| Agent Name |
Stoddard solvent |
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| CAS Number |
8052-41-3 |
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| Major Category |
Solvents |
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| Synonyms |
Dry cleaning safety solvent; Mineral spirits; Petroleum solvent; Spotting naphtha; [NIOSH] Texsolve S; Varsol; [ATSDR Case Studies # 33] UN1993 |
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| Category |
Refined Petroleum |
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| Description |
Colorless liquid with a kerosene-like odor.Stoddard solvent is a mixture of straight and branched chain parraffins (48%), naphthenes (38%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (14%).The odor threshold is 1 to 30 ppm. [ACGIH] |
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| Sources/Uses |
Stoddard solvent has been used as a paint thinner and general purpose industrial solvent. It has been used in dry cleaning. [ACGIH] |
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| Comments |
Stoddard solvent and other petroleum distillates (VM & P naphtha and kerosene) can cause anesthesia, slowing of reflexes, and dermatitis. Stoddard solvent may contain n-hexane with the potential to cause peripheral neuropathy. [LaDou, p. 500-1] With regard to potential liver injury, fatty infiltration may be seen after heavy exposures to petroleum distillates, but "frank necrosis is uncommon." [Haddad, L.M., Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co., 1990. (reference in HSDB on petroleum distillates)] |
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| Reference Link |
ATSDR - Index, Stoddard Toxicity Case Study |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
No |
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| TLV (ACGIH) |
100 ppm |
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| PEL (OSHA) |
500 ppm |
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| IDLH (NIOSH) |
3390 ppm |
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| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Human data: It has been reported that the atmospheric concentration immediately hazardous to life is probably between 5,000 and 10,000 ppm when high temperature or other factors make these concentrations attainable and exposure to levels approaching 5,000 ppm should be avoided [Rector et al. 1966]. [Note: A concentration of 5,000 ppm is equivalent to about 29,500 mg/m3 assuming an approximate molecular weight of 144 for Stoddard solvent.] |
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| Vapor Pressure |
1.5 mm Hg |
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| Odor Threshold Low |
1 ppm |
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| Lethal Concentration |
LC (rats) = >5,500 mg/m3/4H |
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| Explanatory Notes |
IDLH = 20,000 mg/m3 which is 3390 ppm assuming a MW of 144; Odor threshold (<1 ppm) from CHEMINFO; Flash point = 110 deg F; |
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| Reference Link |
ATSDR - ToxFAQs - Stoddard Solvent |
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| Flammability (NFPA) |
2: high ambient temperature required |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Neurotoxin |
CNS Solvent Syndrome |
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| Hepatotoxin |
Hepatotoxin, Secondary |
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| Nephrotoxin |
Yes |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: STODDARD SOLVENT
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