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Smoking and Tobacco Control Monographs
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Monograph 7: The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Detemining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes
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Table of Contents:
Section I
- Chapter 1
Cigarette Testing and the Federal Trade Commission: A Historical Overview (596 kb)
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 2
Review of the Federal Trade Commission Method for Determining Cigarette Tar and Nicotine Yield (427 kb)
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 3
Changes in Cigarette Design and Composition Over Time and How They Influence the Yields of Smoke Constituents (1,350 kb)
- Introduction
- Background
- Changes in Cigarette Design and Composition
- Summary
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 4
Attitudes, Knowledge, and Beliefs About Low-Yield Cigarettes Among Adolescents and Adults (1,660 kb)
- Introduction
- Monitoring National Data
- Survey Findings
- Health Beliefs and Switching
- Quitting Smoking
- Discussion
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 5
Cigarette Smoke Components and Disease: Cigarette Smoke Is More Thana Triad of Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide (1,271 kb)
- Introduction
- Mainstream Vs. Sidestream Cigarette Smoke
- Major Health Effects of Cigarette Smoke
- Cancer
- Noncancerous Lung Disease
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
- Cigarette Smoking and Human Reproduction
- Absolute Risk Vs. Relative Risk
- Tar, Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide, and Other Smoke Constituents
- Smoke Constituents, Cigarette-Related Disease, and Modified Labeling of Cigarettes
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 6
The Changing Cigarette and Disease Risk: Current Status of the Evidence (1,054 kb)
- Introduction
- Epidemiologic Evidence on the Changing Cigarette and Disease Risks
- Conclusions
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 7
Biomarkers of Cigarette Smoking (1,093 kb)
- Introduction
- Use of Various Biomarkers
- Nicotine Absorption From Cigarettes
- Nicotine Content of Tobacco Vs. FTC Yield
- Quantitating Nicotine Intake in Smokers
- Cotinine Levels and Nicotine Intake
- Ultralow-Yield Cigarettes
- Nicotine Intake and Machine-Determined Yield
- Carbon Monoxide and FTC Yield
- Tar-to-Nicotine Ration
- Conclusions
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 8
Pharmacology and Markers: Nicotine Pharmacology and Addictive Effects (1,054 kb)
- Introduction
- Cigarette Smoking as Drug Dependence
- Nicotine Delivery Systems
- Nicotine's Effects
- Smoking and Nicotine Dose
- A Proposal for More Meaningful Cigarette Labeling
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 9
Consumer/Smoker Perceptions of Federal Trade Commission Tar Ratings (519 kb)
- Introduction
- Tar Level of Cigarettes
- Knowledge of Advertised Tar Numbers
- Smokers' Interpretations of Tar Numbers
- Smokers' Use of Advertised Tar Numbers
- Conclusions
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 10
Sensitivity ofthe Federal Trade Commission Test Method to Analytical Parameters (822 kb)
- Introduction
- Standard Machine Smoking
- Influence of Smoking Parameters
- Influence of Human Smoking Practices
- Conclusions
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 11
Human Smoking Patterns (751 kb)
- Introduction
- How Do Humans Smoke?
- Which Human Smoking Behaviors Determine Smoke Exposure?
- Are Human Smoking Patterns Dynamic or Static?
- Does the FTC Mthod Accurately Reflect Human Smoking Patterns
- Summary
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 12
Compensation for Nicotine by Smokers of Lower Yield Cigarettes (792 kb)
- Background
- Cigarette Brand Switching in Experimental Research
- Research
- One Repeated-Measures Study of Self-Selected Brand Switching
- Smokers Can Get High Yields From the Lowest of the Low-Yield Cigarettes: More on the Issue of Vent Blocking
- Graphic Information on Tar and Nicotine Yields: The Color-Matching Technique
- Summary
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
- Chapter 13
Cigarette Design Technologies Reduce Smoke Yield and Expand Consumer Choices: The Role and Utility ofthe FTC Test Method (1,284 kb)
- Background
- Cigarette Design and Changes in the Cigarette Market
- Utility of the FTC Test Method
- Question-and-Answer Session
- References
Section II
Section III
Section IV
- Overview of 1980to 1994 Research Related to the Standard Federal Trade Commission Test Method for Cigarettes (1,629 kb)
- Introduction
- Paramets of the FTC Test Method and Current Smoking Patterns
- Impact of Changing Parameters of the FTC Test Method on Absolute Yields of a Cigarette Brand and Relative Yields on Different Brands
- Tar and Nicotine Yield by the FTC Test Method and Amounts Delivered to Smoker
- Relative Yields of Differents Brands by the FTC Test Method and Amount of Nicotine Absorbed by Smokers
- Yield by the FTC Test Method and Absorption of Nicotine in Switchers
- Yields by the FTC Test Method and Other Constituents Using the FTC Puff Profile
- Proposals To Change the FTC Test Method
- References
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