| Agent Name |
p-Nitrochlorobenzene |
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| Alternative Name |
p-Chloronitrobenzene |
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| CAS Number |
100-00-5 |
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| Formula |
C6-H4-Cl-N-O2 |
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| Major Category |
Nitrogen Compounds |
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| Synonyms |
1-Chloor-4-nitrobenzeen [Dutch]; 1-Chlor-4-nitrobenzol [German]; 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene; 1-Cloro-4-nitrobenzene [Italian]; 1-Nitro-4-chlorobenzene; 4-Chloro-1-nitrobenzene; 4-Chloronitrobenzene; 4-Nitro-1-chlorobenzene; 4-Nitrochlorobenzene; Benzene, 1-chloro-4-nitro-; PNCB; p-Chloronitrobenzene; p-Nitrochloorbenzeen [Dutch]; p-Nitrochlorobenzene; p-Nitrochlorobenzol [German]; p-Nitroclorobenzene [Italian]; p-Nitrophenyl chloride; [ChemIDplus] UN1578 |
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| Category |
Nitros, Aromatic |
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| Description |
Light yellow crystalline solid with a sweet odor; [CAMEO] |
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| Sources/Uses |
Used to manufacture dyes, rubber, and insecticides; [ACGIH] |
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| Comments |
Listed in a table of "Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is the Principal Cause of Toxicity"; liver injury seen in subchronic animal studies; [ACGIH] Can induce methemoglobinemia; May cause skin sensitization after prolonged contact; [ICSC] |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| BEI |
Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH] |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
Yes |
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| TLV (ACGIH) |
0.64 mg/m3 |
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| PEL (OSHA) |
1 mg/m3 |
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| IDLH (NIOSH) |
100 mg/m3 |
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| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Human data: Workers exposed intermittently for 0.5 to 1 hour over many months to concentrations ranging from 7 to 400 mg/m3 (average of 90 mg/m3) had only vague complaints of tiredness, loss of appetite, headache, and afternoon fatigue [Watrous and Schultz 1950]. Because of the strong and disagreeable odor, these workers voluntarily wore respiratory protection when exposed to the higher concentrations [Watrous and Schultz 1950]. |
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| Vapor Pressure |
0.09 mm Hg |
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| Lethal Concentration |
LCLo (rats) = 16,100 mg/m3/4H |
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| Explanatory Notes |
Flash point = 127 deg C; |
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| Flammability (NFPA) |
1: must be preheated |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Methemoglobinemia |
Methemoglobinemia, Primary |
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| Skin Sensitizer |
Yes |
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| Hepatotoxin |
Hepatotoxin, Secondary |
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| IARC Carcinogen |
Not Classifiable |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: 1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE
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