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Your search term(s) "diabetes mellitus and diagnosis" returned 236 results.

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Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 27(Supplement 1): S5-S10. January 2004.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This article presents the position statement of the American Diabetes Association on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Topics include a definition and description of diabetes mellitus; the classification of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose regulation; and the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. The authors caution that assigning a type of diabetes to an individual often depends on the circumstances present at the time of diagnosis, and many individuals with diabetes do not easily fit into a single class. 3 tables. 4 references.

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Diagnosis of Diabetes. Bethesda, MD: National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. 2004. 6 p.

Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. People develop diabetes because the pancreas does not make enough insulin or because the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat do not use insulin properly. This fact sheet reviews the different types of diabetes and provides basic information for people who have just received a diagnosis of diabetes. Topics include type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes; gestational diabetes; pre-diabetes; diagnostic tests used to confirm diabetes; the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test; the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); the random plasma glucose test; risk factors for type 2 diabetes; who should consider being tested for diabetes; steps that can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes; and management strategies for diabetes, notably meal planning, physical activity, and medications. The body mass index (BMI) tables are included in one chart. The booklet concludes with contact information for related resource organizations and a brief summary of the activities of the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC). 4 tables.

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Diagnosis, Classification, and Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. In: Harmel, A.P. and Mathur, R. Davidson's Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Treatment. 5th ed. Orlando, FL: W.B. Saunders Company. 2004. p. 1-22.

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases that are characterized by hyperglycemia (high levels of blood glucose) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The lack of effective insulin action leads to alterations in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term dysfunction and damage of organs, including the kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. This chapter on the diagnosis, classification, and epidemiology of diabetes mellitus is from a textbook that provides readers with current information on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes, including the latest advances, medications, and research studies. This chapter defines diabetes, then discusses diabetes as a local and global epidemic, the incidence and prevalence of diabetes among specific communities, current recommended criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, alternative approaches to the diagnosis of diabetes, implications and importance of impaired glucose tolerance, the role of screening for diabetes, classification of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types, and gestational diabetes. 5 tables. 155 references.

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Don't Lose Sight of Diabetic Eye Disease: Information for People With Diabetes. Bethesda, MD: National Eye Institute. 2004. 4 p.

Diabetes is a serious disease that can cause complications such as blindness, heart disease, kidney failure, and amputations. This brochure describes how diabetes-related eye disease (diabetic retinopathy) can be treated before vision loss occurs. Written in a question-and-answer format, the brochure defines diabetic retinopathy and then covers how diabetic retinopathy causes blindness, the symptoms of this condition, risk factors, diagnostic tests used to confirm diabetic retinopathy, treatment options (laser surgery), prevention strategies, risk factors for other eye diseases (cataracts and glaucoma), and research studies being undertaken in this area. The brochure concludes by reminding readers that excellent control of diabetes is the best way to prevent and reduce diabetic retinopathy. Readers with diabetes are encouraged to have a comprehensive, dilated eye examination at least once a year. 3 figures.

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Evaluation of SET-A New Device for the Measurement of Pain Perception in Comparison to Standard Measures of Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 6(5): 601-606. October 2004.

Early detection of sensory impairment and loss of protective pain sensation is of major importance for the prevention of neuropathic foot ulceration. This article reports on a study that evaluated a new handheld device (SET, a prototype developed by Dr. W. Henniges, Zülpich, Germany) for measurement of pain perception, in comparison with established methods for diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. The study included sixty-one patients with diabetes mellitus (13 who had type 1 diabetes, 48 who had type 2; 42 men, 19 women; mean age 61.6 years plus or minus 11.6 years) underwent measurement of pain perception threshold using the new SET device and a measurement of light touch sensation, temperature sensation, and vibration sensation by the use of standard clinical devices. In addition, warm, cold, heat pain and vibration perception thresholds were determined by the use of a computer-based peltier thermode and a vibration stimulator (TSA 2001, Medoc, Ramat Yishai, Israel). Using the new SET device, patients with sensory impairment showed significantly elevated pain perception thresholds at the dorsum of the foot, while only a trend towards higher measurements could be observed at the plantar aspect of the foot. Compared with other qualities of sensory dysfunction, pain perception measurement with the SET device provided the highest sensitivity. The authors conclude that using the SET device for measurement of pain perception threshold is an easy and reliable method for identifying patients with impaired small nerve fiber function. 3 figures. 3 tables. 14 references.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical Diabetes. 23(1): 17-24. December 2004.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common condition characterized by glucose intolerance that begins or is first detected during pregnancy. GDM results from an increased severity of insulin resistance as well as an impairment of the compensatory increase in insulin secretion. This article reviews the diagnosis and care of GDM. The authors stress that the detection of GDM is important because of its associated maternal and fetal complications. The authors discuss the diagnostic criteria used for GDM, its pathogenesis, potential complications, screening guidelines, treatment options (glucose monitoring, medical nutrition therapy, exercise, insulin, oral agents), antepartum fetal assessment, peripartum considerations, and postpartum considerations. The authors conclude that treatment with medical nutrition therapy, close monitoring of glucose levels, and insulin therapy if glucose levels are above recommended levels can help to reduce these complications. In addition, certain types of exercise appear to have potential benefits in women without any contraindications. 1 table. 47 references.

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Hyperglycemic and Hypoglycemic Emergencies. In: Hormel, A.P. and Mother, R. Davidson's Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Treatment. 5th ed. Orlando, FL: W.B. Saunders Company. 2004. p. 147-187.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are profound metabolic complications of diabetes and are among the most serious acute complications, along with severe hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels). Both of the hyperglycemic (high blood glucose conditions) can occur in type 1 or type 2 diabetes, as can hypoglycemia. This chapter on hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic emergencies is from a textbook that provides readers with current information on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes, including the latest advances, medications, and research studies. This chapter addresses the pathophysiology, causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment of hyperglycemic emergencies, and outlines specific differences between DKA and HHS in these regards. The final section of this chapter focuses on hypoglycemia, its causes, manifestations, and management. 10 figures. 13 tables. 103 references.

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Medical Tests and Procedures for Finding and Treating Heart and Blood Vessel Disease. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. 2004. 2 p.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among people with diabetes, accounting for at least two out of three diabetes-related deaths. People with diabetes can reduce their cardiovascular disease risks by taking special care of their heart and blood vessels. This fact sheet on medical tests and procedures for finding and treating heart and blood vessel disease is from a set of 26 reproducible patient education handouts on topics related to diabetes CVD. In addition to regular checkups, the health care team can do special tests to check the condition of the heart and blood vessels. In patients who already have heart or blood vessel problems, the health care team can use special procedures to open up or bypass narrowed or blocked blood vessels. Choosing foods wisely, being physically active, and taking medications can also help patients to stay healthy. The fact sheet defines the angiogram (or arteriogram), angioplasty, ankle brachial index (ABI), cardiac catheterization, carotid artery surgery, chest x ray, coronary artery bypass graft, CT (computed tomography) scan, echocardiogram (ECG), electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), exercise perfusion test, exercise stress test, Holter monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear ventriculography, and PET (positron emission tomography) scan. 1 figure.

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Nutrition and Physical Activity in Diabetes. In: Harmel, A.P. and Mathur, R. Davidson's Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Treatment. 5th ed. Orlando, FL: W.B. Saunders Company. 2004. p. 49-69.

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and physical activity have been considered the cornerstones of metabolic control in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for decades. More recently, these lifestyle components have proven valuable in preventing type 2 diabetes. This chapter on nutrition and physical activity in diabetes mellitus is from a textbook that provides readers with current information on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes, including the latest advances, medications, and research studies. The author notes that the challenge for health professionals in implementing MNT and exercise guidelines is recognizing that the person with diabetes is responsible for 99 percent of the day-to-day management of diabetes, and ultimately makes the choice of what, when, and how much to eat and exercise. Helping patients prioritize strategies and develop critical thinking to problem solve around day-to-day hassles of diabetes is crucial to achieving metabolic control. Topics include healthy eating, glycemic control, body weight, minimizing weight gain, calorie restriction and weight, nutrient composition and weight, exercise and weight, carbohydrates, quantity of carbohydrate, type of carbohydrate and glycemic index, carbohydrate counting, physical activity and glycemic control, protein and renal (kidney) function, fat and cardiovascular risk, and alcohol. 1 figure. 3 tables. 106 references.

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Overview of Diabetes and Its Management. Timonium, MD: Available from Milner-Fenwick, Inc.. 2004. [CD-ROM Instructional Program]

This CD-ROM, recently updated to reflect the newest information about medications, pre-diabetes, diabetes and heart disease, and healthy behaviors, provides a 'lecture in a box,' designed to be used in diabetes education programs. The publication includes 112 full-color slides that cover ten important topic areas: introduction, diagnosis and goals, management, healthy food choices, physical activity, medications, short-term complications, sick day management, long-term complications, and diabetes and emotions. The CD-ROM includes leader's notes that are designed to help educators communicate key concepts to patients, community audiences, or healthcare professionals. The CD-ROM uses PowerPoint format, offering the flexibility to combine slides with other resources and create presentations for any setting. The leader's notes are provided in both a Word rich text format file and a PDF file. This program is available in either English or Spanish.

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