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Your search term(s) "hypoglycemia" returned 234 results.

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Serum ACE Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 26(2): 274-78. February 2003.

This study investigated whether risk of severe hypoglycemia is related to serum (S) ACE (a genotype) level during intensive treatment in children with type 1 diabetes. The study included a cohort of 86 patients with intensively treated type 1 diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) was correlated to S-ACE. Patients with S-ACE at the median level of above reported a mean of 3.0 yearly events of severe hypoglycemia compared with 0.5 events in patients with S-ACE lower than the median. Of the patients with an S-ACE at the median level or above, 27 (61 percent) reported severe hypoglycemia, compared with 17 (40 percent) patients with an S-ACE lower than the median. Insulin dose, HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin, a measure of blood glucose over time), age, onset age, duration, C-peptide, and sex did not differ between these two groups. The authors conclude that the elevated rate of severe hypoglycemia among patients with higher A-ACE suggests, among other factors, that a genetic determinant for severe hypoglycemia exists. Further evaluation is needed before the clinical usefulness of this test can be elucidated. 1 figure. 2 tables. 34 references.

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Short-Term, Delayed, and Working Memory Are Impaired During Hypoglycemia in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 26(2): 390-396. February 2003.

This article reports on a study undertaken to examine the effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) on short-term, delayed, and working memory in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Performance in tests of immediate verbal and immediate visual memory was significantly impaired during hypoglycemia. The effect of hypoglycemia on working memory and delayed memory was more profound. Performance in the nonmemory tests, the Trail Making B Test, and the Digit Symbol Test also deteriorated during hypoglycemia. The authors conclude that all of the memory systems examined in the present study were affected significantly by acute hypoglycemia, particularly working memory and delayed memory. Mild (self-treated) hypoglycemia is common in individuals with insulin-treated diabetes; therefore, these observed effects of hypoglycemia on memory are of potential clinical importance because they could interfere with many everyday activities. 1 table. 46 references.

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Sleep-Related Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 52(5): 1195-1203. May 2003.

This article reports on a study of sleep-related hypoglycemia, focusing on the defenses against developing hypoglycemia and how sleep affects them. The authors studied eight adult patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes and eight matched nondiabetic control subjects with hyperinsulinemic stepped hypoglycemic clamps. Subjects were tested in the morning, while awake and at night, while awake throughout, and while asleep. Plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to hypoglycemia were reduced during sleep in subjects with diabetes, but not in the control subjects. The diabetes subjects exhibited markedly reduced awakening from sleep during hypoglycemia. Sleep efficiency (percent time asleep) was 77 percent (plus or minus 18 percent) in the subjects with diabetes, but only 26 percent (plus or minus 8 percent) in the control subjects late in the 45 milligram per deciliter hypoglycemic steps. The authors conclude that autonomic responses to hypoglycemia are reduced during sleep in type 1 diabetes. Also, probably because of their reduced sympathoadrenal responses, patients with type 1 diabetes are substantially less likely to be awakened by hypoglycemia. Thus, both physiological and behavioral defenses are further compromised during sleep. This sleep-related hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, in the context of imperfect insulin replacement, likely explains the high frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. 10 figures. 6 tables. 27 references.

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Special Problems and Management of the Child Less Than 5 Years of Age. In: Sperling, M.A. Type 1 Diabetes: Etiology and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press Inc. 2003. p. 279-292.

Diabetes in a child less than 5 years old is characterized by unstable glycemic (blood glucose) control, frequent and asymptomatic hypoglycemia (low blood glucose), and greater risk of severe hypoglycemia. Management of diabetes in young children is complicated by special age-related problems, including difficulties in administering and adjusting small doses of insulin and unpredictable behavior pattern or day-to-day variations in diet and physical activities. This chapter on the special problems and management of the child less than 5 years of age with type 1 diabetes is from a book in which well-recognized physicians and researchers review the latest thinking about the causes of type 1 diabetes and the best approaches to treating both its acute and chronic complications. Topics include the characteristics of type 1 diabetes in young children, treatment objects, and treatment means and strategy. The authors stress that a multidisciplinary approach by a specialized team available for frequent contacts and that gives children and parents an adapted continuing education and support is necessary. In case of severe hypoglycemia despite a well-conducted conventional therapy, a more physiological way of insulin treatment, such as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been shown to be well-tolerated by young children and allows achievement of good metabolic control without severe hypoglycemia under the supervision of a specialized team. 3 figures. 3 tables. 54 references.

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Sports, Exercise, and Diabetes. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. 2003. 5 p.

This document is a type of fact sheet that is available online, called a POD (print-on-demand). The fact sheets accompany the Wizdom patient education book series from the American Diabetes Association (ADA); the series is designed for children and adolescents and their families. This fact sheet offers information on sports, exercise and diabetes, stressing that it really does not matter what activity is chosen, just that kids with diabetes stay active. The fact sheet discusses the emotional benefits of exercise, the wide variety of sports and activities available, the social benefits of exercise, coping with hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) during and after exercise, recordkeeping, how to avoid hyperglycemia, foot care and prevention of foot injuries, regular diabetes care management, how to balance food and insulin with the amount of activity undertaken, equipment and supplies to have available during sports and other activities, and the importance of telling a coach, friend, or other support person about one's diabetes. The fact sheet concludes with suggestions for additional information (web sites and other publications). The fact sheets are also available in print format from the ADA (800-342-2383).

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Staying Healthy with Type 2 Diabetes. [Como Mantenerse Saludable Aunque Tenga Diabetes Tip 2]. Minneapolis, MN: International Diabetes Center. 2003(EN). 2004(SP). 16 p.

This book provides information for people with type 2 diabetes who are not treated with insulin. Written in non-technical language, the book helps readers understand the basics of taking care of themselves. Topics include the emotional reaction to getting a diagnosis of diabetes, the symptoms of diabetes, the importance of staying healthy, foods that make blood glucose (sugar) go up (resulting in hyperglycemia), foods that do not make blood glucose levels go up, the importance of staying active, medicines that may be prescribed, the use of blood glucose testing (SMBG), hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia (low levels of blood glucose). An illustrated chart is provided for readers to individualize and record a recommended daily schedule. The book is filled with illustrations and charts to help make the information more accessible. Space to record the doctor, nurse, and dietitian telephone numbers is provided on the back cover. The brochure is available in English or Spanish.

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Sulfhonylureas. In: Patel, A. Diabetes in Focus. 2nd ed. Lewisville, TX: Pharmaceutical Press. 2003. p. 103-112.

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disorder and represents a serious health care challenge. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide and considerable progress has been made in the understanding of diabetes management. This chapter on drug therapy with sulfonylureas is from a textbook that details the practical pharmaceutical care that pharmacists can provide for people with diabetes. In this chapter, the author reviews the use of sulfonylureas for the management of type 2 diabetes when dietary management alone has failed. Sulfonylureas may be used as monotherapy or in combination with metformin or insulin. Topics include mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosage, adverse effects (hypoglycemia, cardiovascular effects, weight gain), drug interactions, and preparations. 1 figure. 1 table. 12 references.

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Surgery for the Patient with Type I Diabetes. In: Sperling, M.A. Type 1 Diabetes: Etiology and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press Inc. 2003. p. 361-371.

Advances in the treatment of type 1 diabetes have allowed people with this disease to live longer. Consequently, the number of people with type 1 diabetes who require elective and emergency surgery has increased. This chapter on surgery for the patient with type 1 diabetes is from a book in which well-recognized physicians and researchers review the latest thinking about the causes of type 1 diabetes and the best approaches to treating both its acute and chronic complications. Topics include the metabolic consequences of surgery in type 1 diabetes, the preoperative evaluation of patients, the management of patients during surgery, and the management of patients during emergency surgery. The authors stress that the management of patients with type 1 diabetes during surgery requires careful attention to detail and continuous monitoring by a multidisciplinary team experienced in the care of these patients. With appropriate insulin replacement as well as careful monitoring to avoid hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, there is no reason why outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes undergoing surgery should be any different from unselected patients undergoing identical surgical procedures. 4 tables. 75 references.

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Surviving Sick Days. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. 2003. 5 p.

This document is a type of fact sheet that is available online, called a POD (print-on-demand). The fact sheets accompany the Wizdom patient education book series from the American Diabetes Association (ADA); the series is designed for children and adolescents and their families. This fact sheet offers information for coping with sick days. The fact sheet notes that when one of many common illnesses (like a cold or the flu) invades the body, not only do patients have to deal with sniffling and sneezing, headaches and body aches, but they have to cope with their diabetes being out of whack. A cold or the flu creates stress in the body which in turn has an impact on diabetes. Topics covered include the importance of checking blood glucose levels during sick days, changes in symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, insulin use during sick days, the need to check for ketones during sick days, food and nutrition, preventing dehydration, the impact of over-the-counter medications on diabetes, when to contact the health care provider, and how to prepare a sick day kit. The fact sheet concludes with suggestions for additional information (web sites and other publications). The fact sheets are also available in print format from the ADA (800-342-2383).

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Treatment of Hypoglycemia: Is There a Fast-Acting Carbohydrate?. Practical Diabetology. 22(3): 40-41. September 2003.

This article reviews the available research on the treatment of hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels). Topics include traditional treatment recommendations for hypoglycemia, use of a fast-acting carbohydrate, role of the gastric emptying rate, the role of protein intake, and the role of blood glucose testing and hypoglycemia unawareness. The authors conclude that although glucose is recommended for the treatment of hypoglycemia, patients can use any form of carbohydrate that contains glucose. Initial responses to treatment with 15 to 20 grams of carbohydrate should be seen in approximately 10 to 20 minutes. However, the glucose response to carbohydrate foods is temporary, and individuals must remember to test again approximately one hour after blood glucose levels reach an acceptable range to see whether they need additional carbohydrate. All carbohydrate foods containing glucose will eventually raise glucose levels, so the message to people with diabetes is to test and treat and then test again.

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