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Your search term(s) "Hyperthyroidism" returned 39 results.

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Graves' Disease. Bethesda, MD: National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service. 2008. 8 p.

This fact sheet, from the National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service (NEMDIS), describes Graves’ disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. In Graves’ disease, the immune system makes antibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) that attach to thyroid cells. TSI mimics the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. The diagnosis and treatment of Graves’ disease is often performed by an endocrinologist, a doctor who specializes in the body’s hormone-secreting glands. The fact sheet reviews the symptoms of Graves’ disease, the condition called Graves’ ophthalmopathy, who is likely to develop Graves’ disease, diagnostic approaches to Graves’ disease, and treatment options, including radioiodine therapy, medications, surgery, and eye care. Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include nervousness or irritability, heat intolerance, rapid and irregular heartbeat, frequent bowel movements or diarrhea, weight loss, and goiter. Graves’ ophthalmopathy is characterized by inflammation and a buildup in tissue and fat behind the eye socket, causing the eyeballs to bulge. Graves’ disease is most often treated with radioiodine therapy, which gradually destroys the cells of the thyroid gland. The fact sheet concludes with a list of six resource organizations through which readers can get more information and a brief description of the activities of the NEMDIS. 1 figure.

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Hyperthyroidism. Bethesda, MD: National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service. 2008. 8 p.

This fact sheet, from the National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service (NEMDIS), describes hyperthyroidism, a disorder that results when the thyroid gland produces more thyroid hormone than the body needs. The fact sheet is written in a question-and-answer format and covers the anatomy and function of the thyroid, the causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, iodine ingestion, overmedicating with thyroid hormone, the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, who is at risk for developing hyperthyroidism, hyperthyroidism in the aging population, diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of thyroid disease, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test, pregnancy and hyperthyroidism, and how hyperthyroidism is treated, including antithyroid drugs, radioiodine therapy, and thyroid surgery. Some symptoms of hyperthyroidism include nervousness or irritability, fatigue or muscle weakness, trouble sleeping, heat intolerance, hand tremors, rapid and irregular heartbeat, frequent bowel movements or diarrhea, weight loss, mood swings, and goiter, an enlarged thyroid that can cause the neck to look swollen. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the hyperthyroidism. The aim of treatment is to bring thyroid hormone levels to a normal state, thus preventing long-term complications and relieving uncomfortable symptoms. The fact sheet concludes with a list of six resource organizations through which readers can get more information and a brief description of the activities of the NEMDIS. 1 figure. 1 table.

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Pregnancy and Thyroid Disease. Bethesda, MD: National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service. 2008. 8 p.

This fact sheet, from the National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service (NEMDIS), describes pregnancy and thyroid disease. Thyroid disease is a disorder that results when the thyroid gland produces more or less thyroid hormone than the body needs. Too much thyroid hormone is called hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease; too little thyroid hormone is called hypothyroidism. The fact sheet is written in a question-and-answer format and covers the anatomy and function of the thyroid, how pregnancy normally affects thyroid function, the causes of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, how hyperthyroidism can affect the mother and baby, how hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is diagnosed, how hyperthyroidism is treated during pregnancy, the causes of hypothyroidism in pregnancy, how hypothyroidism can affect the mother and baby, how hypothyroidism in pregnancy is diagnosed, how hypothyroidism is treated during pregnancy, and postpartum thyroiditis. If uncontrolled during pregnancy, hyperthyroidism can be dangerous to the mother and cause health problems such as congestive heart failure and poor weight gain in the baby. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy also threatens the mother’s health and can lead to developmental disabilities in the baby. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is safely and easily treated with synthetic thyroid hormone. The fact sheet concludes with a list of six resource organizations through which readers can get more information and a brief description of the activities of the NEMDIS. 1 figure.

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Radioactive Iodine FAQ. Falls Church, VA: American Thyroid Association. 2008. 1 p.

This fact sheet outlines the use of radioactive iodine (RAI) for thyroid imaging and treatment of thyroid disorders. The author first reminds readers that iodine is essential for the proper function of the thyroid gland, which uses it to make thyroid hormones. Iodine is made into two radioactive isotopes that give off radiation for medical uses: I-123, which is harmless to thyroid cells; and I-131, which destroys thyroid cells. I-123 is used to take diagnostic pictures and determine the activity of the thyroid gland; no special precautions are required after the use of I-123. I-131 is given to destroy overactive thyroid tissue that is causing hyperthyroidism or, in larger doses, to destroy thyroid cancer cells. The fact sheet outlines the long-term risks of I-131 RAI and notes special concerns for those who receive RAI treatment. One chart lists the instructions to reduce radiation exposure to others after I-131 RAI treatment, specifying the number of days recommended for each of a variety of activities, such as returning to work, preparing food for others, traveling, and avoiding contact with small children and pregnant women. Readers are referred to the American Thyroid Association website at www.thyroid.org for more information. 1 table. 2 references.

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Thyroid Medications. Rockville, MD: Food and Drug Administration. 2008. 2 p.

This fact sheet answers common questions about thyroid medications and thyroid dysfunction. Located in the lower front part of the neck, the thyroid gland makes hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, or how the body uses energy. The author outlines how thyroid dysfunction can affect the body and then discusses medications used to treat hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, how to know if the correct dosage of medication is being used, the differences between generic and name brand thyroid medications, proper medication storage and administration, and the actions the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken to improve the quality of levothyroxine sodium products. Readers are encouraged to work closely with their health care providers to ensure these medications are taken appropriately and working effectively. 3 references.

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Endocrine Autoimmunity. IN: Gardner, D.; Shoback, D., eds. Greenspan’s Basic and Clinical Endocrinology. 8th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2007. pp 59-79.

This chapter about endocrine autoimmunity is from a textbook about endocrinology that describes the scientific principles and clinical management of patients with endocrine-related diseases and disorders. The author reviews basic immunologic concepts as they apply to clinical autoimmune endocrine diseases as sole entities and as polyglandular failure syndromes. Topics include basic immune components and mechanisms, autoimmunity is multifactorial, single gland autoimmune syndromes, and autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. The most common autoimmune endocrine diseases are autoimmune thyroid disease, including hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s disease) and hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease), and type 1 diabetes. The chapter includes numerous black-and-white photographs and illustrations; a list of abbreviations is provided. 7 figures. 3 tables. 12 references.

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Endocrine Surgery. IN: Gardner, D.; Shoback, D., eds. Greenspan’s Basic and Clinical Endocrinology. 8th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2007. pp 911-932.

This chapter about endocrine surgery is from a textbook about endocrinology that describes the scientific principles and clinical management of patients with endocrine-related diseases and disorders. The authors provide an overview of the principles involved in the surgical therapy for many endocrine diseases. Topics covered include the thyroid gland, embryology and anatomy, indications for surgery, developmental thyroid abnormalities, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, goiter (nontoxic), thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, the techniques used for thyroidectomy, the parathyroid gland, embryology and anatomy, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, familial hyperparathyroidism, complications of parathyroid surgery, the adrenal (suprarenal) gland, primary hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, adrenal cortical carcinoma, sex steroid excess, pheochromocytoma, adrenal incidentaloma, techniques used for adrenalectomy, the endocrine pancreas, tumorogenesis, insulinoma, gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), vipoma (Verner-Morrison) syndrome, glucagonoma, somatostatinoma, and nonfunctioning pancreatic tumors. 5 figures. 10 tables. 47 references.

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Endocrinology of Pregnancy. IN: Gardner, D.; Shoback, D., eds. Greenspan’s Basic and Clinical Endocrinology. 8th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2007. pp 641-660.

This chapter about the endocrinology of pregnancy is from a textbook about endocrinology that describes the scientific principles and clinical management of patients with endocrine-related diseases and disorders. The authors stress that the endocrine changes associated with pregnancy are adaptive, allowing the mother to nurture the developing fetus. Maternal reserves are usually adequate; however, occasionally, as in the case of gestational diabetes or hypertensive disease of pregnancy, a woman may develop overt signs of disease as a direct result of pregnancy. Topics discussed include conception and implantation, the fetal-placental-decidual unit, polypeptide hormones, steroid hormones, maternal adaptation to pregnancy, fetal endocrinology, endocrine control of parturition, endocrinology of the puerperium, endocrine disorders and pregnancy pituitary disorders, pregnancy and breast cancer, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, and hypothyroidism in pregnancy. A list of abbreviations is provided. 2 figures. 1 table. 29 references.

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Graves Disease. Chevy Chase, MD: Hormone Foundation. 2007. 1 p.

This brief fact sheet provides an overview of Graves’ disease, an immune system disease that causes the thyroid gland to enlarge and results in hyperthyroidism. Written in nontechnical language, the fact sheet answers common questions about Graves’ disease, covering topics including the anatomy and function of the thyroid gland, possible symptoms of Graves’ disease, risks associated with untreated Graves’ disease, diagnostic tests used to confirm the condition, and the role of the endocrinologist. Readers are referred to the Hormone Foundation (www.hormone.org or 1–800–HORMONE) for more information. The fact sheet is also available in Spanish. 1 figure.

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Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to the Management of Maternal Hyperthyroidism Before, During and After Pregnancy. Chevy Chase, MD: Hormone Foundation. 2007. 2 p.

This fact sheet provides a patient guide to the management of maternal hyperthyroidism before, during, and after pregnancy. The guide is based on clinical guidelines written to help physicians who are evaluating and treating various types of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. The authors note that pregnancy, even in women with no thyroid abnormalities, causes major changes in thyroid hormone levels. This fact sheet focuses on maternal hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the mother has too much of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, sometimes called an overactive thyroid. Readers are reminded that hyperthyroidism can have harmful effects on pregnancy, so diagnosis and treatment are vital. Most cases of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are caused by Graves’ disease. The fact sheet outlines typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism, notes risk factors for the condition, and summarizes the recommended treatments for hyperthyroidism, notably antithyroid drug therapy. Readers are referred to the Hormone Foundation (www.hormone.org or 1–800–HORMONE) for more information. 2 figures.

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