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Table of Contents of
Business Incorporations in the United States, 1800-1943

by
George Heberton Evans, Jr.


© [1948] National Bureau of Economic Research

Reproduced 2001 with permission of the publisher

  Sources cited   |   Index   |  Catalog record and links to related information from the Library of Congress catalog


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CONTENTS

PREFACE V CHAPTER
  1. The Nature of the Study 1
  2. The Significance of an Incorporation 4
  3. The Period of the Special Charter 10
  4. Trends in Business Incorporations, 1875-1943 31
  5. The Number of Incorporations and Their Authorized Capital Stock 36
  6. Large, Medium, and Small Business Corporations 42
  7. An Industrial Classification of Incorporations 50
  8. Fields of Corporate Enterprise 66
  9. Incorporations and Business Cycles 75
APPENDIX
  1. Private Nonbusiness Incorporations 89
  2. Maryland Business Incorporations Classified According to Authorized Capital Stock 91
  3. Business Incorporations and Their Authorized Capital Stock 95
  4. Industrial Classification of Business Incorporations 153
  5. Two Tests: Capital Stock as an Index of the Size of a Corporation; The Charter as a Source of Information on Corporate Purposes 171
  6. Total Incorporations Used in Constructing the Monthly Aggregate Index of Incorporations and in Analyzing Cyclical Movements 177
INDEX 180
TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE
  1. Business Incorporation Series Compiled for this Study Unless Otherwise Specified 2
  2. Previous Status of Maryland Companies Incorporated in 1934 and 1935 that had Predecessors and Remained in Business more than One Year after Incorporation 5
  3. All Maryland Business Corporations Char- tered in 1925, 1926, and 1927 and the Number of those Companies on the Mary- land Forfeiture List of February 22, 1931 (classified by authorized capital stock) 6
  4. Maryland Corporation Life Table 8
  5. Chronology of Initial State Constitutional Provisions that Necessitated Incorporation under General Laws 11
  6. Business Incorporations, Eight States, 1800-1875 12
  7. Maryland Business Incorporations by Spe- cial Acts, 1800-1852 14
  8. New Jersey Business Incorporations: By Special Acts, 1800-1875; Under General Laws, 1864-1899 15
  9. New York Business Incorporations Under Special and General Laws, 1800-1845 17
  10. Ohio Business Incorporations: By Special Acts, 1803-1851; Under General Laws, 1856-1899 18
  11. Incorporations Classified Industrially, Four States; Percentage Distribution by Decades, 1790-99 to 1890-99 20
  12. States in the Annual Median Index. of In- corporations with the Periods of Their Inclusion 34
  13. Annual Aggregate and Median Indexes of Incorporations, 1860-1943 34
  14. Incorporations, United Kingdom, 1863- 1937. 35
  15. Ohio Incorporations, Total Authorized Capital Stock, Annual Averages, 1872- 1918 40
  16. New Jersey Corporations with Authorized Capital Stock of $20,000,000 or more Char- tered under General Laws, 1881-1902 48
  17. Number of New Jersey Corporations with Authorized Capital Stock of $20,000,000 or more Chartered under General Laws, 1880-1918 49
  18. Number of Delaware Corporations with Authorized Capital Stock of $20,000,000 or more Chartered under General Laws, 1916-1943 49
  19. Industrial Categories used in Classifying Incorporations 51
  20. A Sample of Pennsylvania Corporations Chartered in 1902 Classified on Basis of Bradstreet and Charter Descriptions 54
  21. Title Guarantee and Trust Incorporations, Pennsylvania, December 1899-November 1904 58
  22. Corporations Reporting for Income Taxa- tion: Percentage Distribution by Major Industrial Categories; New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 1916-1918 and 1921-1930 59
  23. Incorporations under General Laws:. Per- centage Distribution by Major Industrial Categories; New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 1872-1930 60
  24. Number and Percentage of Basic Categories of Table 19 Used in Classifying Industrially the Incorporations of Each Year, 1800-1930: New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 63
  25. Business Incorporations: Percentage Distribution by One-Letter Industrial Categories; New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 66
  26. Mining and Quarrying Incorporations: Percentage Distribution by Two-Letter Industrial Categories; New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 67
  27. Percentages of Total Manufacturing Incorporations that Fitted into Certain Two Letter Industrial Categories: New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 68
  28. Years in which Annual Incorporations in Certain Manufacturing Industries First Equaled or Exceeded 7 1/2 Percent of the Total Annual Manufacturing Incorporations: New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 68
  29. Public Utility Incorporations: Percentage Distribution by Two-Letter Industrial Categories; New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 68
  30. Incorporations of Companies Supplying Services: Percentage Distribution by Two- Letter Industrial Categories; New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 69
  31. Percentages of Total Incorporations of Financial Enterprises that Fitted into Certain Two-Letter Industrial Categories: New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 69
  32. Oil Incorporations as a Percentage of Total Business Incorporations, Texas, 1901 73
  33. Gas Incorporations, Ohio and Pennsylvania, 1880-1893 73
  34. Mining and Total Business Incorporations, Colorado, 1891-1897 73
  35. Indexes of Seasonal Variation in Business Incorporations: Maine, Ohio, and Texas 76
  36. States in the Monthly Aggregate Index of Incorporations with the Periods of Their Inclusion 79
  37. Seasonal Indexes Used in Computing the Monthly Aggregate Index of Incorporations 80
  38. Monthly Aggregate Index of Incorporations, 1860-1941 80
  39. States in the Monthly Median Index of Incorporations with the Periods of Their Inclusion 81
  40. Monthly Median Index of Incorporations, 1860-1943 83
  41. Timing of Cycles in Total Incorporations 85
  42. Timing of Cycles in the Monthly Median Index of Incorporations 85
  43. Specific-Cycle Patterns in Total Incorporations 86
  44. Reference-Cycle Patterns in Total Incorporations 88
CHART
  1. Business Incorporations, Eight States, 1800-1875 13
  2. Turnpike Incorporations, Five States, 1800-1877 22
  3. Manufacturing Incorporations, Four States, 1800-1877 23
  4. Railroad Incorporations, Four States, 1800-1876 25
  5. Maryland Business Incorporations (excluding Turnpike and Manufacturing) by Special Acts, 1800-1852 26
  6. New Jersey Business Incorporations (excluding Turnpike and Manufacturing): By Special Acts, 1800-1845; Under Special and General Laws, 1846-1875 27
  7. New York Business Incorporations (excluding Turnpike and Manufacturing) under Special and General Laws, 1800-1845 28
  8. Ohio Business Incorporations (excluding Turnpike and Manufacturing): By Special Acts, 1803-1851; Under General Laws, 1856-1875 29
  9. Business Incorporations, Sixteen States, Annually, 1860-1943 32
  10. Delaware Business Incorporations, Number and Authorized Capital Stock, 1916-1943 37
  11. Texas Business Incorporations, Number and Authorized Capital Stock, 1872-1920 38
  12. Ohio Business Incorporations, Number and Authorized Capital Stock, 1872-1918 39
  13. Illinois Business Incorporations, Number and Authorized Capital Stock, 1897-1918 40
  14. Colorado Business Incorporations by Size Groups, 1891-1908 43
  15. Delaware Business Incorporations by Size Groups, 1916-1943 43
  16. Illinois Business Incorporations by Size Groups, 1897-1918 44
  17. Maryland Business Incorporations by Size Groups, 1870-1939 45
  18. New Jersey Business Incorporations by Size Groups, 1875-1918 46
  19. Ohio Business Incorporations by Size Groups, 1872-1918 46
  20. Incorporations under General Laws and Corporations Reporting for Income Taxation: Percentage Distribution by Major Industrial Categories 62
  21. Long Cycles in Incorporations, New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 1872-1930: Communication, Transportation, Other Public Utilities, Building and Loan Associations 70
  22. Business Incorporations, Four States, 1881-1907 77
  23. Public Utility Incorporations, New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 1875-1930 78
  24. Manufacturing Incorporations, New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 1875-1930 78
  25. Monthly Aggregate and Median Indexes of Business Incorporations, 1860-1943 82
  26. Average Cyclical Patterns of Monthly Aggregate Incorporations 87

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