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Your search term(s) "kidney stones" returned 46 results.

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Kidney Punch. Today’s Dietitian. 9(12): 52-54. December 2007.

This article familiarizes readers with kidney stones, focusing on dietary strategies that reduce the chances of developing kidney stones. The author defines kidney stones as deposits of minerals in the kidney. Kidney stones can block the ureter, the long narrow duct that takes urine from the kidney to the bladder. This blockage can cause blood in the urine and intense pain. Smaller stones can pass through the urinary tract on their own; larger stones need medical interventions, including medications, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and ureteroscopy. The author outlines some prevention strategies: drink plenty of water, be aware of beverages with caffeine, drink lemonade, reduce meat intake, and reduce salt intake, particularly in fast food. Other topics include the role of obesity in the development of kidney stones, the increasing incidence of kidney stones, and gender differences in risks for kidney stones. The article includes quotations from patients who have experienced kidney stones and who have changed their dietary habits in an effort to avoid a recurrence. One side bar outlines the problem of kidney stones in children.

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Kidney Stones in Adults. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. 12 p.

This lengthy fact sheet presents an overview of kidney stones in adults and reviews the anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract. The fact sheet describes the development of kidney stones, the different types of kidney and urinary tract stones, risk factors for kidney stones, the causes of kidney stones, the role of metabolic disorders in the development of kidney stones, symptoms of kidney stones, the diagnosis of kidney stones, treatment options, preventing stone recurrence, foods and drinks containing oxalate, lifestyle changes, medical therapy, and surgical treatments, including extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and ureteroscopic stone removal. The fact sheet briefly summarizes relevant research studies; provides a list of resource organizations, websites, and publications for readers wanting additional information; and briefly describes the activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC). 6 figures. 1 table. 5 references.

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Kidney Stones. Rockville, MD: American Kidney Fund. 2007. 2 p.

This patient education fact sheet describes the symptoms, causes, and treatments of kidney stones. Written in a question-and-answer format, the fact sheet reviews the risk factors for kidney stones, lists the typical symptoms that can occur when a kidney stone passes through the urinary system, and outlines treatment strategies including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopic stone removal, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. A final section offers suggestions on ways to prevent future kidney stones, focusing on the need for adequate fluids, dietary approaches, and working closely with one's health care team. One side bar lists the different types of stones—calcium-oxalate, struvite, uric acid, and cystine stones—and their causes. Readers are referred to the American Kidney Fund Help Line, 866–300–2900 or www.kidneyfund.org, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 800–891–5390 or www.niddk.nih.gov, for more information. 2 figures.

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Kidney Stones: What You Need to Know. Piedras en los Rinones: Lo Que Usted Debe Saber. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. 4 p.

This fact sheet provides information about kidney stones, defined as hard masses that form in the kidney from substances in the urine. Kidney stones may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Written in a question-and-answer format, the fact sheet discusses the risk factors for getting kidney stones, the symptoms of a kidney stone, the pain that can be caused by a kidney stone, the types of treatments that may be used to break up or remove a kidney stone, and how to prevent getting kidney stones. The fact sheet cautions readers that patients who have had a kidney stone before are likely to have others. The fact sheet refers readers to the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NIKUDIC) for more information (www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov). Two pages of the fact sheet are in English and the same information is repeated in Spanish on the other two pages.

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Urolithiasis. IN: Litwin, M.S.; Saigal, C.S., eds. Urologic Diseases of America. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. pp. 281-319.

Up to 10 percent of males and 5 percent of females in the United States will form a kidney stone (urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis) at some time during their lives. In addition to the pain and suffering of an acute stone event, treatment incurs substantial costs, and additional costs result from time lost from work, as many individuals are affected during their working years. This chapter on urolithiasis is from a lengthy text that offers a comprehensive portrait of the illness burden and resource use associated with the major urologic diseases in the United States. In this chapter, the authors discuss definition and diagnosis; prevalence and incidence; natural history; risk factors; clinical evaluation; trends in health care resource utilization for this condition, specifically inpatient and outpatient care; surgical trends and emergency room care; and economic impact. They conclude that the available data on urolithiasis support the important influences of age, sex, region, and race or ethnicity. Inpatient admissions and length of stay for treating urolithiasis have decreased as outpatient treatment has burgeoned. Shock wave lithotripsy remains the most commonly performed procedure for upper tract stones. A final section offers recommendations in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, and areas of needed research. 6 figures. 32 tables. 17 references.

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Acute Renal Colic. IN: Nilsson, K.R.; Piccini, J.P., eds. Osler Medical Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 2006. pp. 762-770.

Acute renal colic is defined as the painful episode that results from movement of a urinary tract or kidney stone through the urinary tract. This chapter on acute renal colic is from a handbook that provides the essentials of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the latest in evidence-based medicine, for residents working bedside, in-patient care. The chapter begins with a presentation of essential Fast Facts and concludes with Pearls and Pitfalls useful to the practicing internist. The body of the chapter is divided into sections: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Specific topics covered in this chapter include the terms used for kidney and urinary tract stones; the use of noncontrast helical computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard for diagnosis of stones; the indications for urgent intervention, including acute kidney failure, high-grade obstruction of a single or transplanted kidney, concurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) with obstruction, and intractable symptoms; management of patients who do not meet the criteria for urgent intervention; and elective removal of urinary tract stones. The chapter concludes with a list of references, each labeled with a 'strength of evidence' grade to help readers determine the type of research available in that reference source. 1 figure. 2 tables. 20 references.

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Kidney Stones: What You Should Know. American Family Physician. 74(1): 99-100. July 1, 2006.

This patient education fact sheet describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for kidney stones. The fact sheet begins by discussing who is more likely to get kidney stones and the kinds of problems that the stones can cause. Kidney stones may be passed through the urinary tract if they are small enough, but many require treatment or even surgery. The next section of the fact sheet reviews strategies for preventing kidney stones, notably fluid and dietary recommendations. The fact sheet concludes with the contact information for the American Urological Association and the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Blank space is provided for notes.

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Medical Management of Common Urinary Calculi. American Family Physician. 74(1): 86-94. July 1, 2006.

This article reviews the medical management of common urinary tract stones, including kidney stones (nephrolithiasis). The authors stress that recurrent stones can be prevented in most patients by the use of a simplified evaluation, reasonable dietary and fluid recommendations, and directed pharmacologic intervention. Patients can be monitored with blood tests and 24-hour urine collections, usually required in patients with recurrent stones. Although some stones are the result of inherited conditions, most result from a complex interaction between diet, fluid habits, and genetic predisposition. The authors discuss the use of drug therapy for urinary stones, including calcium-sparing diuretics (thiazides), citrate medications, allopurinol, and urease inhibitors. The treatments for specific types of stones are outlined: calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones. Aggressive fluid intake and moderated intake of salt, calcium, and meat are recommended for most patients. The article also includes a patient care algorithm. 5 figures. 4 tables. 30 references.

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Nephrolithiasis: Etiology, Stone Composition, Medical Management, and Prevention. IN: Kellogg Parsons, J.; James Wright, E., eds. Brady Urology Manual. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 17-20.

This chapter about nephrolithiasis, or kidney and urinary stones, is from a reference handbook that offers a comprehensive overview of urology, presented in outline and bulleted formats for ease of access in the busy health care world of hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics. The author reviews the etiology, stone composition, medical management, and prevention of this common condition. The chapter includes a summary and a review of general principles and describes presentation and epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment options for each condition considered. Conditions covered include calcium oxalate stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, cystine stones, and calcium phosphate stones. Dietary interventions to prevent stones include increased fluid intake, decreased protein intake, and decreased sodium intake. Pharmacological interventions to prevent stones include thiazides, citrate, allopurinol, sodium cellulose phosphate, and chelating agents. The chapter concludes with a list of references for additional reading. 17 references.

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Nephrolithiasis: Surgical Treatment and Metabolic Evaluation. IN: Kellogg Parsons, J.; James Wright, E., eds. Brady Urology Manual. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 27-40.

This chapter about nephrolithiasis, or kidney and urinary stones, is from a reference handbook that offers a comprehensive overview of urology, presented in outline and bulleted formats for ease of access in the busy health care world of hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics. The author reviews the surgical treatment and metabolic evaluation of this common condition. The chapter includes a summary and a review of general principles and describes presentation, past medical history, evaluation in the acute setting, and management strategies. Acute stones present as flank pain radiating to the contralateral lower abdomen and groin, nausea and vomiting, hematuria, irritative voiding symptoms, and fevers. Urinalysis typically shows red cells and white cells, with bacteria if there is a concomitant infection. Treatment of acute stone episodes includes intravenous fluids, pain control, antibiotics if urinary infection is present, and if necessary, decompression of the urinary tract with a ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube. Treatment of nonacute stones includes expectant management, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). A final section addresses urinary stones during pregnancy. The chapter concludes with a list of references for additional reading. 23 references.

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