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Sponsored by: |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
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Information provided by: | National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00001316 |
Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that lymph nodes are a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a major site of active virus replication in infected individuals(1-3). There is at least a 10 fold greater viral burden per given number of CD4+ T lymphocytes obtained from the lymph nodes versus the peripheral blood in the same infected individual. These data have been accumulated predominantly in individuals with progressive generalized lymphadenopathy (CDC Class A1 and A2). It is unclear at present whether this pattern holds true for all categories of HIV infected individuals. We have proposed that the seeding of lymph nodes by HIV early in the course of HIV infection and the persistent production of virus in lymph nodes throughout the course of infection are major factors in the pathogenesis of HIV in virtually all infected individuals. In addition, it is likely that the selective perturbations of various T cell subsets (i.e., V-B classes of CD4+T cells) that have been observed in peripheral blood are much more dramatic in the lymph node given the greater viral burden in the lymph node compared to the peripheral blood. In order to investigate this hypothesis, it is essential that we study simultaneously lymph nodes and peripheral blood from the same individuals and that we study different individuals at various stages of disease from early in the course of infection (CDC Class A) to advanced disease (CDC Class B and C). If, as we suspect, there is active virus replication in the lymph node early in the course of infection, even at a time when there is little virus burden or active replication in the peripheral blood, this would justify anti-retroviral therapy at the earliest possible time in the course of infection. In addition, in certain patients who are about to initiate treatment with an anti-retroviral agent such as zidovudine or didanosine through their private physician, it would be important to know whether treatment actually reduces the viral burden and virus replication in lymph nodes. The effect of therapy on viral burden and replication will be compared in the lymph node versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells and both of these parameters will be compared with the level of plasma viremia.
Condition |
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HIV Infection Viremia |
Study Type: | Observational |
Official Title: | A Study of Viral Burden in Peripheral Blood Versus Lymphoid and Bone Marrow Tissue in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Individuals |
Estimated Enrollment: | 300 |
Study Start Date: | March 1992 |
Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that lymph nodes are a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a major site of active virus replication in infected individuals. Several subsequent studies have shown that virologic cross talk between B cells and CD4+ T cells occurs within the microenvironment of lymphoid tissues (LT) and, to a lesser extent, between cells in lymph nodes and the peripheral blood. Recently we have demonstrated that immunosuppressive CD25+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are enriched to the LT, compared to the blood, of viremic HIV+ subjects. Furthermore, Treg cells isolated from the LT are particularly effective in suppressing HIV-specific cytolytic activity. We are currently investigating several issues related to the impact of HIV infection/replication on the immune competence and homing profiles of numerous cell types within the LT. In particular, we are also investigating the role of the negative regulatory molecules, programmed death (PD)-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, in the suppression of HIV-specific T cell responses and the induction of apoptosis. The interaction between PD-1 and its ligands is thought to be a major mechanism whereby T cell effector function in tissue sites is restrained. Therefore, while we have performed functional studies in this area using peripheral blood, these studies are more appropriately conducted with tissue samples. We will also pursue immunological, migrational and virologic characteristics of various cell types including B cells and their subsets and CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells in the LT and bone marrow tissue.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
INCLUSION CRITERIA
The following laboratory values:
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Contact: Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office | (800) 411-1222 | prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov |
Contact: TTY | 1-866-411-1010 |
United States, Maryland | |
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | Recruiting |
Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 |
Study ID Numbers: | 920125, 92-I-0125 |
Study First Received: | November 3, 1999 |
Last Updated: | July 18, 2008 |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00001316 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Lymph Node Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Viremia In Situ Hybridization |
AIDS Excisional Biopsy RNA/DNA |
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Virus Diseases Sepsis Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral HIV Infections Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Viremia Retroviridae Infections Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Inflammation |
RNA Virus Infections Pathologic Processes Slow Virus Diseases |
Immune System Diseases Lentivirus Infections Infection |