NAME: New 007 field type for Remote-Sensing Images in the Bibliographic and Holdings Formats
SOURCE: ALA Committee on Cataloging and Classification, Map and Geography Round Table
SUMMARY: This proposal suggests defining a new 007 for information related to the physical description of remote-sensing images in field 007 (Physical Description Fixed Field) for Maps.
KEYWORDS: Field 007 (Bibliographic/Holdings); Remote-sensing images; Physical Description Fixed Field
RELATED: DP95
STATUS/COMMENTS:
12/15/96 - Forwarded to USMARC Advisory Group for discussion at the February 1997 MARBI meetings.
2/17/97 - Results of USMARC Advisory Group discussion - Approved with the following changes:
- Change the name of code a in position 03 to Surface.
- Add the following values to position 08 (Sensor type):
u Unknown
z Other
- Make the description of position 03 indicate relative to the "target", not the "earth".
The group discussed making obsolete code r (Remote sensing image) in the Map 007/01. The representative from MAGRT expresssed some concern about including this change without broader consultation. On consultation with others in the cartographic community, this change was not endorsed. It is thus removed from this approval and will need to be presented as a separate proposal if the community wants it considered. It was not originally included in proposal 97-6 as presented.
2/28/97 - Result of final LC reveiew - Agreed with MARBI decision.
PROPOSAL NO. 96-9: Enhancements to field 007 (RSI) for Remote-Sensing Images 1. BACKGROUND This proposal suggests adding a new field 007 (Physical Description Fixed Field - RSI) in the USMARC Bibliographic and Holdings formats to accommodate information related to cartographic remote-sensing images (RSIs). The changes proposed will permit the encoding of information relating to position of the sensor, cloud cover, platform, and technique. These physical characteristics related to RSIs are collectively referred to as "coverage" information. For many years it has been possible to encode certain physical characteristics of maps in the eight character positions defined in the maps field 007. When the cartographic item is an RSI (i.e., when field 007 character position 00 contains code a and 01 contains code r), the currently-defined positions are not adequate to encode all the physical characteristics that might be desired in coded form. The Committee on Cataloging and Classification, Map and Geography Round Table has identified several data elements that are important for the retrieval of RSIs. The cartographic cataloging community would like to include these new data elements in machine-readable records and has determined that the data would be most useful if represented in coded form. Representation of this information in coded form is needed to allow systems to limit searching to known items that represent images with coverage meeting the desired characteristics. Most of these categories of information are fairly straightforward. The National Archives of Canada is currently able to code RSI information in a 009 field in CAN/MARC and, as part of format harmonization, Canada would like to bring the coding into a non- local field in the format. All of the RSI elements in the CAN/MARC field 009 that Canada finds valuable are accommodated below. 2. DISCUSSION Discussion Paper 95 described seven new bytes for the field 007 (Physical Description Fixed Field) for Maps in the USMARC Bibliographic and Holdings formats to accommodate additional information related to RSIs. Discussion indicated that the Committee preferred that the RSI coded data be contained in a separate 007, rather than using add-on positions that would be used only for one special type of map or using the two length approach to the 007 taken for the motion picture 007. This proposal suggests that presence of clouds when the image was taken can be handled by a single position with numeric codes representing percentage of cloud cover in increments of 10%. The division of cloud cover requested in this proposal differs somewhat from similar data elements in other formats where, for example, only 8 increments may be defined. The Map and Geography Round Table is asking for 10 increments for several reasons. They want to align the data element for remote-sensing images to the "Content Standard for Digital Geo-Spatial Metadata", which uses increments of 10%. They also indicated that despite suggestions that land images with more than 10% cloud cover are unusable, images cover the full range of views of the Earth from a distance taken from various platforms. The proposed new field is shown in Appendix A. The data elements for the new field have been determined and reviewed by several US and Canadian archivists. 3. PROPOSED CHANGES In the Bibliographic and Holdings formats: - Add field 007 (RSI) for cartographic remote-sensing images as specified in Appendix A. ___________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX A 007 Remote-sensing Cartographic Images (R) [New field] Code r indicates that the item is a cartographic remote-sensing image or remote-sensing map. This is an image produced by a recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object under study. This is a map or an image that is obtained through various remote sensing devices such as cameras, computers, lasers, radio frequency receivers, radar systems, sonar, seismographs, gravimeters, magnetometers, and scintillation counters. If the image has cartographic or bibliographic information added it is referred to as a remote-sensing map. The specific categories of information with proposed values and character positions are given below. Char. Pos. Data 00 Category of material 01 Specific material designation 02 Undefined 03 Altitude of sensor 04 Attitude of sensor 05 Cloud cover 06 Platform construction type 07 Platform use category 08 Sensor type 09-10 Data type 00 Category of material A one-character alphabetic code indicates the category of material to which the item belongs is cartographic remote-sensing image. The meaning of the remaining character positions in field 007 are dependent upon the value in this character position. r Remote-sensing image 01 Specific material designation A one-character code indicates the specific material designation of the cartographic remote-sensing image. In this case, no specific types are identified. # No type specified 02 Undefined 03 Altitude of sensor A one-character alphabetic code indicates the general position of the sensor relative to the earth. a Terrestrial b Airborne c Spaceborne n Not applicable u Unknown z Other 04 Attitude of sensor A one-character alphabetic code indicates the general angle of the sensing device. a Low oblique b High oblique c Vertical n Not applicable u Unknown 05 Cloud cover A one-character alphabetic code indicates the amount of cloud cover when the image was taken. 0 0-9% 1 10-19% 2 20-29% 3 30-39% 4 40-49% 5 50-59% 6 60-69% 7 70-79% 8 80-89% 9 90-100% n Not applicable u Unknown 06 Platform construction type A one-character alphabetic code indicates the base used for the sensing device. a Balloon b Aircraft--low altitude (<29,500 ft.) c Aircraft--medium altitude (29,500-49,000 ft.) d Aircraft--high altitude (>49,000 ft.) e Manned spacecraft f Unmanned spacecraft g Land-based remote-sensing devices Example includes trucks. h Water surface-based remote-sensing devices Examples include buoys, floating instrument platforms (FLIP), platforms, ships) i Submersibles n Not applicable u Unknown z Other 07 Platform use category A one-character alphabetic code indicates the primary use intended for the platform specified in position 06. a Meteorological b Earth observing c Space observing m Mixed uses The platform is used for several purposes. n Not applicable u Unknown z Other 08 Sensor type A one-character alphabetic code indicates the recording mode of the sensor. a Active Sensor measures transmissions from the sensor reflected by the target. b Passive Sensor measures radiation emitted by the target. 09-10 Data type A one-character alphabetic code indicates spectral, acoustic or magnetic characteristic of the sensor. It indicates both the wave length of radiation measured and the type of sensor used to measure it. mm Combination of various data types nn Not applicable uu Unknown zz Other (e.g., x-ray) Data fusion (combinations) Includes combinations from any of the below data types as well as fusions with other kinds of cartographic data. ma Multi-spectral, multidata mb Multi-temporal Visible aa Visible light Infrared da Near infrared db Middle infrared dc Far infrared dd Thermal infrared de Shortwave infrared (SWIR) df Reflective infrared dv Combinations dz Other infrared data Microwave (radar) ga Sidelooking airborne radar (SLAR) gb Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) - Single frequency gc SAR - multi-frequency (multichannel) gd SAR - like polarization ge SAR - cross polarization gf Infometric SAR gg polarmetric SAR gu Passive microwave mapping gz Other microwave data Ultraviolet ja Far ultraviolet jb Middle ultraviolet jc Near ultraviolet jv Ultraviolet combinations jz Other ultraviolet data Acoustical (elastic waves) pa Sonar - water depth (echo-sounding, etc.) pb Sonar - bottom topography images (sidescan imaging Includes both pc and pd. pc Sonar - bottom topography - near surface pd Sonar - bottom topography - near bottom (10-150 m. altitude) pe Seismic surveys pz Other acoustical data Gravity ra gravity anomalies (general) rb Free-air rc Bouger rd Isostatic Magnetic field sa Magnetic field Includes inclination, declination and anomalies. Radiometric surveys (gamma rays) ta radiometric surveys