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Your search term(s) "cystic disease" returned 15 results.
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Kidney Dysplasia. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2008. 6 p.
This fact sheet describes kidney dysplasia, a condition in which the internal structures of one or both of a baby’s kidneys do not develop normally. Fluid-filled sacs called cysts replace normal kidney tissue. Kidney dysplasia usually happens in only one kidney. A baby with one working kidney can grow normally and has few, if any, health problems. Babies with kidney dysplasia affecting both kidneys generally do not survive pregnancy. Those who do survive need dialysis and a kidney transplant very early in life. Written in a question-and-answer format, the fact sheet explains how kidney dysplasia happens, the causes of kidney dysplasia, the signs or complications of kidney dysplasia, how kidney dysplasia is diagnosed, treatment strategies, and the long-term outlook for a child with kidney dysplasia. The fact sheet includes a list of questions for parents to ask their health care provider about the child’s kidney dysplasia and related problems. The author notes that kidney dysplasia may have genetic causes and is often part of several genetic syndromes that affect other body systems. Children and adults with only one working kidney should have regular checkups for high blood pressure and kidney damage. A final section of the fact sheet briefly notes the importance of ongoing research studies. The fact sheet includes contact information for four resource organizations and concludes with a brief description of the goals and activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 3 figures.
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Medullary Sponge Kidney. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 2008. 6 p.
This fact sheet describes medullary sponge kidney (MSK), a birth defect of the tubules inside the kidneys. In a normal kidney, urine flows through these tubules as it is being formed. In MSK, tiny sacs called cysts form in the medulla, the inner part of the kidney, creating a spongelike appearance. The cysts keep urine from flowing freely through the tubules. Written in a question-and-answer format, the fact sheet explains how the kidneys function and discusses the signs and symptoms of MSK, how MSK is diagnosed, and treatment strategies. Although MSK is present at birth, most cases do not appear to be inherited. Problems caused by MSK include hematuria, or blood in the urine; kidney stones; and urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, these problems do not usually appear until the person is in his or her 30s or 40s. Diagnosis of MSK may require a type of x ray called an intravenous pyelogram. Once the condition is diagnosed, treatment focuses on curing UTIs, removing kidney stones, and preventing recurrent infections and stones. A final section of the fact sheet briefly notes the importance of ongoing research studies. The fact sheet includes contact information for four resource organizations: the American Association of Kidney Patients at 1–800–749–2257 or www.aakp.org, the American Kidney Fund at 1–800–638–8299 or www.kidneyfund.org, the Life Options Rehabilitation Resource Center at 1–800–468–7777 or www.lifeoptions.org, and the National Kidney Foundation at 1–800–622–9010 or www.kidney.org. The fact sheet concludes with a brief description of the goals and activities of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. 3 figures.
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Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. IN: Hogg, R., ed. Kidney Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Global Perspective of Clinical Practice. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 35-52.
This chapter about congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract is from a textbook that presents a global perspective of clinical practice regarding kidney disorders in children and adolescents. The author stresses that congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract are an important cause of morbidity and, occasionally, mortality in children. Topics covered include development of the renal tract, antenatally detected urinary tract abnormalities (AUTAs), antenatal intervention, investigations, renal agenesis, renal fusion and ectopia, duplex systems, renal dysplasia and hypoplasia, multicystic dysplastic kidney, pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction, vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), posterior urethral valves (PUV), neuropathic bladder, renal cystic disease, familial nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease complex, autosomal dominant medullary cystic kidney disease, medullary sponge kidney, and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The author concludes that the use of antenatal ultrasound has resulted in increasing numbers of asymptomatic infants being referred for postnatal investigations and has changed perceptions of the natural history of many conditions. Pediatricians and nephrologists will have an increasing role to play in the ongoing monitoring process of children with these congenital conditions. The chapter includes black-and-white illustrations and photographs and concludes with an extensive list of references. 16 figures. 2 tables. 26 references.
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Cystic Diseases of the Kidney. IN: Kellogg Parsons, J.; James Wright, E., eds. Brady Urology Manual. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2006. pp 107-114.
This chapter about cystic diseases of the kidney is from a reference handbook that offers a comprehensive overview of urology, presented in outline and bulleted formats for ease of access in the busy health care world of hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics. The author notes that simple renal cyst is a common, benign condition that is usually detected incidentally. The chapter covers general information, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of simple renal cyst, acquired renal cystic disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The Bosniak classification system is recommended to distinguish simple cysts from complex renal cysts and cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Acquired renal cystic disease occurs in patients with kidney failure and is characterized by bilateral cortical and/or medullary cysts. ADPKD is an inherited disease of the collecting duct characterized by multiple large renal cysts, progressive renal insufficiency, and extrarenal manifestations, including hepatic cysts and cerebral artery aneurysm. Treatment for ADPKD and ARPKD is supportive care. The chapter concludes with a list of references for additional reading. 19 references.
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PKD Patient's Manual: Understanding and Living with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Kansas City, MO: Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation. 2006. 33 p.
This booklet provides information about autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to those who have the disease, those who are at risk due to an affected family member, and people who care about someone who has been diagnosed with ADPKD. The primary manifestation of ADPKD is cysts in the kidney, cysts as well as other abnormalities can occur in other areas of the body. Written in a question-and-answer format, this booklet covers the epidemiology of ADPKD, symptoms, genetics and inheritance, the ADPKD genes, screening tests for ADPKD, kidney anatomy and function, cysts and their impact on the kidney, high blood pressure (hypertension), weight loss, exercise, sodium, potassium, tobacco use, acute and chronic pain in ADPKD, blood in the urine, urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, liver cysts, dialysis and transplantation, mitral valve prolapse, intracranial aneurysms, hernias, diverticula, pregnancy, diet therapy, fluids, caffeine, children with ADPKD, symptoms of kidney failure, and common tests that are done to diagnose and monitor cystic disease. The booklet concludes with a list of resource organizations through which readers can get more information. 12 figures. 1 table. 2 references.
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Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney: Conservative Management and Follow-Up. Renal Failure. 27(2): 189-192. 2005.
This article reports on the authors’ experience in the conservative management of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) disease. The authors describe the care of 35 children, 18 male and 17 female, who were diagnosed with MCDK between 1992 and 2003 and followed at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital. The authors performed static scintigraphy with dimercaptosuccinic acid and micturating cystourethrogram in all patients; ultrasound was performed every 3 months, then annually. Mean age at diagnosis during the postnatal period was 2.4 days. Follow-up ultrasound examinations showed partial involution in 17 patients (48.6 percent) and complete involution in 13 (37.1 percent); 5 (14.3 percent) showed an unchanged size without any pathological manifestations. The mean age at complete or partial involution of the lesion was 43.7 months. No child developed complications such as hypertension or tumors, and all maintained normal growth and development. The authors conclude that MCDK lesions are often benign, and the affected kidneys tend to show involution with time. 2 figures. 2 tables. 26 references.
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Options for Patients with Kidney Failure. IN: Danovitch, G.M. Handbook of Kidney Transplantation. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2005. pp. 1-22.
This chapter, from a handbook that offers a practical guide for health care providers who manage kidney transplant patients, outlines the current treatment options for patients with kidney failure. The authors stress that for most patients with kidney failure, kidney transplantation has the greatest potential for restoring a healthy, productive life. However, virtually all transplant recipients have been exposed, at least to some extent, to the adverse consequences of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This must be taken into consideration when planning for renal replacement therapy. The authors review the stages of CKD, demographics of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, long-term complications of dialysis (anemia, renal osteodystrophy, uremic neuropathy, amyloidosis, acquired cystic disease, cancer of the kidney and urinary tract, dialysis access failure), transplantation considerations including patient survival, and choosing an appropriate renal replacement therapy. 6 figures. 3 tables. 16 references.
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Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease Type 1 in a Large Native-American Kindred. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 44(4): 611-617. October 2004.
Autosomal dominant medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 (MCKD1) is a hereditary tubulointerstitial renal disease. This article reports on the difficulties of establishing the diagnosis of MCKD in a large Native American kindred solely by means of clinical criteria. The authors report on a study of 50 individuals from a large Native American family in North Carolina with apparent autosomal dominant nephropathy (kidney disease). Haplotype (genetic) analysis for 34 individuals was performed. The results in this kindred show a wider range of age of disease onset than previously reported. Gout and hypertension were common, but no patient reported symptoms of salt wasting. The authors found that establishing a diagnosis of MCKD solely on clinical findings is difficult because signs and symptoms may be subtle, renal cysts may be absent in more than 50 percent of affected individuals, and renal histological abnormalities are nonspecific. In patients presenting with renal insufficiency from apparent interstitial disease, a thorough family history and genetic linkage studies are required to establish a diagnosis of MCKD. The authors conclude that MCKD is underdiagnosed and the true incidence of MCKD1 in the general population may be underestimated. No further living-related transplantation should be performed until genetic testing can exclude potentially affected donors. 2 figures. 3 tables. 20 references.
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Natural History of Multicystic Kidney Conservatively Managed: A Prospective Study. Pediatric Nephrology. 19(10): 1102-1107. October 2004.
This article reports on a study of the long-term clinical results of conservative management of children with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK). Between 1989 and 2002, 43 children with MCDK detected by prenatal ultrasonography were prospectively followed. Follow-up ultrasound (US) examinations were performed at 6-month intervals during the first 2 years of life and yearly thereafter. The mean follow-up time was 42 months (range 12 to 156 months). Two children developed hypertension (high blood pressure) during follow-up. US scans demonstrated partial involution of the MCDK in 30 cases (70 percent) and complete involution in 8 cases (19 percent). The absolute MCDK length remained almost unchanged in 5 children (11 percent). A total of 33 (76.7 percent) contralateral kidneys underwent compensatory hypertrophy (the uninvolved kidneys grew larger to compensate for the kidney damaged by MCDK), reaching a renal length above the 95th percentile during follow-up. The authors conclude that the natural history of MCDK is usually benign but patients must have long-term follow-up with US scans and blood pressure measurements. 3 figures. 1 table. 35 references.
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Medullary Sponge Kidney. Danbury, CT: National Organization for Rare Disorders. 2003. 7 p.
This fact sheet describes medullary sponge kidney, a hereditary congenital defect characterized by dilation (widening) of the terminal collecting ducts in the kidneys. Often small calcium oxalate stones appear in these ducts. This condition may affect one or both kidneys. The condition is also known as sponge kidney, tubular ectasia, and Cacchi-Ricci disease. The fact sheet describes symptoms, causes, standard and investigational therapies for medullary sponge kidney. A list of resources is provided. 12 references.
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Natural History of Simple Renal Cysts. Journal of Urology. 167(1): 21-23. January 2002.
Although simple renal (kidney) cysts are common in older patients, little is known about their natural history. This article reports on a study that examined the natural history of renal cysts by investigating the prevalence and sequential changes in their size and number in individuals. The authors collected data on 14,314 individuals who participated in a multiphasic health screening program at the authors' institute in 1999. An ultrasound renal cyst prevalence survey was performed. As a longitudinal study, 45 patients with renal cysts were followed a mean of 6 years from January 1993 to December 1999. In the prevalence survey, 1,700 individuals (11.9 percent) had at least 1 renal cyst on ultrasound. The ratio of men to women with cysts was 2 to 1. The prevalence of renal cysts increased more than 7 fold with age, from 5.1 percent in the fourth decade to 36.1 percent in the eighth decade of life. The longitudinal study revealed that the majority of cysts increased in size and number. The average increase in size and the rate of enlargement were 2.82 millimeters and 6.3 percent yearly, respectively. Cysts in patients younger than 50 years grew more rapidly than those in patients 50 years old and older, at a rate of 3.94 and 1.84 millimeters, yearly, respectively. Multiloculated (with many spaces) cysts progressed more rapidly than simple cysts. The authors conclude that the natural history of multiloculated cysts may be distinct from that of simple cysts and warrants further investigation. 3 figures. 2 tables. 10 references.
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Kidney Cysts. American Family Physician. 71(1): 130. January 1, 2001.
This brief patient education fact sheet reviews the problem of kidney cysts-sacs filled with fluid that grow in the kidneys. The fact sheet discusses the function of the kidneys, the impact of having cysts, how kidney cysts are discovered, treatment options, and cyst removal. Most kidney cysts are discovered incidentally, during testing to diagnose another condition. Usually, Kidney cysts are not serious and do not require any treatment. Tests such as a CT scan may be done every 6 or 12 months to monitor cyst development.
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Focus On: Renal Disease in Alagille Syndrome. LiverLink. 7(4): 1, 3-8. October-December 2000.
Kidney (renal) disease is now recognized as a common feature of Alagille syndrome (AGS) and may be present in up to 40 percent of AGS patients. A variety of renal abnormalities that have a very wide spectrum of clinical significance (symptoms and complications) and severity have been described in AGS. This newsletter article reviews renal disease associated with AGS. AGS renal disease is a mixture of defects in the formation of the kidney, problems from lipid (fat) deposition in the kidney secondary to cholestasis (retention of bile contents in the blood stream), and vascular abnormalities. Each of these problems can lead to alteration in the normal filtration of the kidney. The article reviews the normal function of the kidney, which is to produce urine and keep the body's composition of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, bicarbonate) stable, and to filter proteins and waste products. The author describes defects in the formation of the kidney in AGS, including renal agenesis (absent kidney), duplications of the urinary tract, renal dysplasia (malformation), renal hypoplasia (small kidney with decreased ability to filter), and medullary cystic disease. Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of the artery supplying the kidney that compromises the blood flow to the kidney. As a result of this stenosis, the kidney eventually shrinks and may lose some function. Many of these conditions lead to a functional renal condition called renal tubular acidosis (RTA); the author reviews this problem and stresses the importance of regular screening for and diagnosis of kidney problems in patients with AGS. 1 table.
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Medullary Sponge Kidney Disease. Consultant. 40(1): 129. January 2000.
This brief article offers a description and photograph of a patient with medullary sponge kidney disease. Asymptomatic gross hematuria (blood in the urine) was the primary complaint of the 44 year old patient. A cystoscopic examination revealed hemorrhagic prostatitis. Intravenous pyelography showed medullary sponge kidneys (MSK). The occurrence of this congenital disorder is mostly sporadic, although some cases have autosomal dominant inheritance. Between 0.5 percent and 1 percent of all intravenous pyelograms depict MSK, which is generally discovered in the third or fourth decade of life when the patient presents with renal stones, infection, or recurrent hematuria. Renal function usually is preserved, unless damage has been produced from recurrent infection or stone disease. Renal stones occur in approximately 60 percent of persons with MSK. Management consists of high fluid intake in asymptomatic patients to decrease the risks of infection and renal stones. The author stresses that infections and stones need to be treated aggressively. 1 figure.
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Patient's Perspective On Life with Dialysis: Take Control of Your Health and Your Life. For Patients Only. 13(4): 36. July-August 2000.
In this brief article, the author offers a retrospective of her 23 years on hemodialysis. She comments that she has done well on dialysis and attributes this to three reasons: educating herself about her kidney disease, taking responsibility for her own treatments, and keeping a positive attitude. The author provides short examples of how she has applied these three reasons to her everyday approach to living with kidney disease. The author specifically recommends that patients avoid missing treatments, complete their full prescribed time on the dialysis machine, watch their diet, and avoid gaining too much fluid between treatments. Her cause of renal failure was undiagnosed cystic disease, and she has used in center and home hemodialysis.
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