopic tubal ligation with a faculty member blinded to whether they randomized to simulator training to re-assess their technical skills. The resident will have another proctored examination of simulator performance on the five tasks. Finally, a videotape review by independent observers will verify precision of the surgical evaluations at the conclusion of the study.