Kadian| (Other name for: morphine sulfate) |
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karenitecin| A synthetic silicon-containing agent related to camptothecin with antineoplastic properties. Karenitecin stabilizes the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA, resulting in DNA breaks and consequently triggering apoptosis. Because it is lipophilic, karenitecin exhibits enhanced tissue penetration and bio-availability compared to water-soluble camptothecins. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Keflex| (Other name for: cephalexin) |
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Keoxifene| (Other name for: raloxifene) |
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Kepivance| (Other name for: palifermin) |
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Keppra| (Other name for: levetiracetam) |
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ketamine hydrochloride| The hydrochloride salt of a synthetic derivative of cyclohexanone with analgesic and anesthetic activities. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and may interact with opiod mu receptors and sigma receptors, thereby reducing pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ketamine/amitriptyline NP-H cream| A topical preparation containing the antidepressant amitriptyline and the excitatory amino acid antagonist ketamine with potential topical analgesic activity. In addition to activating adenosine A1 receptors and inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, amitriptyline produces antinociceptive effects, which appear to be mediated through the modulation of multiple subtypes of glutamate receptors including the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Ketamine inhibits biogenic amine uptake, agonistically binds to mu-opioid receptors, and inhibits NMDA receptors. NDMA receptor antagonists such as amitryptiline and ketamine interfere with the role of NMDA receptors in the process of central sensitization in which NMDA receptors on spinal dorsal horn neurons are activated, resulting in an increase in synaptic efficacy and so an amplification of the response to sensory input.
Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ketoconazole| A synthetic derivative of phenylpiperazine with broad antifungal properties and potential antineoplastic activity. Ketoconazole inhibits sterol 14-a-dimethylase, a microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme, thereby disrupting synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of the fungal cell wall. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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ketorolac| A synthetic pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Ketorolac non-selective inhibits the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and COX-2. The inhibition of COX-2, up-regulated at sites of inflammation, prevents conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. The inhibition of COX-1 by this agent prevents the normal steady-state production of prostaglandins that play housekeeping roles in the protection of the gastrointestinal tract, the regulation of renal blood flow, and platelet aggregation. As a result, the inhibition of COX-1 may be associated with gastrointestinal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and the inhibition of platelet aggregation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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keyhole limpet hemocyanin| A natural protein isolated from the marine mollusc keyhole limpet. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is an immunogenic carrier protein that, in vivo, increases antigenic immune responses to haptens and other weak antigens such as idiotype proteins. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Kineret| (Other name for: anakinra) |
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KLH-FITC| A conjugate consisting of keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) with potential immunostimulating activity. Vaccination with KLH-FITC may elicit an immune response against fluorescein and the production of anti-fluorescein IgG antibodies. KLH, a natural protein isolated from the marine mollusk keyhole limpet, is an immunostimulant carrier protein. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Komed HC| (Other name for: therapeutic hydrocortisone) |
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KOS-953| (Other name for: tanespimycin) |
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KRN5500| A semisynthetic derivative of the nucleoside-like antineoplastic antibiotic spicamycin, originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus. KRN 5500 inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus functions. This agent also induces cell differentiation and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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KSP inhibitor ARRY-520| A synthetic, small molecule targeting the kinesin spindle protein (KSP) with potential antineoplastic activity. KSP inhibitor ARRY-520 specifically inhibits KSP (kinesin-5 or Eg5), resulting in activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, induction of cell cycle arrest during the mitotic phase, and consequently cell death in tumor cells that are actively dividing. Because KSP is not involved in postmitotic processes, such as neuronal transport, this agent does not cause the peripheral neuropathy that is often associated with tubulin-targeting agents.
KSP is an ATP-dependent microtubule motor protein that is essential for the formation of bipolar spindles and the proper segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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kunecatechins ointment| A topical ointment containing a green tea polyphenol mixture (kunecatechins) with potential antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and chemopreventive activities. Kunecatechins is a partially purified fraction of the aqueous extract of green tea leaves from Camellia sinensis and contains catechins and other green tea components. Catechins, polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolites or flavonoids, comprise most of the drug substance in kunecatechins with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) present as the primary catechin. Catechins may inhibit basic functions of human papillomavirus (HPV), counteract specific changes in tumor cells, affect cell signaling, and stimulate the immune system. Topical application of kunecatechins ointment has been reported to reduce HPV-induced genital and anal warts through a not yet fully understood mechanism, which may involve anti-oxidative activity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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KW 2189| A semisynthetic water-soluble derivative of the antineoplastic antibiotic duocarmycin B2. Activated by carboxyl esterase, KW 2189 alkylates DNA by binding to adenine-thymine (A-T)-rich sequences in the minor groove of DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and inducing apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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KW-0761| A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) with potential anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. KW-0761 selectively binds to and blocks the activity of CCR4, which may inhibit CCR4-mediated signal transduction pathways and, so, chemokine-mediated cellular migration and proliferation of T cells, and chemokine-mediated angiogenesis. In addition, this agent may induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against CCR4-positive T cells. CCR4, a G-coupled-protein receptor for C-C chemokines such MIP-1, RANTES, TARC and MCP-1, is expressed on the surfaces of some types of T cells, endothelial cells, and some types of neurons. CCR4, also known as CD194, may be overexpressed on adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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KW-2149| A semisynthetic water-soluble disulfide derivative of the antineoplastic antibiotic mitomycin C. Activated by serum and glutathione, KW-2149 causes interstrand DNA cross-links and DNA-protein cross-links, resulting in single-strand DNA breaks and inhibition of DNA synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus) |
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Kynacyte| (Other name for: safingol) |
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Kytril| (Other name for: granisetron hydrochloride) |
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