| Disease/Syndrome |
Viral encephalitides, tick-borne |
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| Category |
Infection, Occupational |
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| Acute/Chronic |
Acute-Severe |
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| Synonyms |
Central European encephalitis (CEE); Far Eastern tickborne encephalitis (FEE; Russian spring-summer encephalitis); Louping ill; Powassan virus encephalitis (PE); |
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| Biomedical References |
Search PubMed |
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| Comments |
The Far Eastern variety is unique in that the illness may include convulsions and flaccid paralysis. Outbreaks of CEE, also called diphasic fever, have occurred after consumption of raw goat and sheep milk. CEE and Louping ill have a diphasic fever pattern--4-10 days after apparently recovering from the initial febrile illness, the patient develops fever again, this time with symptoms of meningoencephalitis. CEE and Looping ill usually cause a mild illness. There is a 10% case fatality rate for Powassan encephalitis, and 50% of patients have neurological sequelae. Ticks and mammals are the main reservoirs. Effective vaccines have been used in Europe and the former USSR. [CCDM, p. 41-3] Only one in 250 people infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) develop symptoms. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, nausea/vomiting, myalgias, and sometimes fasciculations. After a remission of 2-8 days, a minority of patients have the secondary phase of TBE with resumption of high fever, headache, and vomiting. The course for children is usually benign, aseptic meningitis. Adults, and especially the elderly, are more likely to suffer complications of meningoencephalitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. Of hospitalized patients with Far Eastern encephalitis, up to 20% die, and up to 60% have residual neurological impairment. Hemorrhages have been reported in some cases of TBE. Other findings include tremor, paresthesias, incoordination, dysphasia, leukocytosis (second phase), leukopenia (initial and late phases), thrombocytopenia (initial phase) and elevated transaminases. [PPID, p. 1941] |
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| Latency/Incubation |
7 days to 2 weeks |
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| Diagnostic |
Viral culture; Paired sera; Identify by IgM antibodies or nucleic acid in serum or CSF; |
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| ICD-9 Code |
063 |
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| Available Vaccine |
Yes |
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| Scope |
CEE: Europe; Louping ill: British Isles, Ireland and W. Europe; FEE: eastern part of former USSR; PE: Canada, US, Russian Federation; [CCDM, p. 41-3] |
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| Related Information in Haz-Map |
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| Symptoms/Findings |
Symptoms/Findings associated with this disease:
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| Job Tasks |
High risk job tasks associated with this disease:
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