Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's own immune system launches a misguided attack and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Type 1 diabetes increases a patient's risk of blindness, kidney failure, chronic wound and skin ulcers, neurologic problems, limb amputation, heart disease, heart attacks, stroke, high blood pressure, gum disease, and pregnancy-related problems.
Research on type 1 diabetes and its complications is within the disciplines of several Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health: