[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 5]
[Revised as of July 1, 2008]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR58.1]
[Page 217-220]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 58_AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE--Table of Contents
Subpart A_General Provisions
Sec. 58.1 Definitions.
Source: 71 FR 61296, Oct. 17, 2006, unless otherwise noted.
As used in this part, all terms not defined herein have the meaning
given them in the Act.
Act means the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.)
Additive and multiplicative bias means the linear regression
intercept and slope of a linear plot fitted to corresponding candidate
and reference method mean measurement data pairs.
Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) or his or her authorized representative.
Air Quality System (AQS) means EPA's computerized system for storing
and reporting of information relating to ambient air quality data.
Approved regional method (ARM) means a continuous PM2.5
method that has been approved specifically within a State or local air
monitoring network for purposes of comparison to the NAAQS and to meet
other monitoring objectives.
AQCR means air quality control region.
CO means carbon monoxide.
Combined statistical area (CSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget as a geographical area consisting of two or more
adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) with employment interchange
of at least 15 percent. Combination is automatic if the employment
interchange is 25 percent and determined by local opinion if more than
15 but less than 25 percent (http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/
metro-city/List6.txt).
Community monitoring zone (CMZ) means an optional averaging area
with established, well defined boundaries, such as county or census
block, within an MPA that has relatively uniform concentrations of
annual PM2.5 as defined by appendix N of part 50 of this
chapter. Two or more community-oriented SLAMS monitors within a CMZ that
meet certain requirements as set forth in appendix N of part 50 of this
chapter may be averaged for making comparisons to the annual
PM2.5 NAAQS.
Core-based statistical area (CBSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget, as a statistical geographic entity consisting of
the county or counties associated with at least one urbanized area/urban
cluster of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent counties having a
high degree of social and economic integration. Metropolitan Statistical
Areas (MSAs) and micropolitan statistical areas are the two categories
of CBSA (metropolitan areas have populations greater than 50,000; and
micropolitan areas have populations between 10,000 and 50,000). In the
case of very large cities where two or more CBSAs are combined, these
larger areas are referred to as combined statistical areas (CSAs)
(http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro-city/List1.txt).
Corrected concentration pertains to the result of an accuracy or
precision assessment test of an open path analyzer in which a high-
concentration
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test or audit standard gas contained in a short test cell is inserted
into the optical measurement beam of the instrument. When the pollutant
concentration measured by the analyzer in such a test includes both the
pollutant concentration in the test cell and the concentration in the
atmosphere, the atmospheric pollutant concentration must be subtracted
from the test measurement to obtain the corrected concentration test
result. The corrected concentration is equal to the measured
concentration minus the average of the atmospheric pollutant
concentrations measured (without the test cell) immediately before and
immediately after the test.
Design value means the calculated concentration according to the
applicable appendix of part 50 of this chapter for the highest site in
an attainment or nonattainment area.
EDO means environmental data operations.
Effective concentration pertains to testing an open path analyzer
with a high-concentration calibration or audit standard gas contained in
a short test cell inserted into the optical measurement beam of the
instrument. Effective concentration is the equivalent ambient-level
concentration that would produce the same spectral absorbance over the
actual atmospheric monitoring path length as produced by the high-
concentration gas in the short test cell. Quantitatively, effective
concentration is equal to the actual concentration of the gas standard
in the test cell multiplied by the ratio of the path length of the test
cell to the actual atmospheric monitoring path length.
Federal equivalent method (FEM) means a method for measuring the
concentration of an air pollutant in the ambient air that has been
designated as an equivalent method in accordance with part 53 of this
chapter; it does not include a method for which an equivalent method
designation has been canceled in accordance with Sec. 53.11 or Sec.
53.16 of this chapter.
Federal reference method (FRM) means a method of sampling and
analyzing the ambient air for an air pollutant that is specified as a
reference method in an appendix to part 50 of this chapter, or a method
that has been designated as a reference method in accordance with this
part; it does not include a method for which a reference method
designation has been canceled in accordance with Sec. 53.11 or Sec.
53.16 of this chapter.
HNO3 means nitric acid.
Local agency means any local government agency, other than the State
agency, which is charged by a State with the responsibility for carrying
out a portion of the plan.
Meteorological measurements means measurements of wind speed, wind
direction, barometric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, solar
radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and/or precipitation.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) means a CBSA associated with at
least one urbanized area of 50,000 population or greater. The central
county plus adjacent counties with a high degree of integration comprise
the area.
Monitor means an instrument, sampler, analyzer, or other device that
measures or assists in the measurement of atmospheric air pollutants and
which is acceptable for use in ambient air surveillance under the
applicable provisions of appendix C to this part.
Monitoring agency means a State or local agency responsible for
meeting the requirements of this part.
Monitoring organization means a State, local, or other monitoring
organization responsible for operating a monitoring site for which the
quality assurance regulations apply.
Monitoring path for an open path analyzer means the actual path in
space between two geographical locations over which the pollutant
concentration is measured and averaged.
Monitoring path length of an open path analyzer means the length of
the monitoring path in the atmosphere over which the average pollutant
concentration measurement (path-averaged concentration) is determined.
See also, optical measurement path length.
Monitoring planning area (MPA) means a contiguous geographic area
with established, well defined boundaries, such as a CBSA, county or
State, having a common area that is used for planning monitoring
locations for
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PM2.5. An MPA may cross State boundaries, such as the
Philadelphia PA-NJ MSA, and be further subdivided into community
monitoring zones. MPAs are generally oriented toward CBSAs or CSAs with
populations greater than 200,000, but for convenience, those portions of
a State that are not associated with CBSAs can be considered as a single
MPA.
NATTS means the national air toxics trends stations. This network
provides hazardous air pollution ambient data.
NCore means the National Core multipollutant monitoring stations.
Monitors at these sites are required to measure particles
(PM2.5, speciated PM2.5, PM10-2.5),
O3, SO2, CO, nitrogen oxides (NO/NO2/
NOy), Pb, and basic meteorology.
Network means all stations of a given type or types.
NH3 means ammonia.
NO2 means nitrogen dioxide. NO means nitrogen oxide. NOX
means oxides of nitrogen and is defined as the sum of the concentrations
of NO2 and NO.
NOy means the sum of all total reactive nitrogen oxides, including
NO, NO2, and other nitrogen oxides referred to as
NOZ.
O3 means ozone.
Open path analyzer means an automated analytical method that
measures the average atmospheric pollutant concentration in situ along
one or more monitoring paths having a monitoring path length of 5 meters
or more and that has been designated as a reference or equivalent method
under the provisions of part 53 of this chapter.
Optical measurement path length means the actual length of the
optical beam over which measurement of the pollutant is determined. The
path-integrated pollutant concentration measured by the analyzer is
divided by the optical measurement path length to determine the path-
averaged concentration. Generally, the optical measurement path length
is:
(1) Equal to the monitoring path length for a (bistatic) system
having a transmitter and a receiver at opposite ends of the monitoring
path;
(2) Equal to twice the monitoring path length for a (monostatic)
system having a transmitter and receiver at one end of the monitoring
path and a mirror or retroreflector at the other end; or
(3) Equal to some multiple of the monitoring path length for more
complex systems having multiple passes of the measurement beam through
the monitoring path.
PAMS means photochemical assessment monitoring stations.
Pb means lead.
Plan means an implementation plan approved or promulgated pursuant
to section 110 of the Act.
PM means PM10, PM110C, PM2.5,
PM10-2.5, or particulate matter of unspecified size range.
PM2.5 means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less
than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers as measured by a reference
method based on appendix L of part 50 of this chapter and designated in
accordance with part 53 of this chapter, by an equivalent method
designated in accordance with part 53 of this chapter, or by an approved
regional method designated in accordance with appendix C to this part.
PM10 means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than
or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers as measured by a reference method
based on appendix J of part 50 of this chapter and designated in
accordance with part 53 of this chapter or by an equivalent method
designated in accordance with part 53 of this chapter.
PM10C means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less
than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers as measured by a reference
method based on appendix O of part 50 of this chapter and designated in
accordance with part 53 of this chapter or by an equivalent method
designated in accordance with part 53 of this chapter.
PM10-2.5 means particulate matter with an aerodynamic
diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers and greater than
a nominal 2.5 micrometers as measured by a reference method based on
appendix O to part 50 of this chapter and designated in accordance with
part 53 of this chapter or by an equivalent method designated in
accordance with part 53 of this chapter.
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Point analyzer means an automated analytical method that measures
pollutant concentration in an ambient air sample extracted from the
atmosphere at a specific inlet probe point and that has been designated
as a reference or equivalent method in accordance with part 53 of this
chapter.
Population-oriented monitoring (or sites) means residential areas,
commercial areas, recreational areas, industrial areas where workers
from more than one company are located, and other areas where a
substantial number of people may spend a significant fraction of their
day.
Primary quality assurance organization means a monitoring
organization or other organization that is responsible for a set of
stations that monitor the same pollutant and for which data quality
assessments can be pooled. Each criteria pollutant sampler/monitor at a
monitoring station in the SLAMS and SPM networks must be associated with
one, and only one, primary quality assurance organization.
Probe means the actual inlet where an air sample is extracted from
the atmosphere for delivery to a sampler or point analyzer for pollutant
analysis.
PSD station means any station operated for the purpose of
establishing the effect on air quality of the emissions from a proposed
source for purposes of prevention of significant deterioration as
required by Sec. 51.24(n) of this chapter.
Regional Administrator means the Administrator of one of the ten EPA
Regional Offices or his or her authorized representative.
Reporting organization means an entity, such as a State, local, or
Tribal monitoring agency, that collects and reports air quality data to
EPA.
Site means a geographic location. One or more stations may be at the
same site.
SLAMS means State or local air monitoring stations. The SLAMS make
up the ambient air quality monitoring sites that are primarily needed
for NAAQS comparisons, but may serve other data purposes. SLAMS exclude
special purpose monitor (SPM) stations and include NCore, PAMS, and all
other State or locally operated stations that have not been designated
as SPM stations.
SO2 means sulfur dioxide.
Special purpose monitor (SPM) station means a monitor included in an
agency's monitoring network that the agency has designated as a special
purpose monitor station in its monitoring network plan and in the Air
Quality System, and which the agency does not count when showing
compliance with the minimum requirements of this subpart for the number
and siting of monitors of various types.
State agency means the air pollution control agency primarily
responsible for development and implementation of a plan under the Act.
State speciation site means a supplemental PM2.5
speciation station that is not part of the speciation trends network.
Station means a single monitor, or a group of monitors with a shared
objective, located at a particular site.
STN station means a PM2.5 speciation station designated
to be part of the speciation trends network. This network provides
chemical species data of fine particulate.
Traceable means that a local standard has been compared and
certified, either directly or via not more than one intermediate
standard, to a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-
certified primary standard such as a NIST-traceable Reference Material
(NTRM) or a NIST-certified Gas Manufacturer's Internal Standard (GMIS).
TSP (total suspended particulates) means particulate matter as
measured by the method described in appendix B of part 50 of this
chapter.
Urbanized area means an area with a minimum residential population
of at least 50,000 people and which generally includes core census block
groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people
per square mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall
density of at least 500 people per square mile. The Census Bureau notes
that under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be
part of each Urbanized Area.
VOC means volatile organic compounds.