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| DATE | EVENT |
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| 1929 | PL 70-672 initiated federal responsibility for the treatment of narcotic addicts, implemented by establishment of specialized U.S. Public Health Service Hospitals at Lexington, KY and Fort Worth, TX in 1935 and 1937. |
| 1966 | PL 89-793, the "Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act of 1966", enhanced Federal efforts in the treatment and rehabilitation of narcotic addicts through three programs, providing for voluntary and pretrial civil commitment, and sentencing to treatment of convicted addicts. |
| 1968 | PL 90-574 authorized grants for the construction of narcotic treatment facilities in the states, and for specialized training programs and materials for prevention and treatment of narcotic addiction. |
| 1970 | PL 91-513, the "Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970", adopted a broad definition of "drug dependent person" to enable treatment for both addicts and individuals with other drug abuse problems; authorized confidentiality certificates for drug research; and directed the Secretary of DHEW
(now DHHS) to make scientific and medical determinations relative to scheduling
of controlled substances. |
| 1972 | PL 92-255, the "Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972", created the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (SAODAP) within the Executive Office of the President; authorized the establishment of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) within the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to become operational in 1974 and responsible for developing a national community-based treatment system; and permitted the maintenance treatment of narcotic addicts. |
| 1973 | PHS Reorganization Order, published in the 10/2/73 Federal Register, administratively established the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) consisting of NIDA, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and NIMH, effective
9/25/73. |
| 1974 | PL 93-282, the "Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1974", statutorily established
ADAMHA, charged with supervising and coordinating the functions of NIDA, NIAAA and NIMH.
Programs and responsibilities of SAODAP and the Division of Narcotic Addiction and Drug Abuse of NIMH were moved to NIDA.
Under an interagency agreement, the narcotic treatment programs at the Lexington and Fort Worth PHS Hospitals were merged and transferred to the Department of Justice. Lexington's Addiction Research Center became NIDA's in-house research program (its clinical research unit moved to Baltimore, MD in 1979, and the basic science unit followed in 1985). |
| 1976 | PL 94-371, the "Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1976", directed the Secretary to give special consideration to drug abuse prevention and treatment projects for women and for youth under the age of 18. |
| 1979 | PL 96-181, the "Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1979", required not less than 7% of NIDA's Community Programs budget in FY 1980 and 10% in FY 1981 to be spent on prevention; and authorized employee assistance programs. |
| 1981 | PL 97-35, the "Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981", repealed NIDA's
formula grants and Community Programs project grants and contracts authorities, and established the ADMS Block Grant program giving more control of treatment and prevention services to the states. |
| 1986 | PL 99-570, the "Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986", increased the Block Grant and created a substance abuse enhancement; and boosted funds for all NIDA research, with particular increase for AIDS research. |
| 1986 | Executive Order 12564, issued 9/15/86, mandated a drug-free federal workplace program. NIDA became the lead agency, creating its Office of Workplace Initiatives. |
| 1987 | PL 100-71, the "Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1987", required DHHS (NIDA) publication of guidelines for Federal drug testing in the Federal Register. |
| 1988 | PL 100-690, the "Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988", established the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) in the Executive Office of the President; authorized funds for Federal, state and local drug enforcement activities, school-based drug prevention efforts, and drug abuse treatment with special emphasis on injecting drug abusers at high risk for AIDS; and further increased NIDA funding for treatment research demonstrations, research on maternal and fetal effects of drugs, and medications development. |
| 1989/1990 | PL 101-166 and PL 101-517, the Departments of Labor, HHS and Education Appropriation Acts for FY 1990 and 1991, set forth identical prohibitions on use of funds under these enactments to carry out any program of distributing sterile needles. |
| 1992 | PL 102-321, the "ADAMHA Reorganization Act", transferred NIDA to the National Institutes of Health (NIH); earmarked 15% of NIDA's research appropriation for health services research; established a Medication Development Program within NIDA; provided authority to designate Drug Abuse Research Centers for interdisciplinary research relating to drug abuse; created an Office on AIDS at NIDA; required NIDA to appoint an Associate Director for Prevention; required an Institute of Medicine (IOM) study on development of anti-addiction medications (Section 701); and required NIDA to request a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) study of U.S. programs that provide both sterile needles and bleach, with $5M of NIDA's research funds "to be made available" for that purpose (Section 706). |
| 1992 | PL 102-394, the Departments of Labor, HHS and Education Appropriations Act for FY 1993, provided that not more than $2M of NIDA research funds be made available to carry out Section 706 of PL 102-321 (see above). |
| 1993 | PL 103-112, the Departments of Labor, HHS and Education Appropriations Act for FY 1994, prohibited the use of funds under the Act for (1) any further implementation of Section 706 of PL 102-321 (see above), and (2) any program for distributing sterile needles. |
| 1993 | PL 102-43, the "NIH Revitalization Act of 1993", required NIDA to conduct a study on the relationship between the consumption of legal and illegal drugs. |
| 1994/1996 | PL 103-333, the Departments of Labor, HHS and Education Appropriations Act for FY 1995, PL 104-134, the "Omnibus Consolidated Rescissions and Appropriations Act of 1996", and PL 104-208, the "Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997", each prohibited use of funds provided in these enactments for implementing any program for distributing sterile needles. |
| 1997 | PL 105-78, the Departments of Labor, HHS, and Education Appropriations Act for FY 1998, continued prior restrictions on distribution of sterile needles through 3/31/98. Funding of needle exchange programs is allowed after that date if they meet certain statutory requirements, including criteria established by the Secretary, DHHS. |
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