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Sponsored by: |
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) |
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Information provided by: | National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00524992 |
This study will examine the following: 1) how common albuminuria and proteinuria are among HIV-positive patients, 2) what causes albuminuria or proteinuria in these patients and 3) whether the condition becomes more severe over time. HIV-infected people are more likely than others to develop kidney disease. The earliest indicator of the possible presence of kidney disease is albuminuria (increased amounts of the protein albumin in the urine). A later indicator is the appearance of other proteins, a condition called proteinuria.
HIV-infected patients 8 years of age and older who do not have diabetes, chronic kidney disease or cancer may be eligible for this study.
Participants provide a urine sample during three visits as follows: the first upon enrollment in the study, a second 3 months later, and a third about 6 months after that. Blood samples are drawn at the first and last visits. At the first visit a medical history is taken and blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and upper arm skin thickness are measured.
Participants who are found to have albuminuria or proteinuria are asked to undergo a kidney biopsy for research purposes. The procedure is optional. Participants who develop heavy proteinuria may be recommended to undergo a kidney biopsy in order to determine the nature of the kidney disease and begin treatment. The biopsy requires a 2-day hospital stay. For the procedure, an anesthetic is given to numb the skin and a needle is inserted and guided into the kidney to withdraw a small tissue sample. The needle is passed twice, and possibly three times. Following the procedure, the subject remains in bed rest for at least 10 hours to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding....
Condition |
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HIV-Associated Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis HIV-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy Proteinuria Albuminuria Renal Tubular Toxicity |
Study Type: | Observational |
Study Design: | Prospective |
Official Title: | Prospective Evaluation of Albuminuria in HIV Positive Patients |
Estimated Enrollment: | 280 |
Study Start Date: | August 2007 |
Problem: The appropriate approach to screening patients for early HIV-associated kidney disease is unknown. Recently, screening for microalbuminuria has been proposed; the clinical implications of finding microalbuminuria in this population are unknown, as several disease processes may contribute to microalbuminuria in this setting.
Background: Renal disease is becoming more common as patients with HIV disease live longer. Renal diseases in this population include glomerular diseases (collapsing glomerulopathy, immune complex glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive glomerulosclerosis) and various tubular diseases. Systemic endothelial dysfunction, occurring as part of metabolic syndrome and related disorders such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance, is also associated with microalbuminuria.
Study objective. We wish to determine whether screening for microalbuminuria will detect early stage glomerular disease. We also wish to determine whether in some subjects renal histology is normal and microalbuminuria is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome, including HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
Design: We will use a cross-sectional study design.
Population: We will enroll 280 patients with HIV disease, to the extent practical enrolling consecutive patients in the NIAID Longitudinal HIV Clinic and the Washington Hospital Center HIV Clinic. This sample size was determined using an estimated population prevalence of microalbuminuria of 20%, with a 90% confidence interval of 5%. We will exclude patients with diabetes (as screening using urinary albumin excretion is well-established in clinical practice) and with established chronic kidney disease, defined as macroproteinuria (as these patients have been identified by a well-established screening test).
Methods: We will collect three urine samples, at 3-month intervals, for urine albumin/creatinine and protein/creatinine ratio. We will also collect data on blood pressure, anthropomorphometric parameters, and various serologic testing. Patients with persistent microalbuminuria will undergo renal biopsy.
Analysis: We will determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in the HIV population sample under study. We will determine the clinical implications of microalbuminuria, specifically how often HIV-associated collapsing glomerulopathy, HIV-associated glomerulonephritis, or other histologic disease is present. Finally, we will correlate the quantitative measure of urinary albumin with 1) the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome and with 2) various quantitative variables associated with metabolic syndrome.
Future studies: If this study suggests that the presence of microalbuminuria identifies patients who are likely to have early glomerular disease, we will consider undertaking a prospective controlled trial testing whether therapy with an angiotensin blocker can revert microalbuminuria and reduce progression to macroproteinuria.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 8 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Contact: Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office | (800) 411-1222 | prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov |
Contact: TTY | 1-866-411-1010 |
United States, District of Columbia | |
Washington Hospital Center | Recruiting |
Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20010 | |
United States, Maryland | |
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | Recruiting |
Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 |
Study ID Numbers: | 070212, 07-DK-0212 |
Study First Received: | September 1, 2007 |
Last Updated: | December 12, 2008 |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00524992 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Collapsing Glomerulopathy Anti-Retroviral Toxicity Lipodystrophy Metabolic Syndrome Tubular Injury |
Renal Biopsy Proteinuria Tenofovir Toxicity HAART Toxicity HIV Positive HIV-Associated Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis |
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental Glomerulonephritis Albuminuria Urination Disorders Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Signs and Symptoms Proteinuria HIV Seropositivity |
Urologic Diseases HIV Infections Nephritis Lipodystrophy Tenofovir Kidney Diseases Tenofovir disoproxil Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
Urological Manifestations |