• The primary measure of effectiveness in the study is the change in hemoglobin value from baseline to end of study [ Time Frame: The primary measure of effectiveness is the change in hemoglobin value from baseline to end of study. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• The secondary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of weeks the hemoglobin value remains within the treatment target range. [ Time Frame: The secondary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of weeks the hemoglobin value remains within the treatment target range. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

A consequence of chronic kidney disease is anemia due to decreased production of erythropoietin. Anemia is associated with decreased oxygen delivery and utilization, and can result in fatigue, lethargy, decreased cognition and mental acuity, and cardiac complications.This study was designed to compare 2 dosing regimens, once every-2-weeks and once every-4-weeks with the once-weekly dosing regimen. Men and women who are diagnosed with anemia associated with chronic kidney disease will participate in this study. Approximately 400 patients will be included. This is a randomized (patients are assigned different treatments based on chance), open-label, multicenter study of epoetin alfa in patients who are not on dialysis and who are already maintaining anemia with epoetin alfa administered once weekly. The study is 40 to 42 weeks in duration. All eligible patients will be treated with epoetin alfa according to one of the following 3 regimens: once-a-week injection (Group 1), or once every-2-weeks injection (Group 2), or once every-4-weeks injection (Group 3). The maximum volume per injection will not be more than 1 mL, therefore some patients may receive more than one injection per dose. The study treatment includes a period to convert to the new dosing regimen, and a subsequent stable maintenance treatment period. After the initial dose, hemoglobin will be measured on a weekly basis and used to determine adjustments in dose for each patient. The primary hypothesis is that the average change in hemoglobin level in the groups that received epoetin alfa once every 2 weeks or once every 4 weeks is not lower than the change in hemoglobin level in the group that received epoetin alfa only once a week. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study. Clinical laboratory examinations, vital signs, and physical examinations will be conducted routinely to ensure patient safety.

Approximately 1 mL of epoetin alfa will be injected under the skin either once a week, once every 2 weeks, or once every 4 weeks (maximum doses of 20,000 IU once a week, 40, 000 IU every 2 weeks, or 80,000 IU every 4 weeks, respectively) for up to 36 weeks of treatment.