ED2.B Mathematics and Reading achievement: Average reading scale scores of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders by grade, and child and family characteristics, selected years 1992

ED2.B Mathematics and Reading achievement: Average reading scale scores of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders by grade, and child and family characteristics, selected years 1992–2007

Characteristic	1992^a	1994^a	1998^a	1998	2000	2002	2003	2005	2007
4th-graders
Total	217	214	217	215	213	219	218	219	221
Gender
Male	213	209	214	212	208	215	215	216	218
Female	221	220	220	217	219	222	222	222	224
Race and Hispanic origin^b
White, non-Hispanic	224	224	226	225	224	229	229	229	231
Black, non-Hispanic	192	185	193	193	190	199	198	200	203
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	216	220	221	—	225	224	226	229	232
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic	—	—	—	—	—	207	202	204	203
Hispanic	197	188	195	193	190	201	200	203	205
8th-graders
Total	260	260	264	263	—	264	263	262	263
Gender
Male	254	252	257	256	—	260	258	257	258
Female	267	267	270	270	—	269	269	267	268
Race and Hispanic origin^b
White, non-Hispanic	267	267	271	270	—	272	272	271	272
Black, non-Hispanic	237	236	243	244	—	245	244	243	245
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	268	265	267	264	—	267	270	271	271
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic	—	—	—	—	—	250	246	249	247
Hispanic	241	243	245	243	—	247	245	246	247
Parents’ education
Less than high school	243	238	243	242	—	248	245	244	245
High school diploma or equivalent	251	252	254	254	—	257	254	252	253
Some college, including vocational/technical	265	266	269	268	—	268	267	265	266
Bachelor’s degree or higher	271	270	274	273	—	274	273	272	273
12th-graders
Total	292	287	291	290	—	287	—	286	—
Gender
Male	287	280	283	282	—	279	—	279	—
Female	297	294	298	298	—	295	—	292	—
Race and Hispanic origin^b
White, non-Hispanic	297	293	297	297	—	292	—	293	—
Black, non-Hispanic	273	265	271	269	—	267	—	267	—
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	290	278	288	287	—	286	—	287	—
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	279	—
Hispanic	279	270	276	275	—	273	—	272	—
Parents’ education
Less than high school	275	266	268	268	—	268	—	268	—
High school diploma or equivalent	283	277	280	279	—	278	—	274	—
Some college, including vocational/technical	294	289	292	291	—	289	—	287	—
Bachelor’s degree or higher	301	298	301	300	—	296	—	297	—
— Not available.
^a Testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, small group testing) for children with disabilities and limited-English proficient students were not permitted.
^b For data before 2003, the 1977 OMB Standards for Data on Race and Ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following four racial groups: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. The revised 1997 OMB standards were used for data for 2003 to 2006. Persons could select one or more of five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Included in the total, but not shown separately, are respondents with Two or more races. From 2003 onward, people who responded to the question on race indicated only one race unless otherwise specified. Data from 2003 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
NOTE: In 2000, the assessment was only conducted at grade 4. In 2003 and 2007, the assessment was only conducted at grades 4 and 8. Parents' education is the highest educational attainment of either parent. Data on parents' education are not reliable for 4th-graders.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Education Progress.