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Your search term(s) "diabetes mellitus and diagnosis" returned 236 results.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and its Metabolic Complications. IN: Obesity and Diabetes. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 2006. pp. 255-276.

This chapter on polycystic ovary syndrome and its metabolic complications is from a comprehensive textbook on obesity and diabetes. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder with multiple potential etiologies and variable clinical presentations whose pathogenesis remains poorly understood. PCOS is characterized by clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism and chronic annovulation. The syndrome is also associated with insulin resistance, obesity, increased risk of diabetes mellitus, and, possibly, cardiovascular disease (CVD). The authors review the pathophysiology, metabolic complications, and treatment of PCOS. Treatment strategies discussed include weight loss, the use of antiandrogens (spironolocatone, flutamide), oral contraceptive agents, and insulin sensitizers (metformin, thiazolidinediones, d-chiro-inositol). The authors note that obesity is present is approximately half of the patients with PCOS and obesity contributes to the disorder by increasing the magnitude of hyperandrogenism and the rates of anovulatory cycles and infertility. Treatments directed at the reduction of hyperinsulinemia reduce symptoms of PCOS and restore normal ovarian function in obese women with PCOS. 2 figures. 4 tables. 153 references.

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Sexual Function And Diabetes. IN: Katsilambros, N., et al. Diabetes in Clinical Practice: Questions and Answers From Case Studies. Somerset, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. 2006. pp 251-260.

This chapter on sexual function and diabetes is from a book that deals with various aspects of diabetes in clinical practice, presented in the form of questions concerning diabetes diagnosis, management, and therapy, all based on real-life case studies. Topics covered include the repercussions of diabetes mellitus (DM) in sexual life, including erectile dysfunction and its management, and ejaculation disturbances; the role of vascular disease risk factors; sexual problems in women with diabetes; and the use of oral contraceptive pills in women with diabetes, including the risk of complications such as thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism. The chapter presents three detailed case studies, with relevant questions posed and answered. Readers are walked through the diagnostic and patient care management process for the case studies presented. 6 references.

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Skin Disorders in Diabetes. IN: Katsilambros, N., et al. Diabetes in Clinical Practice: Questions and Answers From Case Studies. Somerset, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. 2006. pp 243-250.

This chapter on skin disorders in diabetes is from a book that deals with various aspects of diabetes in clinical practice, presented in the form of questions concerning diabetes diagnosis, management, and therapy, all based on real-life case studies. Topics covered include the main skin manifestations of diabetes mellitus (DM), including diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, diabetic bullae, periungual telangiectasia, and skin infections; cutaneous manifestations that are associated with chronic complications of DM, including skin infections and ulcers; cutaneous manifestations that occur in other endocrine and metabolic disorders that are related to DM, including acanthosis nigricans, eruptive xanthomata, and vitiligo; and skin disorders associated with complications of DM treatment, including reactions to insulin and oral antidiabetes medications. Readers are walked through the diagnostic and patient care management process for patients with skin manifestations associated with diabetes. The chapter is illustrated with black-and-white photographs. 7 figures. 4 references.

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Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2006, Part 2: Diabetes Care. Practical Diabetology. 25(2): 8-34. 2006.

This second installment of the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2006) covers diabetes care, including initial evaluation, management, glycemic control, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), glycosylated hemoglobin testing (HbA1c), medical nutrition therapy, weight management, diabetes self-management education (DSME), physical activity, psychosocial assessment and care, referral for diabetes management, intercurrent illness, hypoglycemia recommendations, and immunization recommendations. MNT issues covered include dietary carbohydrate, dietary protein, dietary fats, optimal macronutrient mix, fiber, reduced-calorie sweeteners, antioxidants, chromium, and alcohol. In each section, the guidelines review the recommended health care and focus on the role of the members of the health care team, including the patient. 81 references.

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Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes: 2006. Practical Diabetology. 25(1): 20-31. March 2006.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) updates the Standards of Medical Care for Diabetes on an annual basis. In most years, the revisions are relatively minor and are published in a supplement to the journal Diabetes Care in January. In 2006, several major sections have been added or have had major modifications, including the sections on Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), Exercise, Diabetes Self-Management Education, Point-of-Care assays for hemoglobin A1C, and Diabetic Neuropathy. This article presents the first four sections of the Standards of Medical Care (the remaining sections will be published throughout 2006): Classification and Diagnosis, Screening for Diabetes, Detection and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes. Each section lists recommendations and some sections have editorial comments appended. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. 4 tables. 17 references.

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Treatment of Onycholycosis in Diabetic Patients. Clinical Diabetes. 24(4): 160-166. Fall 2006.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail that is estimated to cause up to 50 percent of all nail problems and 30 percent of all cutaneous fungal infections. Onychomycosis is more common in people with diabetes than in people without diabetes. The infection causes more than cosmetic problems and increases the risk of serious complications from the disease, including limb amputations. This article reviews the various diagnosis and treatment options available for onychomycosis with a focus on managing patients with diabetes who have this fungal infection. The authors note that patients with diabetes-related comorbidities are at especially increased risk of morbidity in onychomycosis. The authors discuss the clinical presentation and diagnosis, the differential diagnosis, laboratory tests that may be used to confirm diagnosis, topical antifungal creams, oral drug therapy, combination therapy, the use of nail removal and surgical avulsion, and the role of patient education. Currently, the most effective therapy is 250 milligrams of oral terbinafine daily for 12 weeks, possibly with concomitant topical therapy with a nail lacquer, such as amorolfine or ciclopirox. Patient education, including proper foot and toe examinations, is essential to prevent relapses and complications. One table summarizes the organisms targeted, dosage, length of treatment, common side effects, common drug interactions, and other concerns regarding the drugs used for treating onychomycosis, including griseofulvin, fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine. 1 table. 61 references.

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Type 2 Diabetes in Childhood: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Prevention, And Treatment. IN: Opara, E., ed. Nutrition and Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2006. pp 177-204.

This chapter about type 2 diabetes in childhood is from a textbook that highlights the link between the problems of obesity and diabetes mellitus. The author discusses controversies related to the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in childhood; delineates factors that play important roles in disease pathogenesis; describes potential complications that may arise in the short and long terms; and outlines approaches to disease prevention and treatment. Specific topics include the roles of dietary nutrients and exercise in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; complications of type 2 diabetes, including symptoms and acute complications, hypertension, atherogenesis, and cardiovascular disease; prevention strategies, including lifestyle intervention, drugs that limit nutrient absorption, insulin suppressors and sensitizers; and drug therapies used to treat type 2 diabetes. The author notes that in obese subjects, moderate reductions in body-fat mass can reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Even relatively small reductions of 5 to 10 percent of body mass index (BMI) may increase insulin sensitivity, enhance glucose tolerance, improve measures of cardiovascular health, and reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. The chapter includes black-and-white illustrations and a lengthy list of references. 5 figures. 4 tables. 90 references.

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Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy. Lupus Newslink. 18: 13-17. Summer 2006.

This article, from a newsletter for people with lupus erythematosus, describes peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a failure of the nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord. This results in pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles. The author discusses the causes, incidence and risk factors for PN (including diabetes mellitus), the typical symptoms, movement difficulties, autonomic symptoms (affecting involuntary or semi-voluntary functions such as control of internal organs and blood pressure), diagnostic tests that can be used to confirm the presence of PN, treatment strategies, safety issues, support groups, prognosis, and complications. The author concludes that all people can reduce the risk of neuropathy through a balanced diet, drinking alcohol only in moderation, and maintaining good control of diabetes and other medical problems. 2 figures. 1 table.

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What I Need to Know About Gestational Diabetes. Bethesda, MD: National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, 2006. 18 p.

Gestational diabetes is defined as diabetes that is diagnosed for the first time when a woman is pregnant. This booklet, written in nontechnical language, answers common questions about gestational diabetes. Topics covered include the causes, risk factors, when pregnant women usually undergo diagnostic tests for gestational diabetes, the tests used to confirm the condition, how gestational diabetes can affect mother and baby, treatment strategies, how to monitor blood glucose levels, other tests that can be done at home, what to expect after the baby is born, and how to prevent or delay getting type 2 diabetes later in life. The booklet concludes with contact details for resource organizations and publications where readers can get more information. A final section summarizes the activities of the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. The booklet is illustrated with black-and-white line drawings. 7 figures. 2 tables.

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American Dietetic Association Guide to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Chicago, IL: American Dietetic Association. 2005. 190 p.

This guide provides a resource for health professionals involved in the care of women who develop diabetes during their pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus, or GDM). The guide helps readers to promote sound nutrition principles in GDM and achieve optimal outcomes for the woman and her infant. The book offers 10 chapters: historical background, the pathophysiology of GDM, classification, screening and diagnosis issues, maternal and fetal complications associated with GDM, maternal and fetal testing in pregnancy, medical nutrition therapy, medications and supplements, additional concerns in pregnancy complicated by GDM, cultural issues in diabetes management in pregnancy, and postpartum considerations. Each chapter notes a list of learning objectives, includes a summary of the concepts presented, and concludes with an extensive list of references. The book includes three appendixes: forms; case studies; and the energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat content of selected foods. A glossary of terms and subject index conclude the volume.

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