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Your search term(s) "pyelonephritis" returned 48 results.

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Bacterial Infections of the Genitourinary Tract. IN: Tanagho, E.; McAninch, J., eds. Smith’s General Urology. 16th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2008. pp 193-218.

This chapter about bacterial infections of the genitourinary tract is from an updated edition of a comprehensive textbook about urology that offers an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders common to the genitourinary tract. The author notes that urinary tract infection (UTI) is a term that is applied to a variety of clinical conditions ranging from the asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine to severe infection of the kidney with resultant sepsis. The chapter discusses epidemiology, pathogenesis, host defenses, causative pathogens, diagnosis, antibiotics, clinical presentation, and the conditions of acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal abscesses, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis, acute cystitis, recurrent UTI, malakoplakia, acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, granulomatous prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis. A final section considers UTI in special circumstances, including UTI in women who are pregnant, people with HIV, and people with diabetes mellitus. The chapter is illustrated with numerous black-and-white drawings and photographs. 7 figures. 9 tables. 184 references.

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Urinary Diversion and Bladder Substitution. IN: Konety, B.R.; et al. Smith’s General Urology. 17th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2008. pp 388-403.

This chapter about urinary diversion and bladder substitution is from an updated edition of a comprehensive textbook about urology that offers an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders common to the genitourinary tract. Selected patients with lower urinary tract cancers or severe functional or anatomic abnormalities of the bladder may require urinary diversion. This diversion is most often accomplished by incorporating various intestinal segments into the urinary tract to create urinary reservoirs or conduits. The authors categorize individual methods of urinary diversion by the segment of intestine used and by whether the method provides complete continence or simply acts as a conduit carrying urine from the kidney or ureter to the skin, where the urine is collected in an appliance attached to the skin. The chapter covers preoperative counseling and preparation, the intestinal conduit urinary diversion, continent urinary diversions and bladder substitution, postoperative care, and complications, including metabolic and nutritional disorders, stomal complications, continence and urinary function concerns, pyelonephritis and renal deterioration, and calculi. The chapter is illustrated with numerous black-and-white drawings and photographs. The chapter concludes with an extensive list of references, categorized by topic. 9 figures. 1 table. 57 references.

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Vesicoureteral Reflux. IN: Tanagho, E.; McAninch, J., eds. Smith’s General Urology. 17th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill. 2008. pp 179-192.

This chapter about vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is from an updated edition of a comprehensive textbook about urology that offers an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders common to the genitourinary tract. The author notes that the normal physiology of the ureterovesical junction allows urine to enter the bladder but prevents urine from returning back into the ureter, particularly at the time of voiding. This protects the kidney from high pressure in the bladder and from contamination with urine. The author describes the anatomy and physiology of the ureterovesical junction, the causes of VUR, voiding dysfunction associated with VUR, complications associated with VUR, incidence, symptoms, laboratory findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment of VUR. Specific conditions considered include Eagle-Barrett syndrome, also known as prune belly syndrome; iatrogenic causes of VUR; pyelonephritis; and hydroureteronephrosis. The author concludes that, in patients with VUR who are judged to have fairly competent valves, conservative therapy is highly successful in curing reflux and preventing infection. Patients with less-competent valves who undergo surgical repair also have an excellent prognosis. The chapter is illustrated with numerous black-and-white drawings and photographs. 9 figures. 77 references.

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Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection) in Adults Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2007. 2 p.

This fact sheet describes pyelonephritis in adults, a kidney infection usually caused by bacteria that have spread from the bladder. Written in a question-and-answer format, the fact sheet reviews the causes of pyelonephritis, the symptoms of this condition, possible complications, diagnostic tests used to confirm pyelonephritis, and treatment strategies, notably the use of antibiotics. The fact sheet cautions that severe or recurrent bouts of pyelonephritis may cause permanent kidney damage and lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The fact sheet includes the contact details for the American Urological Association Foundation, through which readers can get more information and a description of the goals and activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse.

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Candiduria. IN: Eardley, I., et al, eds. Drug Treatment in Urology. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2006. pp. 149-158.

This chapter on candiduria is from a book that offers a comprehensive summary of the role of pharmacology in urology. The author notes that Candida species are the main fungal species commonly associated with urethritis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis. After an introductory section, the author covers epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for asymptomatic candiduria, Candida cystitis, ascending pyelonephritis and Candida urosepsis, and renal and disseminated candidiasis. The author stresses that fungal infections should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of filling defects in the urinary collecting system. 3 tables. 25 references.

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Infections of the Urinary Tract. IN: Kellogg Parsons, J.; James Wright, E., eds. Brady Urology Manual. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 1-17.

This chapter about infections of the urinary tract is from a reference handbook that offers a comprehensive overview of urology, presented in outline and bulleted formats for ease of access in the busy health care world of hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics. The author reviews bladder infections, including uncomplicated cystitis, recurrent uncomplicated cystitis, complicated cystitis, pyocystitis, and emphysematous cystitis; and kidney infections, including acute and chronic pyelonephritis, acute lobar nephronia, pyonephrosis, and emphysematous pyelonephritis. The chapter covers prostatitis, the importance of screening pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria, fungal infections of the urinary tract, and atypical infections of the genitourinary tract, including tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, echinococcosis, and filariasis. The chapter includes a summary and a review of general principles and describes presentation and epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment options for each condition considered. The chapter concludes with a list of references for additional reading. 22 references.

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Urinary Tract Infections and Vesico-Ureteral Reflux in Children. IN: Hogg, R., ed. Kidney Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Global Perspective of Clinical Practice. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 139-152.

This chapter about urinary tract infections (UTI) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is from a textbook that presents a global perspective of clinical practice regarding kidney disorders in children and adolescents. The author notes that UTI is one of the most common bacterial infections during childhood. UTI can involve the kidneys and result in acute pyelonephritis, with subsequent risk for permanent renal injury, notably scarring, and possible deterioration of renal function and hypertension in later life. Renal scarring may be avoided, or reduced in many patients, by early treatment and investigation of predisposing factors such as obstruction and VUR. The author discusses pathophysiology, predisposing factors for UTI, risk factors for renal scarring, malformations, bacterial virulence factors, signs and symptoms in different age groups, lower versus upper UTI, asymptomatic bacteriuria, urine testing, blood tests, ultrasonography, scintigraphy, antibacterial treatment, prophylaxis, evaluation for residual urine and bladder dysfunction, surgical treatment of VUR, circumcision, and the long-term course and outcome of UTI. Readers are encouraged to individualize patient care and to be particularly vigilant for early diagnosis of pyelonephritis in infants. The chapter includes black-and-white illustrations and photographs and concludes with an extensive list of references. 7 figures. 10 tables. 22 references.

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Urinary Tract Infections. IN: Nilsson, K.R.; Piccini, J.P., eds. Osler Medical Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. 2006. pp. 663-671.

This chapter on urinary tract infections (UTI) is from a handbook that provides the essentials of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the latest in evidence-based medicine, for residents working bedside, in-patient care. The chapter begins with a presentation of essential Fast Facts and concludes with Pearls and Pitfalls useful to the practicing internist. The body of the chapter is divided into sections: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Specific topics covered in this chapter include the symptoms of acute cystitis and acute pyelonephritis; the diagnostic tests used to confirm UTI in women and in men; the causative pathogens for uncomplicated UTIs, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus faecalis; the common practice of empiric treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women, using a 3-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX); and the treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis on an outpatient basis with an oral fluoroquinolone unless there is persistent high fever, in ability to tolerate oral intake, nausea and vomiting, or high white blood cell count. The chapter concludes with a list of references, each labeled with a 'strength of evidence' grade to help readers determine the type of research available in that reference source. 2 figures. 2 tables. 23 references.

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Facts About Kidney Disease. Rockville, MD: American Kidney Fund. 2005. 8 p.

This brochure provides basic information about kidney disease. Topics include the anatomy and physiology of kidneys, common kidney diseases, risks for kidney disease, the symptoms of kidney disease, diagnostic tests used to confirm kidney disease, treatments for kidney failure, and prevention of kidney disease. Kidney diseases discussed include chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can occur from many different causes, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), kidney infections (pyelonephritis), simple kidney cysts, kidney cancer, and the nephritic syndrome. Diagnostic tests described include glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine tests, blood pressure monitoring, blood glucose testing, kidney biopsy, and imaging tests (CT, MRI). Treatment options include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Readers are encouraged to contact the American Kidney Fund (AKF) HelpLine (800–638–8299 or HelpLine@kidneyfund.org). The brochure is illustrated with black-and-white photographs. 5 figures.

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Lo que se Debe Saber Sobre la Enfermedad Renal [Facts About Kidney Disease]. Rockville, MD: American Kidney Fund. 2005. 8 p.

This Spanish language brochure provides basic information about kidney disease. Topics include the anatomy and physiology of kidneys, common kidney diseases, risks for kidney disease, the symptoms of kidney disease, diagnostic tests used to confirm kidney disease, treatments for kidney failure, and prevention of kidney disease. Kidney diseases discussed include chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can occur from many different causes, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), kidney infections (pyelonephritis), simple kidney cysts, kidney cancer, and the nephritic syndrome. Diagnostic tests described include glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine tests, blood pressure monitoring, blood glucose testing, kidney biopsy, and imaging tests (CT, MRI). Treatment options include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Readers are encouraged to contact the American Kidney Fund (AKF) HelpLine (800–638–8299 or HelpLine@kidneyfund.org). The brochure is illustrated with black-and-white photographs. 5 figures.

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