DATE: May 7, 2001
REVISED:
NAME: Definition of Additional Codes in Field 007/10 for Sound Recordings in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Holdings Formats
SOURCE: Library of Congress
SUMMARY: This paper proposes expanding field 007/10 to describe additional materials used in the manufacture of sound recordings.
KEYWORDS: Field 007/10 (Sound recordings) (BD) (HD); Sound recordings (BD) (HD)
RELATED:
STATUS/COMMENTS:
05/07/01 - Made available to the MARC 21 community for discussion.
06/17/01 - Results of the MARC Advisory Committee discussion - Tabled.
The participants felt that other members of the archival sound recordings community
should be consulted about any additional codes which may be needed. Participants
also felt that the description of field 007/10 should be broadened to include
tape since there is a need to code for it for preservation purposes. A new proposal
will be written with a more comprehensive discussion for the midwinter meeting.
08/07/01 - Results of LC/NLC review - Agreed with the MARBI decisions.
PROPOSAL NO. 2001-10: Definition of Additional Codes in Field 007/10 for Sound Recordings
Preservation management of sound recordings is very important. Unfortunately, the reality of sound recording preservation is that libraries and museums often cannot process resources when they first obtain them. They usually must record information about how to handle, house, and regulate from other environmental hazards, such as humidity, before new sound recordings are ever processed. These decisions are usually obtained based on the type of material from which the sound recording is made.
Traditionally, agencies have used 007/10 (Kind of material) to indicate this kind of material, however this field does not currently include every type of material used in sound recordings during the Twentieth Century. For example, during the World War II era, aluminum, the standard base for instantaneously recorded audio discs, was in short supply. Consequently, the recording industry turned to glass as a substitute. During the same period, instant audio recordings could be made at record shops and penny arcades. Many of these discs are acetate on paper and are prone to water and humidity damage. Audiotape has also been in use for more than fifty years in various forms. The most common type in use at present is plastic-based tape, but its predecessors include paper-based and acetate-based tapes, both of which are fragile. Because the 007/10 field does not completely describe all of the materials used to make sound recordings, libraries and archives need some way to designate them so that they can be handled and stored properly for preservation purposes.
The additional material designations in the 007/10 are:
Field 007
Field 007 (Physical description fixed field) for sound recordings contains special coded information about the physical characteristics of a sound recording. Position 007/10 (Kind of material) contains a one-character alphabetic code that indicates the kind of material used in the manufacture of discs and cylinders. It currently has the following description and values:
007/10 Kind of material
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the kind of material used in the manufacture of discs and cylinders (both instantaneous and mass-produced). Most mass-produced discs now available are made of vinyl. Early discs were made of wax, aluminum, acetate, or shellac. Compact audio discs (CDs) are made of poly-carbonates coated with a reflective surface (usually aluminum). A fill character (|) is used when no attempt has been made to code this position.
a - Lacquered
Code a indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of material which has been lacquered.
l - Metal
Code l indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of metal. The earliest cylinders were made of metal (tin-foil).
m - Metal and plastic
Code m indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of metal and plastic. The metal part of such an item is often a thin layer applied to the plastic base.
n - Not applicable
Code n indicates that the item is not a disc or a cylinder.
p - Plastic
Code p indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of plastic. Most contemporary commercial or mass-produced 16, 33 1/3, and 45 rpm discs are made of plastic.
s - Shellac
Code s indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of shellac. Most commercial or mass-produced 78 rpm discs are made of shellac.
w - Wax
Code w indicates that the item is made of wax. Most instantaneous cylinders were made of wax.
u - Unknown
Code u indicates that the kind of material used in the manufacture of the disc or cylinder is not known.
Because the current descriptions in field 007/10 do not accurately or fully describe the materials used, it is proposed that 007/10 be updated and expanded to include codes for additional materials used in the manufacture of sound recordings in the Twentieth Century.
It is thus proposed that 007/10 (Kind of material) for sound recordings be updated as:
007/10 - Kind of material [Revised description]
A one-character alphabetic code that indicates the kind of material used in the manufacture of sound recordings (both instantaneous and mass-produced). Most mass-produced analog discs made in the second half of the Twentieth Century are vinyl. Earlier discs were made of wax, aluminum, glass, paper, or shellac. Early tapes were made of paper or acetate. There were also recordings made on metal wire. Compact audio discs (CDs) are made of poly-carbonates (i.e., plastic) coated with a reflective surface (usually aluminum). A fill character (|) is used when no attempt has been made to code this position.
a - Unknown with lacquer [Revised description]
Code a indicates that the item is lacquer coated, but the base material on which the lacquer is applied is unknown. Prior to the establishment of codes g (Glass with lacquer), i (Aluminum with lacquer) and r (Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide), all lacquered-coated discs were coded a (Unknown with lacquer).
c - Acetate tape with ferrous oxide [New code]
Code c indicates that the item is acetate tape with a ferrous oxide coating.
[Formally coded as n (Not applicable)]
g - Glass with lacquer [New code]
Code g indicates that the item is a glass disc with a lacquer coating.
[Formally coded as a (Lacquered)]
i - Aluminum with lacquer [New code]
Code i indicates that the item is an aluminum disc with a lacquer coating.
[Formally coded as a (Lacquered)]
l - Metal [Revised description]
Code l indicates that the item is made of solid metal. It includes the earliest cylinders, which were made of tinfoil, and aluminum transcription discs with no coating, as well as wire and metal tape.
m - Plastic with metal [Revised description]
Code m indicates that the item is made of plastic with a metal coating. The metal part of such an item is often a thin layer applied to the plastic base. It includes compact audio discs (CDs).
n - Not applicable [Revised description]
Code n indicates that the item cannot be described by any of the available codes.
p - Plastic [Revised description]
Code p indicates that the item is made of solid plastic. Since the 1950s, commercial or mass-produced sound recordings on 16, 33 1/3, and 45 rpm discs, cassettes, and cartridges are made of plastic.
r - Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide [New code]
Code r indicates that the item is a paper disc with a lacquer coating or a paper tape with a ferrous oxide coating.
[Formally coded as a (Lacquered)]
s - Shellac [Revised description]
Code s indicates that the item is made of solid shellac. Most commercial or mass-produced 78 rpm discs are made of shellac.
u - Unknown [Revised description]
Code u indicates that the kind of material used in the manufacture of the item is not known.
3. EXAMPLES
| 007 | st|omndmbncnue | |
| 300 | ## | $a2 sound tape reels :$banalog, 7 ½ ips, one track, mono. ;$c10 in. (acetate) + $e1 program ( 3 p.) |
| [Record for a Library of Congress concert on acetate tape] | ||
| 007 | sd|uusenniilue | ||
| 300 | ## | $a1375 sound discs :$banalog, various speeds ; $c12 in. and 7 in. (acetate, shellac, vinyl) | |
| [Record for the Aaron Copland Audio Materials on aluminum disc] | |||
| 007 | SD|umsznniglnb | |
| 300 | ## | $a82 sound discs : $banalog, various speeds ;$c10 in., 12 in., 16 in. (acetate) |
| [Record for the Igor Stravinsky Audio Materials on glass disc] | ||
| 007 | SD|umscnnirlud | |
| 300 | ## | $a3 sound discs : $banalog, mono. $c7 in. (acetate) |
| [Record for an item on paper disc] | ||
| 007 | st|umncmuurnue | |
| 300 | ## | $a1 sound tape reel :$banalog, mono. ;$c7 in. (acetate on paper) |
| [Record for the Stanford Caldwell Hooper History of Naval Radio Audio Materials on paper tape] | ||
4. PROPOSED CHANGES
In the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Holdings Formats:
Library of Congress