Causes and Consequences of Aneuploidy |
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| Launch in standalone player | |
| Air date: | Wednesday, March 19, 2008, 3:00:00 PM |
| Category: | Wednesday Afternoon Lectures |
| Runtime: | 75 minutes |
| NLM Title: | Causes and consequences of aneuploidy [electronic resource] / Angelika Amon. |
| Series: | NIH director's Wednesday afternoon lecture series |
| Author: | Amon, Angelika. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) |
| Publisher: | [Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health, 2008] |
| Other Title(s): | NIH director's Wednesday afternoon lecture series |
| Abstract: | (CIT): For the building of an organism, it is essential that cell division occurs in a precise and orderly manner. Deciphering the regulatory networks that ensure accurate segregation of the genetic material is thus vital to understanding both normal cell division and abnormal cell division that leads to cancer and birth defects. My laboratory investigates the controls that ensure that chromosome segregation occurs accurately and that the process is orchestrated with other cellular events. In particular, our work determined the role of the protein phosphatase Cdc14 in the final stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle, called exit from mitosis. During exit from mitosis, cells complete the chromosome segregation phase and get ready for the next duplication phase. We showed that the protein phosphatase Cdc14 is a key trigger of this transition and that its activation during chromosome segregation is essential for exit from mitosis to occur. Furthermore, we elucidated the intricate regulation of Cdc14 by nucleolar sequestration. This work has not only served as a paradigm as to how the regulation of the subcellular localization of a protein controls a key cell cycle transition but also has shed light onto how exit from mitosis is coordinated with other cellular events such as chromosome segregation and mitotic spindle function. We also investigate what happens to yeast cells that, defying the odds, acquired extra chromosomes and hence are aneuploid. We discovered a set of phenotypes common to aneuploid cells that are independent of the chromosomal identity. These phenotypes include a delay in cell cycle progression, a transcriptional signature and effects on cellular homeostasis. The characterization of these cells as well as initial studies on aneuploid mammalian cells will be presented. Dr. Amon conducted her Ph.D. work in the laboratory of Dr. Kim Nasmyth at the Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna and obtained her Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1993. After a year in Dr. Franz Klein's lab at the Institute of Botany at the University of Vienna, investigating the mechanisms of meiotic recombination, she joined the laboratory of Dr. Ruth Lehmann at the Whitehead Institute, studying how germ cells are formed. During her tenure as a Whitehead fellow, Dr. Amon's laboratory investigated the mechanism of chromosome segregation in budding yeast. Specifically, her lab identified the protein that triggers chromosome segregation by inducing the degradation of a chromosome segregation inhibitor called Securin. In 1999, Dr. Amon joined the faculty of the Department of Biology and the Center for Cancer Research at MIT. In 2000, she was selected to become an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2002, Dr. Amon was promoted to Associate Professor and awarded tenure in 2004. At the Center for Cancer Research Dr. Amon, studies the molecular mechanisms governing mitotic and meiotic chromosome segregation. In particular, her lab deciphered the molecular mechanisms that control the final stages of mitosis and discovered the molecular mechanisms that generate the meiotic chromosome segregation pattern. For more information, visit http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/amon_bio.html The NIH Director's Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series includes weekly scientific talks by some of the top researchers in the biomedical sciences worldwide. |
| Subjects: | Aneuploidy |
| Publication Types: | Government Publications Lectures |
| Download: | Download
Video How to download a Videocast |
| NLM Classification: | QU 500 |
| NLM ID: | 101470367 |
| CIT File ID: | 14378 |
| CIT Live ID: | 6215 |
| Permanent link: | http://videocast.nih.gov/launch.asp?14378 |
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Enhanced Audio Podcast | 1:05:36 |
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Enhanced Video Podcast | 1:05:36 | |