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Tox Town - Environmental health concerns and toxic chemicals where you live, work, and play
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What is a landfill?

A legal, sanitary landfill is a land disposal site for non-hazardous household solid waste, where the waste is spread in compacted layers. Landfills are primarily regulated by state, tribal, and local governments. They are located, designed, operated, monitored, closed, cleaned up, and financed to meet federal standards. 

Two major contaminants in landfills are leachate, which is the liquid from natural moisture that runs through the waste, and landfill gas, which is primarily made of methane. Landfill gas can also include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, volatile organic compounds and hazardous air pollutants such as benzene, toluene, and vinyl chloride.
Human exposure to landfill gas can cause respiratory problems, central nervous system damage, and cancer. Landfill gas can also travel under the soil surface, accumulate in enclosed structures, and catch on fire. 

A legal landfill is different from an unregulated, illegal dump, where wastes are disposed of without a permit. Illegal dumping is also called open dumping, fly dumping, or midnight dumping when materials are dumped in open areas, from vehicles along roads, or late at night. 

Illegally dumped materials can include construction waste, automobiles, auto parts, scrap tires, appliances, furniture, and medical waste. Scrap tires and bulky items may be illegally dumped because they are banned from landfills and their proper disposal may be expensive. 

Illegal dumps can cause not only the same human health risks as landfills, but also other health threats. Rodents, insects, and other disease-carrying pests are attracted to dump sites. Polluted water runoff from dump sites can contaminate wells and other sources of drinking water. Disease-carrying mosquitoes can breed in the rain water that collects inside discarded tires.


Web Links from MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine)
Environmental Health
Hazardous Waste

More Links
Landfill Gas and How It Affects Public Health, Safety, and the Environment (Environmental Protection Agency)
Solid Waste Landfills (Environmental Protection Agency)

Chemicals in Landfills
Are these chemicals in MY environment?
Acetone
Ammonia
Arsenic
Asbestos
Benzene
Chlorine
Chromium
Diesel
Formaldehyde
Gasoline
Lead
Mercury
Particulate Matter
Perchloroethylene
Pesticides
Phthalates
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Propane
Solvents
Toluene
Volatile Organic Compounds


Last Updated: October 28, 2008

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