Primary Outcome Measures:
- Body mass index (BMI)
- Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
- Triglycerides
- Dietary intake as measured by 3-day weighed diet records
- All measures to be compared at end of study (6 months)
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Blood pressure
- Weight
- Waist circumference
- Total cholesterol and lipid subfractions (LDL, HDL)
- Fasting insulin
- Lipoproteins A + B
- Inflammatory markers
- Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio
- Quality of life
- All measures to be compared at end of study (6 months)
This is a 6-month pilot intervention study which seeks to determine whether adherence to an intensive evidence based dietary programme, in addition to the prescription of both cardioprotective and hypoglycaemic medications recommended for patients with diabetes, will provide health benefits in terms of reducing the risk of developing or progression of complications of diabetes (particularly cardiovascular disease).
The specific aim of the project is to compare the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (based on the recently published evidence based recommendations of the Nutrition Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [3]) or usual dietary advice, in diabetic patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease, treated with cardioprotective and hypoglycaemic drugs.
Study participants will be randomised into two groups:
- The control group will receive usual dietary advice and diabetes treatment from their usual GP and practice nurse (as detailed in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and The Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Risk guidelines published in December 2003 [1,2]).
- In addition to usual care, the intervention group will receive intensive instruction about a recommended dietary pattern based on the recently published recommendations of the Nutrition Study Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [3] and where appropriate use material, for example serving size information from the above mentioned guidelines.
Outcome will be determined by examining surrogate markers of clinical endpoints. These surrogate markers will include clinical measures (weight, body mass index, blood pressure) and appropriate tests (haemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin, blood lipids, lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and urine albumin creatinine ratio). A quality of life questionnaire will also be administered at the beginning and end of the project.
- New Zealand Guidelines Group. The assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. Wellington, NZ. December, 2003. http://www.nzgg.org.nz
- New Zealand Guidelines Group. Management of Type 2 diabetes. Wellington, NZ. December, 2003. http://www.nzgg.org.nz
- Mann JI, De Leeuw I, Hermansen K, Karamanos B, Karlstrom B, Katsilambros N, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Rizkalla S, Slama G, Toeller M, Uusitupa M, Vessby B. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 14:373-394, 2004
Purpose
