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Your search term(s) "diabetes mellitus and diagnosis" returned 236 results.
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Insulin Resistance and Pre-Diabetes. Bethesda, MD: National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC). 2003. 8 p.
Insulin resistance is a silent condition that increases the changes of developing diabetes and heart disease. This fact sheet describes insulin resistance and pre-diabetes and how readers can make lifestyle changes to help prevent diabetes and other health problems. Topics include the role of insulin; the interplay between insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes; the causes of insulin resistance; symptoms; metabolic syndrome; diagnostic tests used to confirm the presence of diabetes and prediabetes, including fasting blood glucose tests, glucose tolerance test, and insulin measure; strategies to reverse insulin resistance, including physical activity, appropriate weight loss, control of blood pressure, control of cholesterol levels, and stopping smoking; and the drugs that are used to improve response to insulin. One additional section briefly reports on future research projects in this area. The fact sheet concludes with a brief description of the goals and activities of the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC).
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Lost In Darknes, Depression, Diabetes, And Heart Disease. Diabetes Forecast. 56(5): 44-46. May 2003.
This article helps readers with diabetes to understand the problem of depression and the risks that having a chronic disease may contribute to any likelihood of experiencing depression. The author notes that depression may occur as a reaction to illness and changing social circumstances, such as after the onset of type 1 diabetes or a divorce, but depression also seems to have a genetic basis in some patients. The author briefly reviews the biological basis of depression, stress hormones, diagnosing depression, and treatment options. Although depression causes severe dysfunction, many people can be successfully treated by a combination of medication and by tested forms of behavioral therapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of coaching. Regular physical exercise has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms; exercise also improves blood glucose control and cardiovascular function.
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Macrovascular Disease. In: Franz, M.J., et al, eds. Core Curriculum for Diabetes Education. 5th ed. (Volume 1) Diabetes and Complications. Chicago, IL: American Association for Diabetes Educators (AADE). 2003. p. 96-122.
Among the many conditions associated with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most frequent, serious, lethal, and costly. This chapter on diabetes-associated macrovascular disease is from the first handbook of the CORE Curriculum, a publication that helps educators prepare for the Certified Diabetes Educators (CDE) exam, serves as a key reference for the Advanced Diabetes Management credential exam, and provides an authoritative source of information for diabetes education, training, and management. The author of this chapter covers the types of macrovascular disease that occur among persons with diabetes mellitus; the contribution of macrovascular disease to the overall disease and economic burden associated with diabetes mellitus; special features of macrovascular disease in persons with diabetes, including pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, detection, and treatment; risk factors that may contribute to the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of macrovascular disease in diabetes; and assessment and intervention strategies that can prevent or minimize macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. The chapter includes an introduction, a list of learning objectives, key definitions (glossary), key educational considerations, self review questions, references, and a post-test (including an answer key). 116 references.
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Macrovascular Risk and Diagnostic Criteria for Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 26(2): 485-490. February 2003.
The use of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (greater than 7.0 mmol per liter) leads to underdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes compared with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The OGTT is of limited use for population screening. Most of the increase in cardiovascular risk in relation to increasing blood glucose occurs before the threshold at which the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is made. This article reports on a study that evaluated the use of HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin, a measure of glucose over time) and FPG as predictors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk and how they can be used to develop a rational approach to screening for abnormalities of glucose tolerance. OGTT and measurement of HbA1c and FPG levels were performed in 505 subjects screened for type 2 diabetes. The subjects were aged 19 to 88 years (mean 53.8 years). The incidence of type 2 diabetes was 10.4 percent based on the OGTT and 4 percent based on the FPG levels. HbA1c testing predicted with certainty the absence or presence of type 2 diabetes as defined by the OGTT. However, the majority (75 to 85 percent) of subjects in each case had intermediate values, which were therefore nondiagnostic. The authors conclude that measurement of FPG and HbA1c levels will diagnose or exclude type 2 diabetes with certainty in a minority (15 percent) of people. There is a continuous relationship between FPG and HbA1c and cardiovascular risk. The authors also present a cost-effective approach to screening patients. 2 figures. 1 table. 29 references.
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Mastering Your Diabetes (Before Diabetes Masters You). Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. 2003. 123 p.
This book is written for patients newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Written by a diabetes health care professional who has also lived with diabetes for more than 25 years, the book covers the emotional, physical, and practical aspects of living with diabetes. Fifteen chapters cover adjusting to a diagnosis of diabetes, definition of diabetes (including the different types), the physiology of diabetes, short-term complications of high glucose levels (hyperglycemia), monitoring blood glucose levels (SMBG), medications that are used to treat diabetes, diet therapy to help manage diabetes, hypoglycemia (low blood glucose), the role of exercise, general health care recommendations, sick days, the emotional side of diabetes, long-term complications of diabetes, and how to stay motivated to maintain healthy self-care strategies. A subject index concludes the book.
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NCEP-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease Among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older. Diabetes. 52(5): 1210-1214. May 2003.
Although the individual components of the metabolic syndrome are clearly associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), the authors of this study wanted to quantify the increased prevalence of CHD among people with metabolic syndrome. The authors used the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to categorize adults over 50 years of age by presence of metabolic syndrome, with or without diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is very common, with approximately 44 percent of the United States population over 50 years of age meeting the criteria. In contrast, diabetes without metabolic syndrome is uncommon (13 percent of those with diabetes). Older Americans over 50 years of age without metabolic syndrome, regardless of diabetes status, had the lowest CHD prevalence. The prevalence of CHD markedly increased with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Among people with diabetes, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high, and those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome had the highest prevalence of CHD. 2 figures. 4 tables. 31 references.
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Nephropathy. In: Franz, M.J., et al, eds. Core Curriculum for Diabetes Education. 5th ed. (Volume 1) Diabetes and Complications. Chicago, IL: American Association for Diabetes Educators (AADE). 2003. p. 151-188.
The spectrum of renal (kidney) changes that occur in individuals with diabetes and that can not be ascribed to other causes is known as diabetic nephropathy. This chapter on diabetic nephropathy is from the first handbook of the CORE Curriculum, a publication that helps educators prepare for the Certified Diabetes Educators (CDE) exam, serves as a key reference for the Advanced Diabetes Management credential exam, and provides an authoritative source of information for diabetes education, training, and management. The authors of this chapter discuss the epidemiology (incidence and prevalence) of diabetic nephropathy and end stage renal disease (ESRD); the basic functions of the kidney; the major stages in the progression of diabetic nephropathy; diagnostic tests used to assess and monitor renal function; treatment modalities for diabetic nephropathy; treatment options for renal replacement therapy; and prevention strategies and when they should be implemented. The chapter includes an introduction, a list of learning objectives, key definitions (glossary), key educational considerations, self review questions, references, and a post-test (including an answer key). 2 figures. 7 tables. 98 references.
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Pathophysiology of the Diabetes Disease State. In: Franz, M.J., et al, eds. Core Curriculum for Diabetes Education. 5th ed. (Volume 1) Diabetes and Complications. Chicago, IL: American Association for Diabetes Educators (AADE). 2003. p. 1-18.
This chapter on pathophysiology of diabetes is from the first handbook of the CORE Curriculum, a publication that helps educators prepare for the Certified Diabetes Educators (CDE) exam, serves as a key reference for the Advanced Diabetes Management credential exam, and provides an authoritative source of information for diabetes education, training, and management. This first chapter focuses on the pathology and clinical manifestations of the multifaceted syndrome of diabetes mellitus. Topics include fuel metabolism and its hormonal control; the groups at risk for diabetes; the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus; the differences among the various forms of diabetes mellitus; the stages of development of type 1 diabetes and the implications for early intervention and prevention; and the mechanisms by which type 2 diabetes occurs, the risk factors for its development, and mechanisms for potential prevention. The chapter includes an introduction, a list of learning objectives, key definitions (glossary), key educational considerations, self review questions, references, and a post-test (including an answer key). 2 tables. 22 references.
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Peripheral Arterial Disease in People with Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 26(12): 3333-3341. October 2003.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a condition characterized by atherosclerotic (hardening of the arteries) occlusive disease of the lower extremities. While PAD is a major risk factor for lower-extremity amputation, it is also accompanied by a high likelihood for symptomatic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. This article reviews the assessment and management of PAD in people with diabetes. The article reports on a Consensus Development Conference held in May 2003 on this topic. The conference addressed four topics: the epidemiology and impact of PAD in people with diabetes; how the biology of PAD differs in people with and without diabetes; the diagnosis and evaluation of PAD in people with diabetes; and appropriate treatments for PAD in people with diabetes. Patients with PAD and diabetes may present later with more severe disease and have a greater risk of amputation. In addition, the presence of PAD is a marker of excess cardiovascular risk. The authors stress that it is important to diagnose PAD in patients with diabetes, to elicit symptoms, prevent disability and limb loss, and identify a patient at high risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. 37 references.
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Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. Totowa NJ: Humana Press. 2003. 368 p.
This textbook acquaints physicians with all aspects of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), defined as narrowing (stenosis) or blockage (occlusion) within the arteries of the lower extremities. PAD is caused by both modifiable (diabetes, smoking, hypertension) and nonmodifiable (family history, age, gender) factors. Due to the limitations of medical therapy, there is now a special emphasis on prevention of PAD and a special emphasis on risk factors and their treatment. The text includes seventeen chapters: the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the epidemiology and natural history of PAD, clinical evaluation of intermittent claudication, hemodynamics and the vascular laboratory, vascular imaging, chronic critical limb ischemia (lack of blood flow), acute limb ischemia, exercise rehabilitation for intermittent claudication, treatment of risk factors and antiplatelet therapy, pharmacotherapy for intermittent claudication, angiogenesis and gene therapy, endovascular therapy, surgical revascularization, perioperative cardiac evaluation and management for vascular surgery, special consideration for the diabetic foot, arterial vascular disease in women, atheromatous embolism, thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease), and large-vessel vasculitis. Each chapter concludes with extensive references and a subject index concludes the textbook.
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