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Abstract

Title: Does umbilical cord blood polymerase chain reaction positivity indicate in utero (pre-labor) HIV infection.
Author: Biggar RJ, Mtimavalye L, Justesen A, Broadhead R, Miley W, Waters D, Goedert JJ, Chiphangwi JD, Taha TE, Miotti PG
Journal: AIDS 11(11):1375-1382
Year: 1997
Month: September

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare risk factors for infants whose cord blood was positive for HIV DNA with those who were cord blood-negative but found to be HIV DNA-positive in early infancy. METHODS: In 1994, infants born to HIV-infected women were enrolled in a study in Blantyre, Malawi. Birth weight and transmission risk factors from cord blood-positive infants were compared with cord blood-negative/HIV-positive infants on their first postnatal visit (4-7 weeks of age). Testing for HIV DNA on cord and peripheral blood was performed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of 249 HIV-infected infants (overall transmission rate, 26%), 83 (33%) were cord blood-positive and 166 were initially cord blood-negative. The mean birth weight was 2.1% (59 g) lighter in cord blood-positive infants than initially cord blood-negative infants; initially cord blood-negative infants were 2.8% (80 g) lighter than uninfected infants born to HIV-infected women. There were no significant differences in the risk factors for infection between HIV-infected cord blood-positive and -negative infants; when transmission was increased, both HIV-infected cord blood-positive and -negative infants contributed to the increase in a similar proportion. INTERPRETATION: It was concluded that umbilical cord blood positivity for HIV DNA did not identity a subset of in utero HIV-infected infants and suggested that HIV-infected cord blood-positive and -negative infants have similar timing and routes of HIV infection.