| Racea and Hispanic origin, and family structure | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001b | 2002b | 2003b | 2004b | 2005b | 2006b | 2007b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70.7 |
| Two married parents | 77 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68.4 | 67.8 | 67.3 | 67.4 | 67.8 |
| Mother only | 18 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 23.4 | 23.3 | 22.6 |
| Father only | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 3.2 |
| No parent | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.5 |
| White, non-Hispanic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two married parents | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 81 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 77 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mother only | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Father only | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| No parent | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — |
| White-alone, non-Hispanic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78.6 |
| Two married parents | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 76.9 | 76.9 | 75.9 | 75.9 | 76.2 |
| Mother only | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15.9 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 16.0 | 15.3 |
| Father only | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 3.6 |
| No parent | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.5 |
| Black | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two married parents | 42 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 39 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 38 | 38 | 38 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mother only | 44 | 43 | 47 | 51 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 52 | 49 | 48 | 48 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Father only | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| No parent | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Black-alone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39.8 |
| Two married parents | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36.0 | 35.0 | 35.0 | 34.6 | 36.8 |
| Mother only | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 51.0 | 50.0 | 50.2 | 51.2 | 49.8 |
| Father only | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 3.5 |
| No parent | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 6.8 |
| Hispanic c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 69.8 |
| Two married parents | 75 | 70 | 69 | 68 | 70 | 68 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 64.6 | 64.6 | 64.7 | 65.9 | 65.5 |
| Mother only | 20 | 23 | 25 | 27 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24.5 | 25.4 | 25.4 | 25.0 | 24.5 |
| Father only | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 2.1 |
| No parent | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 3.6 |
| — Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a For race and Hispanic-origin data in this table: From 1980 to 2002, following the 1977 OMB standards for collecting and presenting data on race, the Current Population Survey (CPS) asked respondents to choose one race from the following: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. The Census Bureau also offered an "Other" category. Beginning in 2003, following the 1997 OMB standards for collecting and presenting data on race, the CPS asked respondents to choose one or more races from the following: White, Black, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. All race groups discussed in this table from 2003 onward refer to people who indicated only one racial identity within the racial categories presented. People who responded to the question on race by indicating only one race are referred to as the race-alone population. The use of the race-alone population in this table does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. Data from 2003 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| b Beginning with March 2001, data are from the expanded CPS sample and use population controls based on Census 2000. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Prior to 2007, CPS data identified only one parent on the child's record. This meant that a second parent could only be identified if they were married to the first parent. In 2007, a second parent identifier was added to CPS. This permits identification of two coresident parents, even if the parents are not married to each other. In this table, "two parents" reflects all children who have both a mother and father identified in the household, including biological, step and adoptive parents. Before 2007, "mother only" and "father only" included some children who lived with a parent who was living with the other parent of the child, but was not married to them. Beginning in 2007, "mother only" and "father only" refer to children for whom only one parent has been identified, whether biological, step or adoptive. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements. U.S. Census Bureau, Families and Living Arrangements reports and detailed tables (from 1994) are available on the U.S. Census Bureau website at http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
