Protocol Number: 00-N-0095

Title:

Brain Activation During Developmental Speech Production and Speech Perception

Number:

00-N-0095

Summary:

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the brain's activity and organization in the development of speech disorders. It will compare brain activity in people with normal speech development with those who stutter or who have a phonological disorder (a deficit in how the brain processes speech sounds).

Stuttering and phonological disorders emerge during the critical period of speech development between 2.5 and 12 years of age. During this period, the brain is much more adaptable for speech development than it is after puberty. This study will examine how the brain organization for speech production and perception develops normally during the critical period and how the normal pattern is altered when stuttering and phonological disorders become chronic problems, persisting throughout life.

Volunteer adults and children with and without speech disorders may participate in this study. Eligibility screening will include a brief neurological and physical examination and tests to determine normal speech or a speech disorder. The speech testing will be videotaped. The subject will speak aloud, describe pictures, recall words or numbers, imitate speech sounds and words, and perform some listening tests.

Study participants will undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study brain activity. For this procedure, the subject lies on a stretcher that is moved into a donut-shaped machine with a strong magnetic field. During the MRI scan, the subject will perform simple tasks, such as listening to speech or other sounds and saying nonsense words. The procedure should take less than 60 minutes, and usually takes from 20 to 40 minutes.

Sponsoring Institute:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

Recruitment Detail

Type: Participants currently recruited/enrolled

Gender: Male & Female

Referral Letter Required: No

Population Exclusion(s): None

Eligibility Criteria:

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

To address the 15 hypotheses formulated for this research, several subject groups will be studied. The functional activation patterns of normal right-handed adults will be compared with normally developing right-handed children and adolescents (ages 6-17) during tasks involving speech segmentation (into phonemes) and speech formulation. All will be native speakers of American English without foreign language use in the home. Corresponding subject groups will be adults and children with stuttering or phonological processing disorders who are right-handed native speakers of American English. Our aim will be to determine how brain function for speech perception and production change during completion of the critical period for speech development and how these systems differ in children with disorders of speech control and phonology who continue to have problems during this period.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

A subject will be excluded if he/she has a contraindication to MR scanning such as the following: aneurysm clip; implanted neural stimulator; implanted cardiac pacemaker or autodefibrillator; cochlear implant; ocular implant or foreign body (e.g. metal shavings or splinters); insulin pump; shrapnel, bullet or shot wound; artificial heart valve; tattooed makeup; prostheses of ferromagnetic material; surgical metal clips in the brain, eye or on blood vessels; implanted drug infusion device. The LSS otolaryngologist, Pamela Kearney, M.D., or LSS nurse practitioner Patti Henshel, C.R.N.P., will screen participants with the NMR Center Safety Screening Questionnaire, which also includes additional items such as intraventricular shunts, transdermal medication patches, wire sutures, bone/joint pins, screws, nails, plates, and body piercings. Dr. Kearney or Ms. Henshel will approve or disapprove participation in the study based on her judgement of the MR compatibility of these items, using published guides including Shellock & Kanal (1994) and Shellock (2001). Other exclusion criteria are claustrophobia, pregnancy (as determined by pregnancy testing at NIH's Clinical Center on the day of scanning); aphasia or dysarthria, language and/or cognitive functioning lower than 2 standard deviations below the age-adjustred mean value on screening tests, speech receiption thresholds greater than dB; non-native American English speech development; developmental exposure to a langugage other than English in the home, and medications that affect central nervous system function at time of fMRI scanning. If a potential participant elects to withdraw from medicatins, this must be done under the care of the participant's own physician prior to participation in this protocol. Medication withdrawal is not part of this study.

Additional exclusion criteria for developmental stuttering only include: language and/or cognitive functioning lower than 1 standard deviation below the age-adjusted mean value on screening tests, left-handedness on the Edinburgh handedness questionnaire; movement disorders (e.g., Huntington disease, chorea, myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Parkinsn's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and neuroleptic-induced syndromes), brain tumors, history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness, genetic diseases of the CNS (e.g., chromosomal diseases, metabolis disorders, diffuse sclerosis), chronic infections of the nervous system (e.g., bacterial, vial, parasitic, fungal and yeast), ataxis (inherited and acquired), myopathies (e.g., progressive muscular dystrophies, familial periodic paralysis, congenital disorders of muscle, myoglobinuria, polymyositis), disorders of the neuromuscular junction (e.g., myasthenia gravis), demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, central pontine myelinolysis), other brain abnormalities, schizophrenia, alcoholism, long-lasting drug dependence, major and/or bipolar depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, vocal fold paralysis or paresis, joint abnormality, or neoplasm, and history of swalling disorders, airway obstruction.

Special Instructions:

Currently Not Provided

Keywords:

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Stuttering

Speech Perception

Speech Production

Phonology

Development

Motor Control

Neural Networks

Phonological Disorders

Recruitment Keyword(s):

None

Condition(s):

Developmental Articulation Disorder

Stuttering

Investigational Drug(s):

None

Investigational Device(s):

None

Intervention(s):

None

Supporting Site:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Contact(s):

Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office
Building 61
10 Cloister Court
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4754
Toll Free: 1-800-411-1222
TTY: 301-594-9774 (local),1-866-411-1010 (toll free)
Fax: 301-480-9793

Electronic Mail:prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov

Citation(s):

Distribution of cortical neural networks involved in word comprehension and word retrieval

The neural substrates underlying word generation: a bilingual functional-imaging study

Brain organization for language in children, adolescents, and adults with left hemisphere lesion: A PET study

• Questions about participating in a study, please contact the Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office, CC.
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