GENERAL
Heart and Stroke Facts, (Dallas: American Heart Association, 1992-2003).
Nuland, S.B., The Wisdom of the Body (New York: Knopf, 1997).
Zaret, B.L.; Moser M.; Cohen L.S., Yale University School of Medicine Heart Book (New York: Hearst Books, 1992).
THE AGING HEART
Anversa, P.; Annarosa, L.; Kajstura, J.; Nadal-Ginard, B. (2002). Myocyte Growth and Cardiac Repair. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 34, 91-105.
Anversa, P.; Sussman, M.A.; Bolli, R. (2004). Molecular Genetic Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine: Focus on the Myocyte. Circulation Research, 109, 2832-2838.
Gerstenblith, G.; Fredricksen, J.; Yin F.C.P.; Fortuin, N.J.; Lakatta, E.G.;Weisfeldt, M.L. (1977). Echocardiographic Assessment of a Normal Adult Aging Population.Circulation Research, 56, 273-278.
Lakatta, E.G. (1993). Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms in Advanced Age. Physiological Reviews, 73, 413-467.
Lakatta, E.G.; Levy,D. (2003).Arterial and Cardiac Aging: Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular Disease Enterprises: Part II: The Aging Heart in Health: Links to Heart Disease. Circulation Research, 107(2), 346-354.
Lakatta, E.G. (2002). Age-associated Cardiovascular Changes in Health: Impact on Cardiovascular Disease in Older Persons. Heart Fail Review, 7(1), 29-49.
Lakatta, E.G. (2002). Introduction: Chronic Heart Failure in Older Persons. Heart Fail Review, 7(1), 5-8.
Lakatta, E.G.; Sollott, S.J. (2002). The “Heartbreak” of Older Age. Molecular Interventions, 2(7), 431-46.
Oxenham, H.; Sharpe, N. (2002). Cardiovascular Aging and Heart Failure. The European Journal of Heart Failure, 5, 427-434.
Rodeheffer, R.J.; Gerstenblith, G.; Becker, L.C.; Fleg J.L.; Weisfeldt, M.L.; Lakatta, E.G. (1984). Exercise Cardiac Output in Healthy Human Subjects: Cardiac Dilation and Increased Stroke Volume Compensate for a Diminished Heart Rate. Circulation Research, 69, 203-213.
Schulman, S.P.; Lakatta, E.G.; Fleg, J.L.; Lakatta, L.; Becker, L.C.; Gerstenblith, G. (1992). Age-related Decline in Left Ventricular Filling at Rest and Exercise. American Journal of Physiology, 68, 28-38.
Sjogren, A.L. (1971). Left Ventricular Wall Thickness Determined by Ultrasound in 100 Subjects Without Heart Disease. Chest, 60, 341-346.
Spirito, P.; Maron, B.J. (1988). Influence of Aging on Doppler Echocardiographic Indices on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function. British Heart Journal, 59, 672-679.
CELLULAR CLUES
Balsam, L.B.; Wagers, A.J.; Christensen, J.L., et al. (2004).Haematopoietic Stem Cells Adopt Mature Haematopoietic Fates in Ischaemic Myocardium. Nature Cell Biology, 428, 668-673.
Beltrami,A.P.; Barlucchi, L.;Torella,D., et al. (2003). Adult Cardiac Stem Cells are Multipotent and Support Myocardial Regeneration. Cell, 114, 763-776.
Inesi, G.; Wade, R.; Rogers, T. (1998). The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Pump: Inhibition by Thapsigargin and Enhancement by Adenovirusmediated Gene Transfer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 853, 195-205.
Janczewski, A.M.; Spurgeon, H.A.; Lakatta, E.G. (2002). Action Potential Prolongation in Cardiac Myocytes of Old Rats is an Adaptation to Sustain Youthful Intracellular Ca2+ Regulation. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 34(6), 641-8.
Lakatta, E.G. (2003). Arterial and Cardiac Aging: Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular Disease Enterprises: Part III: Cellular and Molecular Clues to Heart and Arterial Aging. Circulation Research, 107(3), 490-497.
Lakatta, E.G.; Gerstenblith, G.; Angell, C.S.; Shock, N.W.; Weisfeldt, M.I. (1975). Prolonged Contraction Duration in Aged Myocardium. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 55, 61-68.
Lakatta, E.G.; Sollott, S.J.; Pepe, S. (2001). The Old Heart: Operating on the Edge. In: Bock, G.; Goode, J.A., eds. Ageing Vulnerability: Causes and Interventions. Novaritis Foundation Symposium, 235. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 172-201.
Lakatta, E.G. (1993), Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms in Advanced Age. Physiological Review, 73, 413-467.
Long, X.; Boluyt, M.O.; O’Neill, L., et al. (1999). Myocardial Retinoid X Receptor,Thyroid Hormone Receptor, and Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression in the Rat During Adult Aging. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 54A, B23-B27.
Lyons, D.; Roy, S.; Patel, M.; Benjamin, N.; Swift, C.G. (1997). Impaired Nitric Oxide-mediated Vasodilatation and Total Body Nitric Oxide Production in Healthy Old Age, Clinical Science, 93, 519-525.
Murry C.E.; Soonpaa, M.H.; Reinecke, H., et al. (2004). Haematopoietic Stem Cells do Not Transdifferentiate into Cardiac Myocytes in Myocardial Infarcts. Nature Cell Biology, 428, 664-668.
Neuss, M.; Crow, M.T.; Chesley, A.; Lakatta, E.G. (2001). Apoptosis in Cardiac Disease—What is it—How Does it Occur? Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 15(6), 507-523.
O’Neill, L.; Holbrook, N.J.; Fargnoli, J.; Lakatta, E.G. (1991). Progressive Changes from Young Adult Age to Senescence in mRNA for Rat Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain Genes, Cardioscience, 2, 1-5.
Orlic, D.; Kajstura, J.; Chimen, S., et al. (2001). Bone Marrow Cells Regenerate Infracted Myocardium. Nature Cell Biology, 410, 701-705.
Phaneuf, S.; Leewenburgh, C. (2002). Cytochrome c Release from Mitochondria in the Aging Heart: A Possible Mechanism for Apoptosis with Age. American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology, 282, R423-R430.
Schmidt, U.; del Monte, F.; Miyamoto, M.I., et al. (2000). Restoration of Diastolic Function in Senescent Rat Hearts Through Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca (2+)-ATPase. Circulation Research, 101, 790-796.
Spurgeon, H.A.; Steinbach, M.F.; Lakatta, E.G. (1983). Chronic Exercise Prevents Characteristic Age-related Changes in Rat Cardiac Contraction. American Journal of Physiology, 244, H5513-H518.
Tate, C.A.; Taffet, G.E.;Hudson, E.K., et al. (1990). Enhanced Calcium Uptake of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Exercise-trained Old Rats. American Journal of Physiology, 258, H431-H435.
Vila Petroff, M.G.; Kim, S.H.; Pepe, S.; Dessy, C.; Marban, E.; Balligand, J.L.; Sollott, S.J. (2001). Endogenous Nitric Oxide Mechanisms Mediate the Stretch Dependence of Ca2+ Release in Cardiomyocytes. Nature Cell Biology, 3, 867-873.
BLOOD VESSELS AND AGING: THE REST OF THE JOURNEY
Avolio, A.P.; Chen, S.G.; Wang, R.P., et al. (1983). Effects of Aging on Changing Arterial Compliance and Left Ventricular Load in a Northern Chinese Urban Community. Circulation Research, 68, 50-58.
Avolio, A.P.; Deng, F.Q.; Li, W.Q., et al. (1985). Effects of Aging on Arterial Dispensability in Populations with High and Low Prevalence of Hypertension: Comparison Between Urban and Rural Communities in China. Circulation Research, 71, 202-210.
Bagrov, A.Y.; Lakatta, E.G. (2004). The Dietary Sodium-blood Pressure Plot “Stiffens.” Hypertension, 44, 22.
Benetos, A.; Zureik, M.;Morcet, J., et al. (2000). A Decrease in Diastolic Blood Pressure Combined with an Increase in Systolic Blood Pressure is Associated with a Higher Cardiovascular Mortality in Men. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 35, 673-680.
Bertoni, A.G.;Hundley,W.G.;Massing,M.W., et al. (2004). Heart Failure Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality in the Elderly with Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27, 699-703.
Carnethon, M.R.; Gidding, S.S.;Nehgme, R.; Sidney, S.; Jacobs, D.R.; Liu, K. (2003). Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young Adulthood and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 3092-3100.
Celermajer, D.S.; Sorensen, K.E.; Spiegelhalter, D.J.; Georgakopoulos, D.; Robinson, J.; Deanfield, J.E. (1994). Aging is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Men Years Before the Agerelated Decline in Women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 24, 471-476.
Chae, C.U.; Pfeffer, M.A.; Glynn, R.J.; Mitchell, G.F.; Taylor, J.O.; Hennekens, G.H. (1999). Increased Pulse Pressure and the Risk of Heart Failure in the Elderly. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 634-639.
Cohn, J.N.; Hoke, L; Whitman, W., et al. (2003). Screening for Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease in Asymptomatic Individuals. American Heart Journal, 146, 572-580.
Csiszar, A.; Ungvari, Z.; Edwards, J.G., et al. (2002). Aging-induced Phenotypic Changes and Oxidative Stress Impair Coronary Arteriola Function. Circulation Research, 90, 1159-1166.
Edelberg, J.M.; Lee, S.H.; Kaur, M., et al. (2002). Platelet-derived Growth Factor-AB Limits the Extent of Myocardial Infarction in a Rat Model. Circulation Research, 105, 608-613.
Edelberg, J.M.; Reed, M.J. (2003). Aging and Angiogenesis. Frontiers in Bioscience, 8, 1199-1209.
Edelberg, J.M.; Tang, L.; Hattori, K.; Lyden, D.; Rafii, S. (2002). Young Adult Bone Marrowderived Endothelial Precursor Cells Restore Aging-impaired Cardiac Angiogenic Function. Circulation Research, 90, e89-e93.
Edelberg, J.M.; Xaymardan, M.; Rafii, S.; Hong, M.K. (2003). Adult Cardiac Stem Cells—Where do We Go From Here? Sci SAGE KE, pe17 http://sageke.sciencemag.org.
Fang, J.; Wylie-Rosett, J.; Cohen, H.W.; Kaplan, R.C.; Alderman, M.H. (2003). Exercise, Body Mass Index, Caloric Intake and Cardiovascular Mortality. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 283-289.
Fox, C.S.; Sullivan, L.; D’Agostino, R.B.; Wilson, P.W.F. (2004). The Significant Effect of Diabetes Duration on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality. Diabetes Care, 27, 704-708.
Franklin, S.S.; Khan, S.A.; Wong, N.D.; Larson, M.G.; Levy, D. (1999). Is Pulse Pressure Useful in Predicting Risk for Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation Research, 100, 354-360.
Gordon, P.A. (2004). Effects of Diabetes on the Vascular System: Current Research Evidence and Best Practice Recommendations. Journal of Vascular Nursing, 22, 2-11.
Havlik, R.J.; Simonsick, E.M.; Sutton-Tyrrell, K.; Newman, A., et al. (2003). Association of Physical Activity and Vascular Stiffness in 70- to 79-Year-Olds: The Health ABC Study. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 11, 156-166.
Hua, C.; Griendling, K.K.; Harrison, D.G. (2003). The Vascular NAD(P)H Oxidase as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Diseases. Trends in Pharmacological Science, 24(9), 471-478.
Itescu, S.; Schuster, M.D.; Kocher, A.A. (2003). New Directions in Strategies Using Cell Therapy for Heart Disease. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 81, 288-296.
Kass, D.A.; Shapiro, E.P.; Kawaguchi, M.; Capriotti, A.R.; Scuteri, A; deGroof, R.C.; Lakatta, E.G. (2001). Improved Arterial Compliance by a Novel Advanced Glycation End-product Crosslink Breaker. Circulation Research, 104(13), 1464-1470.
Lakatta, E.G. (2000). Research Agenda for Cardiovascular Aging: Humans to Molecules. American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 9(5), 51-262.
Lakatta, E.G.; Levy, D. (2003). Arterial and Cardiac Aging: Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular Disease Enterprises: Part I: Aging Arteries: a “Set Up” for Vascular Disease. Circulation Research, 107(1), 139-146.
Lakatta, E.G.; Sollott, S.J. (2002). Perspectives on Mammalian Cardiovascular Aging: Humans to Molecules. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 132(4), 699-721.
Lakka, H.M.; Laaksonen, D.E.; Lakka, T.A., et al. (2002). The Metabolic Syndrome and Total and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Middle-aged Men. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 2709-2716.
Lassegue, B.; Clempus, R.E. (2003). Vascular NAD(P)H Oxidases: Specific Features, Expression, and Regulation. American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 285, R277-R297.
Lesnefsky, E.J.; Moghaddas, S.; Tandler, B.; Kerner, J.; Hoppel, C.L. (2002).Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Disease: Ischemia—Reperfusion, Aging, and Heart Failure. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 33. 1065-1089.
Meaume, S.; Bentos, A.; Henry, O.F.; Rudnichi, A.; Safar, M.E. (2001). Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Subjects >70 Years of Age. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 21, 2046-2050.
Miake, J.; Marban, E.; Nuss, H.B. (2002). Biological Pacemaker Created by Gene Transfer. Nature Cellular Biology, 419, 132-133.
Nadal-Ginard, B.; Kajstura, J.; Annarosa, L.; Anversa, P. (2003). Myocyte Death, Growth and Regeneration in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure. Circulation Research, 92, 139-150.
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Newman, A.B.; Arnold, A.M.; Naydeck, B.L., et al. (2003). “Successful Aging:” Effect of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 2315-2322.
Olivetti, G.; Abbi, R.; Quaini, F.; Kajstura, J., et al. (2003). Apoptosis in the Failing Heart. New England Journal of Medicine, 336, 1131-1141.
Pastor-Barriuso, R.; Banegas, J.R.; Damian, J.; Appel, L.J.; Guallar, E. (2003). Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Pulse Pressure: An Evaluation of Their Joint Effect on Mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, 731-739.
Piepoli, M.F.; Davos, C.; Francis, D.P.; Coats, A.J. (2004). ExTraMATCH Collaborative, Exercise Training Meta-analysis of Trials in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (ExTraMATCH). British Medical Journal, 328 (7433), 189.
Pina, I.L.; Apstein, C.S.; Balady, G.J., et al. (2003). Exercise and Heart Failure: A Statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation Research, 107, 1210-1225.
Ramachandran, S.V.; Beiser, A.; Seshadri, S., et al. (2002). Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-aged Women and Men: The Framingham Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287 (8), 1003-1010.
Rasucher, F.M.; Goldschmidt-Clermont, P.J.; Davis, B.H., et al. (2003). Aging, Progenitor Cell Exhaustion, and Atherosclerosis. Circulation Research, 108, 457-463.
Sacks, F.M.; Svetkey, L.P.; Vollmer, W.M., et al. (2001). Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet. The New England Journal of Medicine, 244(1), 3-10.
Safar, M.E. (2001). Systolic Blood Pressure, Pulse Pressure, and Arterial Stiffness as Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 10, 257-261.
Scuteri, A.; Najjar, S.S.; Muller, D.C.; Andres, R.; Hougaku, H.; Metter, E.J.; Lakatta, E.G. (2004). Metabolic Syndrome Amplifies the Age-associated Increases in Vascular Thickness and Stiffness. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43 (8), 1396-1398.
Seals, D.R. (2003). Habitual Exercise and the Ageassociated Decline in Large Artery Compliance. Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, 31(2), 68-72.
Sussman, M.A.; Anversa, P. (2004). Myocardial Aging and Senescence. Annual Review of Physiology, 66, 29-48.
Sutton-Tyrrell, K.; Newman, A.; Simonsick, E.M.; Havlik, R., et al. (2001). Aortic Stiffness is Associated with Visceral Adiposity in Older Adults Enrolled in the Study of Health, Aging, and Body Composition. Hypertension, 38, 429-433.
Szmitko, P.; Fedak, W.M.; Weisel, R.D., et al. (2003). Endothelial Progenitor Cells: New Hopes for a Broken Heart. Circulation Research, 107, 3093-3100.
Tanaka, H.; DeSouza, C.A.; Seals, D.R. (1998). Absence of Age-related Increase in Central Arterial Stiffness in Physically Active Women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 18, 127-132.
Vaitkevicius, P.V.; Fleg, J.L., et al. (1993). Effects of Age and Aerobic Capacity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults. Circulation Research, 88, 1456-1462.
Vollmer, W.M.; Sacks, F.M.; Ard, J.; Appel, L.J., et al. (2001). Effects of Diet and Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure: Subgroup Analysis of the DASHsodium Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 135(12), 1019-28.
Wang, M.; Lakatta, E.G. (2002). Altered Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Aortic Remodeling During Aging. Hypertension, 39(4), 865-73.
Wang, M.; Takagi, G.; Asai, K.; Resuello, R.G.; Natividad, F.F.; Vatner, D.E.; Vatner, S.F.; Lakatta E.G. (2003). Aging Increases Aortic MMP-2 Activity and Angiotensin II in Nonhuman Primates. Hypertension, 41(6), 1308-16.
Zile, M.R.; Baicu, C.F.; Gaasch, W.H. (2004). Diastolic Heart Failure—Abnormalities in Active Relaxation and Passive Stiffness of the Left Ventricle. New England Journal of Medicine, 350, 1953-1959.
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