What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a group of manufactured chemical compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. This group includes CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, and many forms of Freon. They are colorless, odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable, and stable when emitted. When they are emitted and reach the stratosphere, they break apart and release chlorine atoms, which destroy the earth’s ozone layer. CFCs can last for more than 100 years in the stratosphere. Because they destroy the ozone layer, CFCs have been banned from production in the United States since December 31, 1995. Only recycled and stockpiled CFCs can now be used on a limited basis. 

CFCs are also a “greenhouse gas” because they absorb heat in the atmosphere, sending some of the absorbed heat back to the surface of the earth and contributing to global warming. 

Before CFCs were banned, they were used in aerosols, refrigerators, air conditioners in homes, vehicles and businesses, fire extinguishers, insulating foams, styrofoam food packaging, and cleaning and electronic solvents. 

CFCs are still used in inhalers to control asthma, but this use will not be allowed after 2008. They may also be used in research.

You can be exposed to CFCs if you use an inhaler that contains CFCs, use older window air conditioners that contain CFCs, or drive an older car with an air conditioner that contains CFCs. If you use an older refrigerator that contains CFCs, you can be exposed if the CFCs leak out of the refrigerator. Older appliances and vehicles need to be carefully handled for safe disposal of the CFCs they contain. 

At work, you can be exposed to CFCs if you work in a facility that manufactures inhalers, or recycles CFCs in unit or car air conditioners. You can be exposed if you work at a facility that has permission to use recycled or stockpiled CFCs, or conducts research that uses them.

Direct exposure to some types of CFCs can cause unconsciousness, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat. It can also cause confusion, drowsiness, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing, and eye redness and pain. Direct skin contact with some types of CFCs can cause frostbite or dry skin. 

When CFCs destroy the ozone layer, harmful ultraviolet rays reach the earth. Exposure to increased ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems.

If you think your health has been affected by exposure to CFCs, contact your health care professional.

Locations where Chlorofluorocarbons may be found
City	Farm	Town	U.S.-Mexico Border	Port
Climate Change	Climate Change	Climate Change	Climate Change	Climate Change

Last Updated: November 06, 2008