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Spheres of Influence
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Driving Up the Cost of Clean Air David C. Holzman Abstract
The high volume of automobile transportation in the United States is accompanied by complex problems such as dependence on foreign oil, rising air pollution, and an increase in traffic accidents. These problems represent externalities, or costs not covered in the purchase prices of the vehicles that contribute to them. A number of possible solutions have been proposed to counter these problems. One strategy, implementation of corporate average fuel economy standards, has been in place since 1975. Some experts say these controversial standards have outlived their usefulness while others contend they simply need retooling. Meanwhile, experts continue to debate the feasibility and effectiveness of other innovations such as feebates, pay-at-the-pump and pay-as-you-drive insurance scenarios, and gasoline taxes.
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