Simvastatin Therapy in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome - Full Text View

Sponsored by:	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Information provided by:	National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00064792

Purpose

This study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of simvastatin in treating children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). Patients with this inherited disease are deficient in an enzyme that converts a substance called 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol. Cholesterol synthesis is impaired, causing birth defects and mental retardation. This study will examine whether simvastatin can increase the amount of the deficient enzyme, thereby lowering 7-DHC and increasing cholesterol. It will examine the safety of simvastatin in affected children and its effects on their behavioral problems.

Children between 4 and 18 years of age with mild to typical SLOS may be eligible for this study. Participants will be evaluated at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD, and at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, MD, upon admission to the study and again at 6, 12, 20, and 26 months. The visits will last 3 to 4 days, and will include a medical history and physical examination, photographs to document medical findings, and other procedures detailed below. In addition, blood samples will be collected at 1, 3, 9, 14, 15, 17, and 23 months. Parents will complete several questionnaires during the study. Procedures include the following:

Simvastatin and cholesterol supplementation therapy. Patients take cholesterol supplements (50 milligrams per kilogram per day) plus simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks and then 1 mg/kg/day) for 12 months, and cholesterol supplements plus a placebo for 12 months.
Blood draws to check liver, muscle, and kidney function, hormone levels, vitamin D levels, blood counts, cholesterol and 7-DHC levels, and lipoprotein levels. Some extra blood is drawn for research purposes.
Urine collection. Urine is collected using a toilet hat. For children who are not toilet trained, urine is collected in a bag taped to the skin with an adhesive.
Electroretinogram (ERG) to measure the function of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. ERG is done under sedation. After adapting the child's eyes to the dark, an electrode is taped to the child's forehead, the surface of one eye is numbed with eye drops, and a contact lens is placed on the eye. The child looks inside a globe that emits a series of light flashes. The contact lens senses electrical signals generated by the retina when the light flashes. After the ERG, the patient has a full eye exam, including pupil dilation and photographs of the eye.
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to collect a sample of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). This procedure, done while the patient is sedated for the ERG, shows whether simvastatin affects brain cholesterol and chemical levels. Under local anesthetic, a needle is inserted in the space between the bones in the lower back where the CSF circulates below the spinal cord. A small amount of fluid is collected through the needle.
CRH stimulation test to detect hormone-related problems in cholesterol synthesis. The patient is given CRH, a hormone involved in cholesterol synthesis, through a plastic tube placed in a vein. Blood samples are collected through the same catheter to measure levels of other hormones involved in cholesterol production.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) to look at the electrical activity (brain waves) of the child's brain.
Activity monitoring. An activity monitor, which looks like and is worn like a watch, is used to record the child's level of activity for a 48-hour period.
Urine pregnancy test at every visit for female patients over age 10.
Skin swab for sterol (solid alcohol, such as cholesterol) analysis. An alcohol pad is rubbed lightly against the child's arm or thigh to collect skin cells.
Stool collection. A small stool sample is collected from the child's diaper or, for children who are toilet trained, from a toilet "hat" like that used to collect urine.

Condition	Intervention	Phase
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome	Drug: Simvastatin Susp. Drug: OraPlus	Phase II

Genetics Home Reference related topics: cholesteryl ester storage disease Farber lipogranulomatosis long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency primary carnitine deficiency Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

MedlinePlus related topics: Cholesterol Urine and Urination

Drug Information available for: Simvastatin Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3beta)-

U.S. FDA Resources

Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Treatment
Official Title:	Investigation of Simvastatin Therapy in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

Further study details as provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC):

Primary Outcome Measures:

Serum cholesterol/total sterol ratio. [ Time Frame: One year after therapy. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Change in severity of the irritability subscale of the Abberrant Behavior Checklist-Community, completed by the parent or primary caretaker; Clinician's Global Improvement scale completed by the behavioral clinician at each follow-up visit. [ Time Frame: One year after therapy. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Estimated Enrollment:	25
Study Start Date:	July 2003

Intervention Details:

N/A

Detailed Description:

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS, RSH, OMIM #270400) is an autosomal recessive, multiple malformation, mental retardation syndrome due to an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis. Specifically, these patients have a deficiency of 3 beta-hydroxysterol Delta 7-reductase activity due to mutation of the 3 beta-hydroxysterol delta 7-reductase gene (DHCR7). This enzymatic deficiency impairs the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol in the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis via the Kandutch-Russel biosynthetic pathway. The clinical manifestations of SLOS are extremely variable and the phenotypic spectrum is broad. At the severe end of the spectrum SLOS is a lethal disorder with multiple major congenital anomalies, and in mild cases SLOS combines minor physical stigmata with behavioral and learning disabilities. Based on clinical studies, the incidence of SLOS is on the order of 1/10,000 to 1/60,000. Molecular studies have shown a carrier frequency of about 1% for the most common SLOS mutant allele in North American populations. Currently therapy is based on dietary cholesterol supplementation. Although clinical improvement has been noted, serum cholesterol levels are rarely normalized and elevated serum 7-DHC levels persist. Because elevated 7-DHC levels may have toxic effects, treatment of SLOS patients with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has been proposed. Two small (two-patient) open trials of simvastatin therapy in SLOS have been reported. One of these trials showed improved clinical status, decreased 7-DHC levels and increased cholesterol levels. The second trial showed decreased 7-DHC levels; however, treatment had to be discontinued in one patient with preexisting liver disease. The goal of this clinical research protocol will be to test the clinical efficacy and safety of simvastatin therapy in mild to classical SLOS patients using a double blinded, crossover design.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:	4 Years to 18 Years
Genders Eligible for Study:	Both
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

All patients with biochemically proven SLOS will be considered for this study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Patients will be excluded if they cannot travel to the NIH because of their medical condition.

Age less than 4 and older than 18.

Pregnancy.

Weight less than 10 kg.

Developmental delay too severe to obtain adequate behavioral evaluation.

Severe behavioral problems that preclude proper physical and laboratory medicine evaluation.

SLOS severity score greater than 30.

No biochemical diagnosis of SLOS.

No molecular conformation of SLOS.

Residual fibroblasts enzymatic activity less than 10% of control value (cholesterol synthesis as a fraction of total sterol synthesis).

Dehydrocholesterol/cholesterol ratio greater than 1.0.

Renal insufficiency.

Contraindications for simvastatin use:

History of hypersensitivity to simvastatin or other "statins."

Acute liver disease.

Persistent elevations of serum transaminase levels or persistent elevations of CPK.

Concomitant therapy with tetralol-class calcium channel blockers (such as mibefradil).

Pregnancy or lactation.

History of rhabdomyolysis or myopathy.

Concomitant therapy with other drugs associated with myopathy (such as gemfibrazil or other fibrates, niacin) or metabolism by the P450 isoform 3A4 system (such as cyclosporin, itraconzaole, ketoconazole, macrolide antibiotics, or nefazodone (Serzone)).

Warfarin-type anticoagulant therapy.

Severe cataracts.

Contacts and Locations

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00064792

Contacts

Contact: Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office	(800) 411-1222	prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov
Contact: TTY	1-866-411-1010

Locations

United States, Maryland
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike	Recruiting
Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892

Sponsors and Collaborators

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

More Information

NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page This link exits the ClinicalTrials.gov site

Publications:

Porter FD. RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome due to an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 Sep-Oct;71(1-2):163-74. Review.

Kelley RI, Hennekam RC. The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Med Genet. 2000 May;37(5):321-35. Review.

Kelley RI. A new face for an old syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1997 Jan 31;68(3):251-6. No abstract available.

Responsible Party:	National Institutes of Health ( Forbes D. Porter, M.D./National Institute of Child Health and Human Development )
Study ID Numbers:	030225, 03-CH-0225
Study First Received:	July 11, 2003
Last Updated:	September 16, 2008
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00064792
Health Authority:	United States: Federal Government

Keywords provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC):

Cholesterol
SLOS
HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitor
Malformation Syndrome

Mental Retardation
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
SLOS
Mental Retardation

Study placed in the following topic categories:

Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Opitz syndrome
Metabolic Diseases
Simvastatin
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Mental Retardation
Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital Abnormalities
Metabolic disorder
Dyslipidemias
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Antimetabolites
Pathologic Processes
Disease
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Therapeutic Uses
Antilipemic Agents

Syndrome
Enzyme Inhibitors
Anticholesteremic Agents
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Pharmacologic Actions

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on January 16, 2009