75 subjects randomised into the placebo arm of an ongoing randomised double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial at National University Hospital, Singapore.

For Indonesia Cohort, the expecting mothers visiting at the well mother clinics at Gadjah Mada University Hospital were invited to participate in the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pre-delivery evaluation

  • Either parent or sibling (ie first degree relative) has a history of atopy. This will be evidenced by a doctor-diagnosis of asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema AND a positive skin prick test/specific IgE test to any of a panel of common allergens.
  • Parents agree to the child's participation in the study and sign the Informed Consent.
  • The subject and the parents are willing to comply with procedures and both child and parents are able to keep to scheduled clinic visits.
  • Both parents are at contactable range (with valid mobile or land line numbers) for study team to arrange and schedule clinic visits and complete telephone interviews.

Post-delivery evaluation

• The subject is born full term (at least 37 weeks gestation).
• The subject does not have major congenital malformations/major illness as judged by the doctor.
• The subject is in otherwise good, stable health on the basis of medical history, physical examination.
• Family appears to be able to successfully complete this study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The parent is, in the opinion of the investigator, mentally or legally incapacitated, preventing informed consent from being obtained.
• The parent is unable/ unwilling to comply with procedures.