X51 - Geographic Names-General Information
MARC 21 Authority
October 2001
"Full" documentation refers to the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data that contains detailed descriptions of every data element, along with examples, input conventions and history sections.
"Concise" documentation refers to the MARC 21 Concise Format for Authority Data that contains abridged descriptions of every data element, along with examples.
451 - See From Tracing - Geographic Name (R)
Full |
Concise
551 - See Also From Tracing - Geographic Name (R)
Full |
Concise
751 - Established Heading Linking Entry - Geographic Name (R)
Full |
Concise
First Indicator
Undefined
# - Undefined
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Second Indicator
151/451/551
-
Undefined
# - Undefined
751
-
Thesaurus
0 - Library of Congress Subject Headings
1 - LC subject headings for children's literature
2 - Medical Subject Headings
3 - National Agricultural Library subject authority file
4 - Source not specified
5 - Canadian Subject Headings
6 - Répertoire de vedettes-matière
7 - Source specified in subfield $2 |
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Subfield Codes
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Name portion
$a - Geographic name (NR)
Tracing and linking subfields
$i - Reference instruction phrase (NR) [451/551]
$w - Control subfield (NR) [451/551/751]
$0 - Record control number (R) [551/751]
$2 - Source of heading or term (NR) [751]
$5 - Institution to which field applies (R) [451/551/751]
$6 - Linkage (NR)
$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
| Subject subdivision portion
$v - Form subdivision (R)
$x - General subdivision (R)
$y - Chronological subdivision (R)
$z - Geographic subdivision (R)
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GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS
Content designators identify the subelements occurring in geographic name headings
constructed according to generally accepted cataloging and thesaurus-building
conventions (e.g., Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2), Library of
Congress Subject Headings). Jurisdiction names (including those that are
ecclesiastical entities) alone or followed by subject subdivisions are X51 geographic
names. A corporate name, a form subheading, a title of a work, and/or a city section
name entered under the name of a jurisdiction are contained in the X10 fields.
Geographic names used in phrase subject headings (e.g., Iran in the Koran) are contained
in the X50 fields. A geographic name that is authorized for use only as
a subject subdivision part of an extended subject heading is contained in a 181
(Geographic Subdivision) field.
Only generally-applicable content designators are described in full in this section. A
small number of content designators with field-specific instructions are described in
the Tracings and References-General Information section (for field 451 and 551)
and the 7XX Heading Linking Entries-General Information section (for field
751).
■ INDICATORS
First Indicator - Undefined Undefined and contains a blank (#).
Second Indicator In fields 151, 451, and 551, the second indicator position is undefined and
contains a blank (#). For field 751, the second indicator position contains one of
the values described in the
7XX Heading Linking Entries-General
Information section.
■ SUBFIELD CODES
$a - Geographic name Parenthetical qualifying information is not separately subfield coded.
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| 151 |
##$aAmazon River |
| 151 |
##$aCommunist countries |
| 151 |
##$aHalley's comet |
| 151 |
##$aInterstate 70 |
| 151 |
##$aMason and Dixon's Line |
| 151 |
##$aHimalaya Mountains |
| 151 |
##$aIrrawaddy Division (Burma) |
| 151 |
##$aLeesville (S.C.) |
| 151 |
##$aPalenque Site (Mexico) |
| 151 |
##$aPompeii (Extinct city) |
| 151 |
##$aAltamira Cave (Spain) |
| 151 |
##$aAntietam National Battlefield (Md.) |
| 151 |
##$aGreenwich Village (New York, N.Y.) |
| 151 |
##$aKing Ranch (Tex.) |
| 151 |
##$aWarm Springs Indian Reservation (Or.) |
| 151 |
##$aDelaware Memorial Bridge (Del. and
N.J.)
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$i - Reference instruction phrase [451/551]Reference instruction phrase other than those that may be system generated from
the field tag or from the codes defined for subfield $w (Control subfield).
Subfield $i is appropriate only in field 451 and 551. Guidelines for applying
subfield $i are provided in the Tracings and References-General
Information section.
$v - Form subdivision Designates a specific kind or genre of material as defined by the thesaurus being
used. Subfield $v is appropriate in the X51 fields only when a form subject
subdivision is added to a geographic name to form an extended subject heading.
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| 151 |
##$aParis (France)$vGuidebooks |
| 151 |
##$aRussia$xTerritorial expansion$vMaps, Pictorial |
$w - Control subfield [451/551/751]Codes in one or more character positions defined to control the display of
information and specify relationships, restrictions, and status. Subfield $w is
appropriate only in field 451, 551, and 751. Character position definitions and
guidelines for applying the codes defined for subfield $w in field 451 and 551 are
provided in the Tracings and References-General Information section.
Character position definitions and guidelines for field 751 are provided in the
7XX Heading Linking Entries-General Information section.
$x - General subdivision Subject subdivision that is not more appropriately contained in subfield $v (Form
subdivision), subfield $y (Chronological subdivision) or subfield $z (Geographic
subdivision). Subfield $x is appropriate in the X51 fields only when a topical or
form subject subdivision is added to a geographic name to form an extended subject
heading.
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| 151 |
##$aTexas$xOfficials and employees$xPayroll deductions |
| 151 |
##$aAix-en-Provence (France)$xSocial life and customs |
| 151 |
##$aUnited States$xCommerce |
$y - Chronological subdivision Subject subdivision that represents a period of time. Subfield $y is appropriate
in the X51 fields only when a chronological subject subdivision is added to a
geographic name to form an extended subject heading.
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| 151 |
##$aGreece$xHistory$yGeometric period, ca. 900-700 B.C. |
| 151 |
##$aUruguay$xHistory$yGreat War, 1843-1852 |
| 151 |
##$aUnited States$xHistory$yCivil War, 1861-1865$xConscientious objectors |
$z - Geographic subdivision Appropriate in the X51 fields only when a geographic subject subdivision is added
to a geographic name to form an extended subject heading.
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| 151 |
##$aUnited States$xBoundaries$zCanada |
$0 - Record control number [551/751]
$2 - Source of heading or term [751]Code that identifies the source of a heading or term when the second indicator
position contains value 7. Subfield $2 is appropriate only in field 751.
Guidelines for applying subfield $2 are provided in the
7XX Heading Linking
Entries—General Information sections.
$5 - Institution to which field applies [451/551/751]
$8 - Field link and sequence number
INPUT CONVENTIONS
Ambiguous Headings - See Appendix D: Ambiguous Headings.
Punctuation - Punctuation of the subelements of a heading is generally dictated by descriptive
cataloging or subject heading system/thesaurus rules. These input conventions clarify
MARC punctuation practices. An X51 field does not end with a mark of punctuation unless
the field ends with an abbreviation, an initialism, or data that ends with a mark of
punctuation.
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| 151 |
##$aCambridge (Mass.)$xPopulation |
| 151 |
##$aEgypt$xHistory$yTo 332 B.C. |
| 151 |
##$aUnited States$xEconomic policy$y1981-1993 |
| 451 |
##$wnnaa$aChino Valley, Ariz. |
| 151 |
##$aChina$xHistory$yHan dynasty, 202 B.C.-220 A.D.$vBibliography |
Spacing - No spaces are used in initialisms.
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| 151 |
##$aWashington (D.C.) |
| 151 |
##$aChina$xHistory$yHan dynasty, 202 B.C.-220 A.D. |
One space is used between preceding and succeeding initials if an abbreviation consists
of more than a single letter.
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| 151 |
##$aVienna (W. Va.) |
| 151 |
##$aAdelaide Geosyncline(S. Aust.) |
| 151 |
##$aUnited States$xForeign relations$y1993-$vPeriodicals |
Display Constant
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[dash associated with the content of subfield $v, $x, $y, and $z] |
Dash (-) that precedes a subject subdivision in an extended subject heading is not
carried in the MARC record. It may be system generated as a display constant associated
with the content of subfield $v, $x, $y, and $z.
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Content designated field:
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| 151 |
##$aUnited States$xBoundaries$zCanada
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Display example:
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United States-Boundaries-Canada
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CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY
Indicator 2 - Nonfiling characters [151/451/551] [OBSOLETE, 1993]
Values were: 0-9 (Number of nonfiling characters present).
$b - Name following place as entry element [151/451/751] [OBSOLETE, 1987]
City section name entered under the name of a jurisdiction is contained in an X10
field. Records created before this change may contain an X51 field with a subfield $b
for this type of name.
$v - Record control number [751] [REDEFINED, 1995] [USMARC only]
$0 - Record control number [551/751] [NEW, 1997]
$3 - Authority record control number [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]