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Fever, if present, usually resolves in 2-3 days, and diarrhea usually resolves in 3-7 days. The stool is usually positive for leukocytes and sometimes positive for blood. Rare complications are pseudoappendicitis and toxic megacolon. [PPID, p. 2644] Septicemia may lead to skin infection, septic arthritis, cholecystitis, endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, pericarditis, pyelonephritis, or pneumonia. Salmonellosis is commonly transmitted by food (milk, eggs, meat, and poultry) contaminated by infected animals. Fruits and vegetables may be contaminated during slicing. Only about 1% of cases are reported. Person-to-person, fecal-oral transmission occurs; also transmitted by contaminated water and pets (turtles, iguanas, and chicks). Risk factors include HIV infection or other immunosuppressed state, achlorhydria, and sickle-cell disease. [CCDM, p. 469-73] Other reservoirs are fish/shellfish, horses, rabbits, and primates. [PPID, p. 3632-3] Pus and occult blood in stool are common findings. [ID, p. 624] |
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