DATE: Dec. 17, 2002
REVISED:
NAME: Data Elements for Article Level Description
SOURCE: California Digital Library
SUMMARY: This paper explores data elements in the MARC 21 bibliographic format that record citation information for the description of a journal article. Field 773 (Host Item Entry) allows for a link to the record for the journal, but the citation data elements are not parsed into separate subfields, but contained as free text in subfield $g. The paper discusses ways to facilitate automated linking from MARC 21 records, such as what is intended in the CrossRef project or developing Open URL standard.
KEYWORDS: Field 773 (BD); Host Item Entry (BD); Citation information (BD)
RELATED:
STATUS/COMMENTS:
12/17/02 -- Made available to the MARC 21 community for discussion.
01/25/03 - Results of the MARC Advisory Committee discussion - Participants generally felt that more detailed coding was needed to facilitate automated linking to journal article citation information. The inclusion of caption information to accompany chronology and enumeration data was discussed in length, however, participants generally agreed that information from field 773 subfield $g and/or the SICI would provide adequate caption information. Based on a straw vote, participants favored solutions 4.3 (Add One Subfield for Enumeration and First Page to Field 773) and 4.5 (Add a Variable Field that Parses the Data Elements). Another tag number must be chosen for solution 4.5, however, because field 363 has been reserved for "Trade Price" in Proposal 2002-DP14/09. A proposal will be presented during the annual 2003 meeting.
Although few libraries create cataloging records for journal articles an increasing number of articles are being rendered in MARC format through interaction with library system portal functions, interlibrary loan, and linking to full text. The original cataloging of the articles is done outside of the library cataloging environment and is neither based on AACR2 rules nor MARC encoding. Translation of these records into MARC 21 generally makes use of the 773 field to store the data elements relating to the host journal, issue, date and pagination. These are stored in the subfield $g (Relationship Information) as a free-text string:
|
$gVol. 2, no. 2 (Feb. 1976), p. 195-230 |
Services making use of records for articles are likely to need this information separated into individual data elements. Many systems have written algorithms to parse the $g subfield to obtain the individual data elements but this is subject to error due to the free-text nature of the subfield. In some cases the original source of the bibliographic record does have this information described in separate data elements but that precision is lost when the record is translated to MARC 21
The Relationship data elements that are most common to article-level services
are: volume, issue, start page, formatted date. This paper explores possible
solutions, including modifying field 773 to carry these as machine-processible
data elements, using the SICI, or defining a new variable-length field for the
data.
ProQuest Database:
Citation:
| The effect of local exhaust ventilation controls on dust exposures during concrete cutting and grinding activities; Gerry A Croteau; AIHA Journal, Fairfax; Jul/Aug 2002; Vol. 63, Iss. 4; pg. 458, 10 pgs |
Download Format:
| The effect of local exhaust ventilation controls
on dust exposures during concrete cutting and grinding activities AIHA Journal Fairfax Jul/Aug 2002 Authors: Gerry A Croteau |
National Library of Medicine
Citation:
| Molecular cloning and characterization of Rosa
hybrida dihydroflavonol 4- reductase gene. Tanaka Y, Fukui Y, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Holton TA, Higgins E, Kusumi T. Plant Cell Physiol. 1995 Sep;36(6):1023-31 |
Download Format:
| TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of
Rosa hybrida dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene. AU - Tanaka Y AU - Fukui Y AU - Fukuchi-Mizutani M AU - Holton TA AU - Higgins E AU - Kusumi T TA - Plant Cell Physiol DP - 1995 Sep VI - 36 IP - 6 PG - 1023-31 AD - Institute for Fundamental Research, Suntory Ltd., Osaka, Japan. [TI=title, AU=author, TA=title abbreviation , DP=date of publication, VI=volume, IP=issue part supplement, PG=pagination, AD=author affiliation] |
Web of Science
Citation:
| Young BA, Lee CE, Daley KM On a flap and a foot: Aerial locomotion in the "flying" gecko, Ptychozoon kuhli J HERPETOL 36 (3): 412-418 SEP 2002 |
Download format:
| PT Journal AU Young, BA Lee, CE Daley, KM TI On a flap and a foot: Aerial locomotion in the "flying" gecko, Ptychozoon kuhli SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY DT Article SN 0022-1511 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES BP 412 EP 418 PG 7 JI J. Herpetol. PY 2002 PD SEP VL 36 IS 3 GA 599HR PI ST LOUIS [PT=publication type, AU=author, TI=article title, SO=full source title, DT=document type, SN=issn, PU=publisher, BP=beginning page, EP=ending page, PG=page count, JI=ISO source title abbrevation, PY=publication year, PD=publication date, VL=volume, IS=issue, GA=ISI document delivery number, PI=publisher city] |
Not all article databases display separate data elements, however:
Ovid Online:
Citation:
| Bhattacharyya, A K. Choudhury, B N. Chintaiah, P. Das, P. Studies on a probable correlation between thermal conductivity, kinetics of devitrification and changes in fiber radius of an aluminosilicate ceramic vitreous fiber on heat treatment [Journal Article] Ceramics International. v 28 n 7 2002. p 711-71 |
Download Format:
| VN - Ovid Technologies DB - Compendex AN - 02357061384 AU - Bhattacharyya, A K AU - Choudhury, B N AU - Chintaiah, P AU - Das, P IN - Res. and Devmt. Ctr. for Iron/Steel IISCO Burnpur Center, Burnpur 713325, W.B., India TI - Studies on a probable correlation between thermal conductivity, kinetics of devitrification and changes in fiber radius of an aluminosilicate ceramic vitreous fiber on heat treatment SO - Ceramics International. v 28 n 7 2002. p 711-717 [VN=vendor, DB=database, AN=accession number, AU=author, IN=institution, TI=title, SO=source] |
Providers of full text have often developed retrieval URLs that can be derived algorithmically from bibliographic records. Even though communication from the bibliographic database to the retrieval service may use other techniques, such as the OpenURL, the actual linking to the location of the full text document makes use of these algorithmically derived URLs.
For this article in Current Contents:
Feitkenhauer, H; Meyer, U. Intermediate accumulation and efficiency of anaerobic
digestion treatment of surfactant (alcohol sulfate)-rich wastewater at increasing
surfactant/biomass ratios.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEP, 2002,
V77(N9):979-988.
The Wiley article level URL is:
http://mddb.wiley.com/db/mdresolve.cgi?
issn=0268-2575&volume=77&issue=9&first_page=979
For this article in Expanded Academic Index:
Pennisi, Elizabeth Recharged field's rallying cry: gene chips for all organisms: seeds of microarray technology help comparative physiology bloom again. Science v297, n5589 (Sept 20, 2002):1985
The HighWire Press article level URL is:
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/297/5589/1985
where "/297/5589/1985" is /volume/issue/page.
For this article in Expanded Academic Index:
Koshland, Daniel E., Jr. Molecule of the year: the DNA repair enzyme. (research could improve environmental policy and human research models) Science v266, n5193 (Dec 23,1994):1925
The JSTOR article level URL is based on the SICI:
http://links.jstor.org/sici%3Fsici
%3D0036-8075%2819941223%29266%3A5193%3C1925%3AMOTYTD
| issn | date | vol | issue | page |
Removing the URL-encoding, this reads as:
| 0036-8075(19941223)266:5193<1925:MOTYTD>2.0.CO;2-3 |
where "(19941223)266:5193<1925" is (formatted date)volume:issue<first
page.
There are standard formats for representation of journal articles that may interact with a MARC-formatted record. These standards carry abbreviated forms of the bibliographic data because their purpose is retrieval or linking rather than discovery or display.
Included here are CrossRef Query Format, the OpenURL, and the Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI). These are derived from data encoded in MARC records, and they may be used to retrieve data from a MARC-encoded database. Compatibility with MARC data elements therefore can affect the success of the services that are using these standards.
| Data elements | ||
| ISSN Title Abbrev First author surname Volume Issue Start Page Year Resource Type Key DOI |
||
| Examples: | ||
| 1. 09666532|Ambulatory Surgery|Wetchler|9|2|57|2001||| 2. |J. Mol. Biol.|Pesce|274||408|1997||43| |
||
| Data elements | |||
| aulast - author last name aufirst - author first name auinit - author initials issn - ISSN eissn - electronic ISSN coden - CODEN isbn - ISBN sici - SICI bici - BICI title - journal or book title stitle - abbrev. title atitle - article title |
volume - volume part - part issue - issue spage - start page epage - end page pages - page range artnum - article number date - formatted date ssn - season quarter - quarter |
||
| Examples: | |||
| http://sfxserver.uni.edu/sfxmenu?issn=1234-5678&date=1998& volume=12&issue=2&spage=134 http://sfx1.exlibris-usa.com/demo?sid=ebsco:medline& |
|||
| Data elements | ||
| ISSN Chronology - date in standard form Enumeration - all levels of enumeration associated with a single issue Supplements and Indexes - when issued as separate items Location - generally first page number Title Code - derived standard title representation Locally Assigned Number - an identifier |
||
| Example: | ||
|
SICI v2: 0015-6914(19960101)157:1<62:KTSW>2.0.TX;2-F |
||
The first three solutions listed below add formatted data elements to the MARC Linking Fields (or at least to field 773). The $g subfield remains in the fields to carry the unformatted Relationship information that is suited to display in bibliographic systems. It is also assumed that Date1 and Date2 in the 008 can store the detailed date information. In addition there are options for 1) using the SICI and 2) defining a new variable-length field to contain the data.
Because there can be more levels of enumeration than volume and number, the subfield for number could contain all levels except the highest, which would be entered in the subfield for volume. Although imprecise, the linking services allow only two levels of enumeration and this appears to satisfy a significant number of linking situations. In some instances additional levels are included in the Issue data element although these would then need to be parsed by a receiving system.
Assuming that we use $v for volume, $l for number and $q for page, these examples follow:
773 0# $7 nnas $t Going Places. $g (July/Aug. 1984), p. 24-33 $q 24
773 0# $7 nnas $t California journal. $g Vol. 24, no. 9 (Sept. 1993), p. 235-48
$v 24 $l 9 $q 235
773 0# $7 nnas $t Metro. $g Vol. 96, no. 4 (May 2000), p. 23-24, 27 $v 96 $l
4 $q 23
773 0# $t Pacific rail news. $g No. 279 (Feb. 1987) p. GM5-GM6 $l 279 $q GM5
[Note that in this example the enumeration is "no." and recorded
in $l; vendors seem to prefer using the designation of the piece rather than
enumeration level.]
773 0# $7 nnas $t Going Places. $g (July/Aug. 1984), p. 24-33 $q 24
773 0# $7 nnas $t California journal. $g Vol. 24, pt. B no. 9 (Sept. 1993),
p. 235-48 $l 24:B:9 $q 235
773 0# $7 nnas $t Metro. $g Vol. 96, no. 4 (May 2000), p. 23-24, 27 $l 96:4
$q 23
773 0# $t Pacific rail news. $g No. 279 (Feb. 1987) p. GM5-GM6 $l 279 $q GM5
773 0# $7 nnas $t Going Places. $g (July/Aug. 1984), p. 24-33 $l <24
773 0# $7 nnas $t California journal. $g Vol. 24, pt. B no. 9 (Sept. 1993),
p. 235-48 $l 24:B:9<235
773 0# $7 nnas $t Metro. $g Vol. 96, no. 4 (May 2000), p. 23-24, 27 $l 96:4<23
773 0# $t Pacific rail news. $g No. 279 (Feb. 1987) p. GM5-GM6 $l 279<GM5
Optionally, a subfield could be added for date (for the article itself), but this information would also be included in 008/07-14, so this is probably unnecessary.
Example:
773 0# $7 nnas $t California journal. $g Vol. 24, no. 9 (Sept. 1993), p. 235-48
363 ## $a 24 $b 9 $p 235-248
Encoding the data without the captions is preferable so that systems do not
have to parse through the subfield to get the number. (In the URLs that many
vendors use in the format of issn/volume/number/pagination, the volume and number
are just numerics.) Alternatively, the captions could be included:
363 ## $a v.24 $b no.9 $i199309
Note that chronology may be the only enumeration. In those cases, it would be encoded in the enumeration subfields.
Library of Congress