• Establishment of a longitudinal, observational cohort of chemotherapeutically suppressed HIV participants to study cellular and virologic characteristics that enable HIV latency [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• Characterization of memory CD4 cell subsets isolated from chemotherapeutically suppressed participants [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Quantification of the amount of latent HIV in each memory cell type in chemotherapeutically suppressed participants [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Evidence of HIV evolution [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Characterization of certain proteins in memory CD4-cell subsets in chemotherapeutically suppressed participants [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Determination of the association of protein regulation with cellular toxicity and the latent HIV reservoir in chemotherapeutically suppressed participants [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Characterization of the effects of immune activation on the latent reservoir of HIV [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• Determination of the role of drug transporters in chemotherapeutically suppressed patients [ Time Frame: At the end of the study ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

Memory CD4 cells may provide a reservoir of latent HIV that cannot be completely eliminated using currently available anti-HIV medications. The overall goal of this observational study is to develop new strategies to eliminate the latent HIV reservoir in HIV infected individuals. CD4-cell subsets, cellular anti-HIV factors, and cellular drug transporters will be observed to determine which resting memory cells hide latent HIV and to determine the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of the latent HIV reservoir.

This study will last for at least 3 years. The screening visit will include medical history, contact information, urine collection, and a physical exam. Participants will be assigned to one of five groups:

• Group 1 will consist of intensively studied adults initiating potentially suppressive drug therapy. At the screening visit, Group 1 participants will be given the option to either undergo blood draws or leukapheresis for all visits.
• Group 2 will consist of intensively studied, well-suppressed adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). At the screening visit, Group 2 participants will be given the option to either undergo blood draws or leukapheresis for all visits.
• Group 3 will consist of nonintensively studied adults initiating potentially suppressive drug therapy. Group 3 participants will undergo blood draws at all visits.
• Group 4 will consist of nonintensively studied, well-suppressed adults on HAART. Group 4 participants will undergo blood draws at all visits.
• Group 5 will consist of participants who are currently in the Merck Expanded Access Program receiving raltegravir. At the screening visit, Group 5 participants will be given the option to either undergo blood draws or leukapheresis for all visits.

For all participants undergoing blood draws only, visits will occur every 3 months for about 3 years. For patients undergoing leukapheresis, visits will occur every 6 months for about 3 years. At each visit, blood collection, documentation of current HAART, and updating of contact information will occur. Participants are encouraged to provide additional blood samples to be stored at all visits.

Participants in Groups 1, 2, or 5 may decline to be in the leukapheresis group at any time and will be given the option of continuing in the blood draw group or withdrawing completely from the study. If specimens are not obtained for any reason at any visit, participants in Groups 1, 2, or 5 will default to either Group 3 or Group 4. Antiretroviral medications will not be provided by this study.