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September 18, 2001 Report of the Director

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health
John E. Fogarty International Center
for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences

Minutes of the Advisory Board
Forty-ninth Meeting

 

Table of Contents


  1. DHHS, NIH, and FIC Personnel Announcements
  2. FIC Budget
  3. FIC Programs and Initiatives
  4. FIC In House Science Seminars
  5. Regional Activities
  6. Activities of FIC Staff Members

I. DHHS, NIH, and FIC Personnel Announcements


David Satcher, U.S. Surgeon General, has announced that he will not seek reappointment after his four-year term ends in February, although he intends to fully serve out the remaining part of his term. As Surgeon General, Dr. Satcher has been involved in disease prevention, mental health and AIDS campaigns and is considering future roles in which he can promote increased medical research in these areas.

Burke Fishburn, a senior policy expert at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has been appointed by HHS Secretary Tommy Thompson to work with the World Health Organization (WHO) in its efforts to reduce tobacco use in Southeast Asia. As part of ongoing partnership with the WHO, Fishburn will be based in Hanoi and work with WHO in Vietnam, Laos and Malaysia. Prior to taking on this position, he was Associate Director for Policy and Planning in CDC's Office on Smoking and Health.

Maria Freire, who had been Director of the NIH Office of Technology Transfer since 1995, left the NIH September 15 to become the Chief Executive Officer of the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. The alliance is an international, nonprofit, public-private partnership whose mission is to accelerate the discovery and development of new cost-effective, affordable TB drugs with shorter treatment periods, increased effectiveness against multidrug resistant TB, and improved treatment of latent infection.

Richard Klausner, who has been Director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the past six years, has announced that he is resigning as NCI Director to become president of a new foundation funded by AOL Time Warner Chairman Steve Case. The foundation will focus on multidisciplinary solutions to science and health problems. Dr. Klausner will start in his new position on October 1.

Stefano Bertozzi, joined FIC in May to work with the Division of Epidemiology and Population Studies on the economics of public health interventions, especially those related to vaccine preventable diseases and HIV/AIDS.

Amar Bhat, who came to the FIC in 1990 as a Presidential Management Intern in the then International Coordination and Liaison Branch, left the Center in July to take up the position of Director, Office of Asia and the Pacific in the DHHS Office of International and Refugee Health. At various times over his career at FIC, Mr. Bhat served as Program Officer for South and Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Russia and the NIS, and Africa and the Middle East in the FIC Division of International Relations (DIR). He was Acting Director of DIR from October 1999 to January 2001.

Danielle Bielenstein joined FIC in July as the Center's Budget Officer. Ms. Bielenstein came to FIC from the Smithsonian Institution, where she served most recently as a Budget Analyst at the Museum of Natural History. She graduated from Sweet Briar College with a B.A. in Anthropology and received an M.A. in Anthropology from the George Washington University, focusing on forensics and taphonomy.

Joel Breman, who served as Deputy Director and Program Officer in the FIC Division of International Training and Research (DITR) has taken on new responsibilities as Senior Scientific Advisor in the FIC Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies (EPS). In his new capacity, Dr. Breman will lead the Disease Control Priorities in the Developing World Project (DCPP). The DCPP will link the FIC, NIH, World Bank and other organizations in several actions, with a major goal the publication of a second edition of "Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries." He will continue to direct the Center's International Training and Research Program in Infectious Diseases (ITREID) and the Actions for Building Capacity in Support of the NIAID ICIDR Program (ABC), in collaboration with DITR.

Valerie Katsouros, who had served as Acting Chief of the FIC International Services Branch (ISB) since January 2001, left the Center in August to pursue other opportunities. She served as Deputy Chief of ISB from 1997 to 2001 and prior to that served as an immigration specialist. Marcia Smith took up the position of ISB Deputy Director on Ms. Katsouros' departure.

Michael McDowell, most recently associated with the Overseas Development Council, joined the Center in July as a Senior Policy Advisor in the FIC Division of Advanced Studies and Policy Analysis and in the OD. He will take the lead in fostering Center initiatives related to science and the media.

Ellis McKenzie joined the FIC in July as Staff Scientist in the FIC Division of Epidemiology and Population Studies (EPS). Dr. McKenzie comes to the FIC from Harvard University, where he has been working on population-biology aspects of malaria and its control. At the FIC he will continue his research program on malaria and will extend his work to the epidemiology of other diseases of special interest to EPS and the Center.

Rachel Nugent, who has been serving as a Policy Analyst in the FIC Division of Advanced Studies and Policy Analysis (DASPA), has moved to the Division of International Training and Research, where she will be responsible for managing FIC programs related to health, environment, and economic development. She will also assume responsibility for a program related to Medicine and the Media, which is currently in development. Dr. Nugent will continue to provide technical expertise on a range of policy issues, including IPR and global public good, sustainable development and economics.

Aron Primack came to FIC in July as a Program Manager in DITR with responsibility for the International Tobacco and Health Research and Capacity Building Program and the Environment and Occupational Health Programs and to develop program initiatives related to chronic disease. Prior to joining the Center, Dr. Primack was Associate Professor in the Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, where he was responsible for International Health Courses and developed and taught a course in medical anthropology. Previously, he served at the Medical Director for the Center for Health Plans and Providers at the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), and as a Peace Corps Medical Officer in West Africa. He spent 17 years in private practice as a medical oncologist in the Washington area and, concurrently, taught on the staffs of Georgetown and George Washington Medical Schools.

Tom Reichert joined the Center in April to work in the FIC Division of Epidemiology and Population Studies (EPS). Dr. Reichert will lead work to model the epidemiology of influenza in developing countries and the impact of failing to introduce vaccines.

Joshua Rosenthal, Program Director of FIC's International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Program, as well as of the Ecology of Infectious Disease and Medical Informatics programs, has been named Deputy Director of DITR. Dr. Rosenthal will continue with his programmatic responsibilities as he takes on his new duties.

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II. FIC Budget


The Congress returned from recess on September 5 and is beginning to meet on the various appropriation bills before it. Specific action on the HHS appropriation bill is not expected until late in September. Up to date developments, if any, will be presented to the Board at the September 18 meeting.

III. FIC Programs and Initiatives


Stigma Research Agenda

FIC and partners across NIH as well as a range of other U.S. and private agencies, hosted a conference September 5-7 that focused on stigma and its impact in advancing medical research, access to health care, participation in clinical trials and other topics of concern in this country and in the developing world. FIC conceptualized this conference and organized a steering committee representing NIH Institutes and the National Science Foundation to develop the program. The conference helped to define stigma as a concept, illustrated its corrosive nature and highlighted how it contributes to public health problems. It also pointed out critical areas of research from the etiology of stigma to culturally and nationally appropriate interventions. In addition to the 250 conference participants, including 90 from developing countries, the proceedings were watched over the world wide web by thousands of people each day. The videotaped proceedings of the conference will be made available over the web and the website will be retained as a resource for dissemination of information and communication with interested individuals and organizations. The proceedings and prepared papers will also be published and made available over the web site. The FIC, in collaboration with its NIH partner institutes and other groups, expect to prepare an RFA for a Stigma Research Program to be issued in FY 2002.

Genetics Initiative

FIC, in partnership with other NIH Institutes and Centers, is in the process of developing an RFA for FY 2002 that would respond to the need for training developing country investigators and institutions to conduct relevant human public health genetics research. Applications will be solicited to build a critical mass of scientists, health professionals and academics with human genetics expertise in a sustainable research environment at a developing country institution. These proposals would potentially create innovative, collaborative human genetics research training programs that could contribute to the long-term goal of harnessing new scientific knowledge and skills to diagnose, prevent or ameliorate morbidity and mortality related to diseases with a significant genetic component that occur with high frequency in the developing world. The programs will concurrently examine the ethical, legal and social issues related to international genetics research relevant to participants in developing countries.

International Tobacco and Health Research and Capacity Building Program

FIC, in cooperation with NCI, NICHD, NIDA, NIMH, and NINR, as well as the WHO Tobacco Free Initiative, issued a comprehensive Request for Applications (RFA) on June 25 that targets the needs of the developing world and the research interests of the NIH related to tobacco control. The RFA targets 5 key research areas including epidemiological and surveillance research, susceptibility and risk, biobehavioral and social research, intervention research and policy-related research. Grantees will be required to include a significant capacity and infrastructure-strengthening component in their programs. The due date for receipt of applications is October 26, 2001.

International Clinical, Operational, and Health Services Research and Training Award (ICOHRTA) (AIDS/TB)

FIC is developing a Program Announcement for an ICOHRTA specifically focusing on AIDS and tuberculosis. This new program will support training to facilitate integrated, multidisciplinary research on the care of AIDS patients across the span of clinical, operational, and health services activities in developing countries most affected by HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. The focus of the program will be in building capacity at the foreign sites and, therefore, awards will be made directly to the foreign sites, with linked awards made to U.S. collaborating institutions. The award's intention is to build sustainable programs and it will include infrastructure support for the long term.

Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM)

The MIM Secretariat, housed at FIC, is planning the third MIM Pan-African Conference, to be held in Arusha, Tanzania in November 2002. This Conference will focus on African research advances and bridging the gap between research and control. Preparations also are underway for an international conference on malaria caused by P. vivax, which will be held in Thailand in January 2002.

MIM recently published a Supplement to the American Journal of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine on a MIM/FIC symposium held at the ASTMH in 1999 on the underestimation of the burden of malaria, entitled "The Intolerable Burden of Malaria: A New Look at the Numbers" (Vol. 64, number 1,2, p 1-106, January/February 2001).

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IV. FIC in House Science Seminars



June 4 - Presentation on stigma and global health issues and a description of the FIC-sponsored conference "Stigma and Global Health: Developing a Research Agenda." Kathleen Michels, Ph.D., Program Director, FIC DITR, and Emily Smith, Research Assistant, FIC Division of Advanced Studies and Policy Analysis.

June 29 - "Issues and Complexities of International Collaboration," "Decision-Making about Childbearing among HIV-Infected Women," and "Measures of Family Functioning." Kaoru Watanabe Ph.D. candidate, and Linda L. McCreary, Ph.D., RN, University of Illinois at Chicago.

August 7 - "Health Sector Reforms in Africa." Martin Alilio, Ph.D., Program Officer, FIC/ Multilateral Initiative on Malaria.

September 4 - "The Evolution of International Vaccination Programs." Mark Miller, M.D., Director, FIC Division of Epidemiology and Population Studies.

V. Regional Activities


Latin America and the Caribbean

NIH-Central America and the Caribbean Micronutrients Research Cooperation Workshop FIC staff organized an NIH-Central America and the Caribbean Research Cooperation Workshop, co-sponsored by FIC, the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), and the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, June 12-15 in Antigua, Guatemala. The workshop was designed to enhance cooperative relationships between NIH Institutes and Centers, and their grantees, and junior and senior researchers from the Central American Institute for Nutrition (INCAP) and other universities and research centers in the region through the development of research collaborations. Working groups stimulated the sharing of resources and information in five areas of nutrition research: Iron, Zinc, Riboflavin, B-12, and Folic Acid. Five pre-proposals resulted from the workshop, each consisting of a variety of research and training activities. Three of them have received seed money from the National Councils of Science and Technology of Costa Rica and Guatemala and from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Two FIRCAs are also being developed and will be submitted this fall.

Pan American Fellowships Program (PAF) Costa Rica, through a consortium of its Ministry of Science and Technology, National Council of Science and Technology Research, and private and public universities joined the NIH-PAF program in June. The PAF program brings post-doctoral candidates from Latin America and the Caribbean to train in NIH intramural laboratories for a period of one to two years. All program costs are shared between NIH laboratories and partners in Latin America. Costa Rican participation will enable Costa Rican researchers to receive significant training in their research specialties through work in NIH laboratories before returning to their country to help address health concerns endemic to their country and the whole Central American sub-region. The program will contribute significantly to bolstering the health research infrastructure in Costa Rica and Central America over the long-term.

Vietnam

On May 21, a Vietnamese delegation led by the Vice Minister for Science and Technology met with representatives of U.S. technical agencies. Dr. Norman Neureiter, Science Advisor to the Secretary of State, co-chaired the meeting. It was agreed that the first full meeting of the U.S.-Vietnam S&T Committee, established by the U.S.-Vietnam S&T Agreement signed in November 2000, will be held in Hanoi this fall. The Vice Minister gave a list of nine priority areas for cooperation, with biomedical research ranked as number one. It is expected that the U.S. will send delegations in each priority area in advance of the S&T Committee meeting, to develop plans for cooperative research and make site visits to Vietnamese research centers.

Africa

FIC staff and other NIH officials met with a number of delegates to the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS. These included the Minister of Health of the Republic of Guinea and the Director of the National AIDS Program and the Blood Bank National Safety Program, Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire). These were the first health-related discussions at NIH with representatives from Guinea and Congo after many years of internal upheaval in these countries.

U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF)

FIC is coordinating input from NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) for the NIH contribution to the current competition of the CRDF. This program allows joint teams of U.S. and former Soviet Union (FSU) scientists and engineers to apply for one-to-two-year support for cooperation in any area of biomedical and behavioral sciences. The average award size has been $40,000 per year, with at least 80% of the funds supporting project-related expenses of the FSU team. Since 1996, CRDF has effectively leveraged additional funds to support more than 140 joint projects. The program also has stimulated new collaborative relationships between NIH-supported investigators and their counterparts from countries not previously engaged through normal NIH mechanisms, including Armenia, Georgia, and Kazakhstan, as well as new collaborations in Ukraine and Russia

VI. Activities of FIC Staff Members


Dr. Gerald Keusch participated at the meeting of the Board on Global Health of the Institute of Medicine May 23 in Washington, D.C. as a member of the Committee.

Dr. Keusch presented welcoming remarks and participated at the NIH-Central American and Caribbean Research Cooperation Workshop: "Micronutrients in Central America and the Caribbean," June 11-15 in Antigua, Guatemala.

Dr. Keusch attended a meeting of the Tropical Medicine Interest Group June 26 in London, England, as a member of this committee of The Wellcome Trust.

Dr. Keusch joined the WHO Advisory Committee on Health Research (ACHR) at the invitation of the WHO Director General. In this capacity he served as a member of the Research Policy and Cooperation's Expert Advisory Panel on Health Science and Technology Policy, June 28-29 in Geneva.

Dr. Keusch represented NIH at the meeting of the Boards of the French-American AIDS Foundation and the World AIDS Foundation, June 30 at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. He was joined by FIC's Dr. Kenneth Bridbord and Dr. Alastair Clayton, who are the focal points for these programs at the NIH.

Dr. Keusch participated at a planning meeting in Brasilia, Brazil for the fourth Global Forum on Bioethics in Research to be held in that City. The Global Forum in 2002 will be held in conjunction with the 2002 meeting of the World Congress on Bioethics.

Dr. Keusch hosted at the Stone House a meeting of Working Group 2 of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health under the aegis of the World Health Organization, of which he is a member. Working Group 2 focuses on intellectual property rights as related to the development and distribution of drugs and treatments for diseases of global priority, as well as building capacity for research on health internationally.

Dr. Keusch co-chaired the international conference "Stigma and Global Health: Developing a Research Agenda," held September 5-7 in Bethesda, Maryland. FIC led the development of the conference, which was supported by over 20 partner agencies.

Dr. Joel Breman attended the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) conference, June 25-27 in Washington, D.C, and participated in a meeting of the sub-group on infections and occupational health.

Dr. Breman participated in a meeting of the International Affairs Committee at a meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA), August 19-21 in Montreal, Canada.

Dr. Breman met with several WHO staff members regarding calculation of burden of disease and chaired a meeting of the Board of Editors for the Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries Project, August 22-25 at WHO in Geneva, Switzerland.

Dr. Breman is editor of a 14-article, MIM-sponsored supplement to the "American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, entitled "The Intolerable Burden of Malaria: A New Look at the Numbers" issued in June, 2001. He is author/co-author of three of the papers, one of which is first-authored by Mr. Sean Murphy, an M.D., Ph.D. student who was an intern at the FIC in the summer of 1998.

Dr. Kenneth Bridbord represented FIC at a meeting in Bangkok, Thailand July 27-28 organized by the American Foundation for AIDS Research Control. The meeting focused on the needs for planning to provide improved therapy and care for HIV-infected persons in the Far East.

Dr. Pierce Gardner attended the International Meeting on Infection Control and Laboratory Training organized by the CDC Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion July 5-6 in Atlanta, Georgia, where participants discussed methods and products available for providing infection control and laboratory training in resource-poor countries.

Dr. Gardner was invited by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Working Group of the CDC to participate in a Special Emphasis Panel to review grant applications for an RFA on "Applied Research on Antimicrobial Resistance."

Dr. Karen Hofman led a working group in July 2001 on behalf of the NIH to develop a response to the most recent draft of the CIOMS International Guidelines for Biomedical Research involving Human Subjects together with Dr. Jack Killen of the Department of Bioethics at the Clinical Center.

Dr. Allen Holt gave a presentation to the State Department's Foreign Service Institute training workshop for Environment, Science and Technology Officers on ways in which development of vaccines and consequences of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases may be important in the conduct of foreign policy, September 11 in Arlington, Virginia.

Dr. Sharon Hrynkow represented NIH at the 43rd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the European Medical Research Councils, held in Strasbourg, France, on April 27, 2001. Dr. Hrynkow gave a presentation on NIH global priorities.

Dr. Hrynkow gave an invited presentation on May 3, 2001 to Ph.D. students and postdoctoral fellows at the University of Connecticut Health Center. She discussed career opportunities for Ph.D. level biomedical scientists at the NIH, including "opportunities beyond the bench."

Dr. Hrynkow was a member of the U.S. delegation at the 42nd Session of the Governing Council of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), held May 10-11, 2001 in Lyon, France.

Dr. Hrynkow participated in a meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America's Board of State and Regional Societies, held May 18-20, 2001 in Dallas, Texas and made a presentation on the activities of the Fogarty International Center.

Dr. Hrynkow gave a presentation on "Medical Research and Capacity Building as Key to Advancing Global Health," at the Global Health Council's 28th Annual Conference Healthy Women, Healthy World: Challenges for the Future. She joined State Department, Centers of Disease Control, and USAID representatives on a panel "U.S. Government Priorities in Global Health," held May 30, 2001 in Washington, D.C.

Dr. Hrynkow gave an invited presentation on NIH/FIC international opportunities at the National Institute on Drug Abuse's 6th International Forum on Drug Abuse Research in Scottsdale, AZ on June 15, 2001.

Dr. Hrynkow represented FIC at the International and Nutrition Forum meeting of the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. on June 29, 2001.

Dr. Hrynkow and DIR staff met with Dr. Ana Stavljeni-Rukinava, Croatian Minister of Health, and accompanying academic heads during her visit of NIH.

Dr. Hrynkow participated in a nationwide survey conducted by the Council of Foreign Relations/Pew Research Center for the People on U.S. foreign policy goals and concerns in the new century.

Dr. Richard Krause gave a talk entitled "Fifty Years of Streptococcal Research: Then and Now," September 12 at the New York Academy of Science.

Dr. Krause will lecture on "Infectious Diseases as they Relate to Public Health Policy" at a Workshop for Future Health Leaders from Southeast Asia, September 17-21 at Tokai University in Tokyo. The workshop is sponsored by the Japan Agency International Cooperation Agency.

Dr. James Lavery participated in the development of a symposium on International Research Ethics at the International Association of Dental Research in Chiba, Japan, June 29, and gave a presentation titled "Balancing protection and discovery: Major issues in international research ethics."

Dr. Lavery presented a background paper on Systems of Accountability for Ethical Research: Public Goods for Health and Development to Working Group 2 (Global Public Goods for Health) of the World Health Organization Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Fogarty International Center, Bethesda, MD, July 20.

Dr. Lavery gave a presentation on "International Collaborative Research: Where's the Harm?" at the University of Illinois at Chicago in conjunction with the "Listen to Africa" conference, September 12.

Dr. Jeanne McDermott attended the annual meeting of the American College of Nurse-Midwives June 4-7in Washington, D.C.

Dr. McDermott participated in a congressional briefing on HIV/AIDS chaired by Congressmen McDermott (D-Washington) and Kolbe (R-Arizona) July 20 in Washington, D.C. She discussed NIH/FIC international programs and research interventions.

Dr. McDermott and Ms. Mildred Hatton traveled to Uganda September 4-13 to attend the Third Global Strategies Meeting to Reduce HIV Transmission from Mother to Child and to visit research sites associated with the Case Western Reserve and Johns Hopkins University AITRP program and the Hopkins University's Population and Health Program.

Dr. Kathleen Michels helped organize the NIH STEP forum (May 17) "Clinical Trials On Trial." Half of the forum featured international issues in clinical trials and bioethics.

Dr. Michels and Ms. Emily Smith were the lead organizers of the International Conference on Stigma and Global Health: Developing a Research Agenda (Sept. 5-7). They worked closely with the conference co-chairs and brought together a team of NIH representatives.

Dr. Mark Miller participated in the Second Colloquium on Geographic Information Science, which focused on vectors, May 22-24 in Warrenton, Virginia.

Dr. Miller served on the scientific committee and was an instructor at the Second Advanced Vaccinology Course, May 25- June 2 in Veyrier du Lac, France.

Dr. Miller was a participant and rapporteur at the Global Vaccine Research Meeting, June 9-14 in Montreux, Switzerland.

Dr. Miller took part in the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts Meeting on Vaccines, June 14-15, in Geneva, Switzerland.

Dr. Miller participated in and served as a rapporteur at the UNAIDS meeting Access to Future HIV Vaccines June 26-July 2 in Geneva, Switzerland.

Dr. Miller and Dr. Rachel Nugent took part in the International Health Economics Association Biennial Meeting July 22- 25 in York, United Kingdom.

Dr. Miller was a participant in the National Vaccine Advisory Committee Workshop on Intussusception from Rotavirus Vaccine, September 5-7 in Arlington, Virginia.

Dr. Rachel Nugent presented a paper entitled "Contributions and Constraints for Agriculture to Support a Nutrition Strategy to Prevent Chronic Diseases: Is it Feasible?" at a pre-conference workshop on Nutrition Guidelines and Non-Communicable Disease Prevention at the 17th International Congress on Nutrition August 25-29 in Vienna, Austria.

Ms. Minnie Rojo gave a presentation on NIH programs and opportunities for collaboration, including FIC's training and research programs, to health researchers and other professionals from the U.S., Bolivia, and Argentina, at a trilateral workshop held in Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Dr. Luis Salicrup participated in a June 15-18 planning meeting for a regional symposium entitled, "Mental Health in the Americas: Partnering for Progress" that is planned for November 5-6, 2001 in Washington, D.C.

Dr. Salicrup represented FIC at the WHO XXXVI Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Health Research (ACHR) for the Americas in Kingston, Jamaica, July 9-11.

Dr. Salicrup represented FIC at the XVIII meeting of the Interciencia Pan American Association in Salvador, Brazil July 12-16 and discussed the status of science and technology in the Americas, including current policies and existing infrastructure.

Dr. Salicrup participated in a panel on international opportunities for biomedical research and training at the XXV Meeting of the Latin American Network of Biological Sciences (RELAB) in Santiago, Chile August 6-9.

Dr. Barbara Sina gave a presentation on the status of MIM planning for a meeting of P.vivax researchers in Bangkok January 27-February 2, 2002, at the U.S.-Japan 36th Joint Conference on Parasitic Diseases, July 23-24 in Bethesda.


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