Library of Congress >> MARC >> Authority >> Names and Terms >> X00

X00 - Personal Names-General Information


MARC 21 Authority
October 2004

"Full" documentation refers to the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data that contains detailed descriptions of every data element, along with examples, input conventions and history sections.

"Concise" documentation refers to the MARC 21 Concise Format for Authority Data that contains abridged descriptions of every data element, along with examples.

100 - Heading - Personal Name (NR) Full | Concise
400 - See From Tracing - Personal Name (R) Full | Concise
500 - See Also From Tracing - Personal Name (R) Full | Concise
700 - Established Heading Linking Entry - Personal Name (R) Full | Concise

First Indicator
Type of personal name entry element
0 - Forename
1 - Surname
3 - Family name

Second Indicator
100 - Undefined
# - Undefined

400 - Undefined
# - Undefined

500 - Undefined
# - Undefined

700 - Thesaurus
0 - Library of Congress Subject Headings
1 - LC subject headings for children's literature
2 - Medical Subject Headings
3 - National Agricultural Library subject authority file
4 - Source not specified
5 - Canadian Subject Headings
6 - Répertoire de vedettes-matière
7 - Source specified in subfield $2

Subfield Codes
Name portion
$a - Personal name (NR)
$b - Numeration (NR)
$c - Titles and other words associated with a name (R)
$d - Dates associated with a name (NR)
$e - Relator term (R)
$j - Attribution qualifier (R)
$q - Fuller form of name (NR)

Title portion
$f - Date of a work (NR)
$h - Medium (NR)
$k - Form subheading (R)
$l - Language of a work (NR)
$m - Medium of performance for music (R)
$n - Number of part/section of a work (R)
$o - Arranged statement for music (NR)
$p - Name of part/section of a work (R)
$r - Key for music (NR)
$s - Version (NR)
$t - Title of a work (NR)
Name and title portions
$g - Miscellaneous information (NR)

Tracing and linking subfields
$i - Reference instruction phrase (R) [400/500]
$w - Control subfield (NR) [400/500/700]
$0 - Record control number (R) [500/700]
$2 - Source of heading or term (NR) [700]
$5 - Institution to which field applies (R) [400/500/700]
$6 - Linkage (NR)
$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)

Subject subdivision portion
$v - Form subdivision (R)
$x - General subdivision (R)
$y - Chronological subdivision (R)
$z - Geographic subdivision (R)

GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS

Content designators identify the subelements occurring in a name or name/title heading that contains a personal name constructed according to generally accepted cataloging and thesaurus-building rules (e.g., Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)). Personal names used in phrase subject headings (e.g., John, the Baptist, Saint, in the Koran) are contained in the X50 fields.

Only generally-applicable content designators are described in full in this section. A small number of content designators with field-specific instructions are described in the Tracings and References-General Information section (for field 400 and 500) and the 7XX Heading Linking Entries-General Information section (for field 700).

INDICATORS

First Indicator - Type of personal name entry element
Form of the entry element of the name portion of a heading. The values distinguish among forenames, surnames, and family names used as the entry element.
0 - Forename
Forename or a name consisting of words, phrases, initials, separate letters, or numerals that are formatted in direct order.
100 0#$aRadulfus,$cNiger,$db. ca. 1140.$tChronica
400 0#$aAuthor of The diary of a physician,$d1807-1877
[Name formatted in direct order.]
400 1#$aDiary of a physician, Author of The,$d1807-1877
100 0#$aC. E. L. J.
400 1#$aJ., C. E. L.
[Name formatted in inverted order in field 400; first indicator value is 1.]
400 0#$aX,$cDr.
400 0#$aDr. X
1 - Surname
Surname formatted in inverted order (surname, forename) or a name without forename(s) which is known to be a surname. If there is uncertainty that a name without forename(s) is a surname, the first indicator position contains value 0. Phrases, when formulated with inversion and an entry element similar to a surname are treated as a surname.
100 1#$aOlearius, Adam,$d1603-1671
400 1#$aOlearius,$cHerr$q(Adam),$d1603-1671
[Name without forename known to be a surname.]
400 1#$aO., A.$q(Adam Olearius),$d1603-1671
100 1#$aDe Angelini, Anna
400 1#$aAngelini, Anna de
100 1#$aAllsworth-Jones, P.
400 1#$aJones, P. Allsworth-
100 1#$aAlderwerelt van Rosenburgh, C. R. W. K. van$q(Cornelis Rugier Willem Karel),$d1863-1936
400 1#$aVan Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh, C. R. W. K.$q(Cornelis Rugier Willem Karel),$d1863-1936
100 1#$aMcCoy, Hal
100 1#$aO'Brien, Gerard
400 1#$aS., Anton D.
100 1#$aAleixandre Ferrandis, V.
100 1#$aHinojosa-S., Rolando R.
100 1#$aDigby of Geashill, Frances Noel Digby,$cBaroness,$d1660 or 61-1684
100 1#$aMateu y Llopis, Felipe,$d1901-
100 1#$aSan Román, Teresa
100 1#$aEl Saffar, Ruth S.,$d1941-
3 - Family name
Name of a family, clan, dynasty, house, or other such group. The name may be constructed in direct or inverted order.
100 3#$aArey family
500 3#$aIhrig family
100 3#$aGuelf, House of
400 3#$aHouse of Guelf
100 3#$aAttalid dynasty,$d282-133 B.C.
100 3#$aVon der Au family
Second Indicator
In fields 100, 400, and 500, the second indicator position is undefined and contains a blank (#). For field 700, the second indicator position contains one of the values described in the 7XX Heading Linking Entries-General Information section.

SUBFIELD CODES

$a - Personal name
Name may be a surname and/or forename; letters, initials, abbreviations, phrases, or numbers used in place of a name; or a family name. A parenthetical qualifying term associated with the name is contained in subfield $c, and a fuller form of name added as a qualifier is contained in subfield $q.
100 0#$aThomas$c(Anglo-Norman poet)
100 1#$aStoodt, Dieter
100 1#$aGranet Velez, Gail
100 3#$aPlantagenet, House of
100 3#$aPremyslid dynasty
100 1#$aKarkhanis, Sharad-
400 0#$aSharad Karkhanis
100 0#$aW. P.,$cEsq.
400 1#$aP., W.,$cEsq.
400 0#$aWP,$cEsq.
$b - Numeration
Roman numeral or a roman numeral and a subsequent part of a forename. It is used only when the entry element is a forename (first indicator, value 0).
100 0#$aGustaf$bV,$cKing of Sweden,$d1858-1950
400 0#$aOscar Gustaf$bV Adolf,$cKing of Sweden,$d1858-1950
100 1#$aAppleton, Victor,$cII
[Roman numeral used with a surname heading (first indicator, value 1) is contained in subfield $c.]
$c - Titles and other words associated with a name
Includes qualifying information such as
If the entry element is a surname followed directly by a prefix without intervening forenames or forename initials, the prefix is contained in subfield $c to prevent its being treated as a forename in searching and sorting processes.
400 1#$aSanctis,$cDe
Multiple adjacent titles or words associated with a name are contained in a single subfield $c. Subfield $c is repeated only when words associated with a name are separated by subelements contained in other subfields.
100 1#$aSalisbury, James Cecil,$cEarl of,$dd. 1683
100 0#$aNorodom Sihanouk Varman,$cKing of Cambodia,$d1922-
100 0#$aCuthbert,$cFather, O.S.F.C.,$d1866-1939
100 0#$aThomas,$cAquinas, Saint,$d1225?-1274
100 0#$aThomas$c(Anglo-Norman poet).$tRoman de Tristan.$lEnglish
100 1#$aSaur, Karl-Otto,$cJr.
100 1#$aAppleton, Victor,$cII
100 0#$aMargaret,$cQueen, consort of James IV, King of Scotland,$d1489-1541
100 0#$aAugustine,$cSaint, Bishop of Hippo
100 0#$aBlack Foot,$cChief,$dd. 1877$c(Spirit)
[Subfield $c is repeated due to intervening subelements.]
400 0#$aHausbuch,$cMeister des,$d15th cent.
400 0#$aAmsterdam Cabinet,$cMaster of the,$d15th cent.
400 1#$aWeiss, Judah Areyh,$cha-Levi
400 1#$aL'Epée,$cabbé de$q(Charles-Michel),$d1712-1789
400 3#$aKonbaung dynasty,$cBurma,$d1752-1885
100 1#$aMassena, André,$cprince d'Essling,$d1758-1817
400 1#$aE.,$cP. d',$d1758-1817
$d - Dates associated with a name
Dates of birth, death, or flourishing or any other date used with a name. A qualifier used with the date (e.g., b., d., ca., fl., ?, cent.) is also contained in subfield $d.
100 1#$aLobb, Theophilus,$d1678-1763
100 1#$aLuckombe, Philip,$dd. 1803
100 1#$aSalant , Yosef Tsevi,$d1884 or 5-1981
100 1#$aSirillo, Solomon ben Joseph,$dd. ca. 1558
100 1#$aMalalas, John,$dca. 491-ca. 578
100 1#$aMarcellus, Marcus Claudius,$dd. 45 B.C.
100 1#$aLevi, James,$dfl. 1706-1739
100 0#$aJoannes Aegidius,$cZamorensis,$d1240 or 41-ca. 1316
400 1#$aCompton, Winny,$db. 1787
$e - Relator term
Designation of function that describes the relationship between a name and a work.
100 1#$aBlum, Leon,$d1872-1950,$edefendant$tLeon Blum devant la Cour supreme, Riom.$lHebrew
$f - Date of a work
Date of publication used with a title of a work in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aDorst, Tankred.$tWorks.$f1985
100 1#$aSperoni, Sperone,$d1500-1588.$tSelections.$f1982
400 1#$aSperoni, Sperone,$d1500-1588.$tCanace, e scritti in sua difesa.$f1982
Date added parenthetically to a title to distinguish between identical titles entered under the same name is not separately subfield coded.
$g - Miscellaneous information
Data that is not more appropriately contained in another defined subfield. This subfield code is defined for consistency among the name fields. Subfield $g is unlikely to be used in an X00 field.
$h - Medium
Media qualifier used with a title of a work in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aWagner, Richard,$d1813-1883.$tOuvertüre.$hSound recording
$i - Reference instruction phrase [400/500]
Reference instruction phrase other than those that may be system generated from the field tag or from the codes defined for subfield $w (Control subfield). Subfield $i is appropriate only in fields 400 and 500. Guidelines for applying subfield $i are provided in the Tracings and References-General Information section.
$j - Attribution qualifier
Attribution information for names when the responsibility is unknown, uncertain, fictitious, or pseudonymous. Qualifiers should be used that follow the name of a known artist for the work.
100 0#$aE.S.,$cMeister,$d15th cent.,$jFollower of
100 1#$aReynolds, Joshua,$cSir,$d1723-1792,$jPupil of
$k - Form subheading
Occurs in the title portion of an X00 field. Form subheadings used with personal names include Selections.
100 1#$aHusák, Gustáv.$tSpeeches.$kSelections
100 1#$aAkhmatova, Anna Andreevna,$d1889-1966.$tSelections.$lEnglish & Russian.$f1985
[The word Selections is used as a uniform title and is contained in subfield $t.]
100 0#$aDemetrius,$cof Phaleron,$db. 350 B.C.$tDe elocutione.$lRussian
400 0#$wnnaa$aDemetrius,$cof Phaleron.$kSpurious and doubtful works.$tDe elocutione.$lRussian
$l - Language of a work
Name of a language(s) (or a term representing the language, e.g., Polyglot) used with a title of a work in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aCéline, Louis-Ferdinand,$d1894-1961.$tEntretiens avec le professeur Y.$lEnglish & French
100 1#$aJacobs, Una.$tSonnen-Uhr.$lEnglish
100 1#$aBrezina, Otokar,$d1868-1929.$tPoems.$lPolyglot
$m - Medium of performance for music
Term(s) designating the medium of performance used in a uniform title for a work in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aBeethoven, Ludwig van,$d1770-1827.$tSonatas,$mpiano.$kSelections
400 1#$aSpeer, Daniel,$d1636-1707.$tSonatas,$mcornetts (2), trombones (3),$rC major
Subfield $m is not used for medium of performance information in a title page title used in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aBeethoven, Ludwig van, $d1770-1827.$tPiano music.$kSelections
400 1#$aBeethoven, Ludwig van,$d1770-1827.$tBagatelles, rondos and other shorter works for piano
[Title page title]
Multiple adjacent elements in a single medium of performance statement are contained in a single subfield $m. Subfield $m is repeated only when medium of performance statements are separated by subelements contained in other subfields.
100 1#$aArne, Thomas Augustine,$d1710-1778.$tConcertos,$mkeyboard instrument, orchestra.$nNo. 3,$pCon spirito,$mkeyboard instrument
[Subfield $m is repeated due to intervening subelements.]
If the uniform title includes as part of the medium the abbreviation “acc.” or “unacc.,” the abbreviation is recorded in subfield $m. The abbreviation, “unacc.” is recorded in subfield $t when it is not an addition to a statement of medium. When a phrase such as “pianos (2),” “4 hands,” etc., follows a collective uniform title for a specific medium of performance, it is included in subfield $t.
Additional examples are under the descriptions of subfields $o and $r.
$n - Number of part/section of a work
Number designation for a part/section of a work used with a title in a name/title heading. Numbering is defined as an indication of sequencing in any form (e.g., Part 1, Supplement A, Book two). In music titles, the serial, opus, or thematic index number is contained in subfield $n.
100 1#$aCrisp, Thomas,$d17th cent.$tBabel's-builders unmask't.$nPart 1
100 0#$aOvid,$d43 B.C.-17 or 18 A.D.$tArs amatoria.$nLiber 1.$lEnglish
400 1#$aTolkien, J. R. R.$q(John Roland Reuel),$d1892-1973.$tTwo Towers
[Part/section is both numbered and named.]
400 1#$wnnaa$aHindemith, Paul,$d1895-1963.$tSonata,$mpiano, 4 hands$n(1938)
[Parenthetical date in music titles is a part/section of a work.]
400 1#$aHindemith, Paul,$d1895-1963.$tVierhaendige Sonata fuer zwei Klaviere, 1938
[Date is not a part/section number.]
Multiple alternative numberings for a part/section (usually separated by commas) are contained in a single subfield $n.
400 1#$aMendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix,$d1809-1847.$tQuartets,$mstrings,$nno. 7, op. 81
Numbering that indicates a subpart to the first noted part/section (usually separated by a period) is contained in a separate subfield $n.
400 1#$aHindemith, Paul,$d1895-1963.$tPieces,$mstring orchestra,$nop. 44.$nNo. 4
$o - Arranged statement for music
Abbreviation arr. used in a uniform title for a work in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aTelemann, Georg Philipp,$d1681-1767.$tSonatas,$mflutes (2),$nop. 5;$oarr.
100 1#$aSchubert, Franz,$d1797-1828.$tSongs.$kSelections;$oarr.
Subfield $o is not used for an arranged statement in a title page title used in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aMozart, Wolfgang Amadeus,$d1756-1791.$tZauberflöte.$kSelections;$oarr.
400 1#$aMozart, Wolfgang Amadeus,$d1756-1791.$tDuetts, for 2 violins or flutes, arr. from the celebrated opera Zauberflöte
$p - Name of part/section of a work
Name designation of a part or section of a work used with a title in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aHindemith, Paul,$d1895-1963.$tNobilissima visione.$pMeditation
100 1#$aPraetorius, Hieronymus,$d1560-1629.$tOpus musicum.$pCantiones sacrae.$pO vos omnes
100 1#$aDebussy, Claude,$d1862-1918.$tPreludes,$mpiano,$nbook 1,$pCollines d'Anacapri
[Part/section is both numbered and named.]
$q - Fuller form of name
More complete form of the name that is in subfield $a.
100 1#$aKalashnikov, S. D.$q(Sergei Dmitrievich)
100 1#$aCurien, P.-L.$q(Pierre-Louis)
100 0#$aClaudius$q(Claudius Ceccon)
$r - Key for music
Statement of key used in a uniform title for a work in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aBeethoven, Ludwig van,$d1770-1827.$tSonatas,$mpiano,$nno. 13, op. 27, no. 1,$rE major
Not used for a music key in a title page title used in a name/title heading.
100 10$aSchubert, Franz,$d1797-1828.$tSymphonies,$nD. 589$rC major
400 10$aSchubert, Franz,$d1797-1828.$tPetite symphonie en ut majeur
[Title page title]
$s - Version
Version, edition, etc., information used with a title of a work in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aKelly, Michael,$d1762-1826.$tPizarro.$sVocal score
100 0#$aRaimon,$d1940-$tSongs.$sTexts.$lSpanish & Catalan.$kSelections
$t - Title of a work
Title by which an item or a series is identified in a name/title heading.
100 1#$aLaw, Felicia.$tWays we move
400 1#$aLaw, Felicia.$tGetting around!
100 1#$aIhara, Saikaku,$d1642-1693.$tSelections.$f1978
100 0#$aSatprem,$d1923-$tGenèse du surhomme.$lEnglish
100 0#$aLeonardo,$cda Vinci,$d1452-1519.$tLast Supper
100 1#$aLewis, C. S.$q(Clive Staples),$d1898-1963.$tChronicles of Narnia (Collier)
100 1#$aHoff, B. J.$q(Brenda Jane).$tDalton saga
100 1#$aMozart, Wolfgang Amadeus,$d1756-1791.$tPiano music, pianos (2)
100 1#$aDonizetti, Gaetano,$d1797-1848.$tPiano music, 4 hands
Additional examples are under the descriptions of subfields $e, $f, $k, $l, $m, $n, $o, $p, and $r.
$v - Form subdivision
Designates a specific kind or genre of material as defined by the thesaurus being used. Subfield $v is appropriate only when a form subject subdivision is added to a personal name heading to form an extended subject heading. Subfield $v is used for form terms when they function as indicated above; the terms are coded in subfield $x if they function as general subdivisions.
100 0#$aGautama Buddha$vEarly works to 1800
100 3#$aClark family$vFiction
$w - Control subfield [400/500/700]
Codes in one or more character positions defined to control the display of information and specify relationships, restrictions, and status. Subfield $w is appropriate only in field 400, 500, and 700. Character position definitions and guidelines for applying the codes defined for subfield $w in field 400 and 500 are provided in the Tracings and References-General Information section. Character position definitions and guidelines for field 700 are provided in the 7XX Heading Linking Entries-General Information section.
$x - General subdivision
Subject subdivision that is not more appropriately contained in subfield $v (Form subdivision), subfield $y (Chronological subdivision), or subfield $z (Geographic subdivision). Subfield $x is appropriate in the X00 fields only when a topical subject subdivision is added to a name or name/title heading to form an extended subject heading.
100 1#$aBrunhoff, Jean de,$d1899-1937$xCharacters$xBabar
100 1#$aTatlin, Vladimir Evgrafovich,$d1885-1953.$tMonument to the Third International$xCopying
100 0#$aNapoleon$bI,$cEmperor of the French,$d1769-1821$xAssassination attempt, 1800 (December 24)
400 1#$aWashington, George,$d1732-1799$xExpedition, 1753-1754
$y - Chronological subdivision
Subject subdivision that represents a period of time. Subfield $y is appropriate in the X00 fields only when a chronological subject subdivision is added to a name or name/title heading to form an extended subject heading.
100 1#$aShakespeare, William,$d1564-1616$xCriticism and interpretation$xHistory$y18th century
$z - Geographic subdivision
Appropriate in the X00 fields only when a geographic subject subdivision is added to a name or name/title heading to form an extended subject heading.
100 0#$aFrederick$bII,$cHoly Roman Emperor,$d1194-1250$xHomes and haunts$zItaly
$0 - Record control number [500/700]
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.
700 1#$wa$aDostoyevsky, Fyodor,$d1821-1881.$tCrime and punishment$0(DLC)sj##96005302
$2 - Source of heading or term [700]
Code that identifies the source of a heading or term when the second indicator position contains value 7. Subfield $2 is appropriate only in field 700. Guidelines for applying subfield $2 are provided in the 7XX Heading Linking Entries—General Information section.
$5 - Institution to which field applies [400/500/700]
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.
$6 - Linkage
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.
$8 - Field link and sequence number
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

INPUT CONVENTIONS

Ambiguous Headings - See Appendix D: Ambiguous Headings.
Punctuation - Punctuation of the subelements of a heading is generally dictated by descriptive cataloging or subject heading system/thesaurus rules. These input conventions clarify MARC punctuation practices. An X00 field does not end with a mark of punctuation unless the field ends with an abbreviation, an initial/letter, or data that ends with a mark of punctuation.
100 1#$aTomlinson, Bridget
100 1#$aMarmontel, Jean François,$d1723-1799
100 1#$aZweig, Martin.$tWinning on Wall Street
100 1#$aCarter, Elliott,$d1908-$tSuites,$msaxophones (4)
100 1#$aPond, Samuel W.$q(Samuel William)
100 1#$aDance, Daryl Cumber.$tShuckin' and jivin'
400 1#$aDorst, Tankred.$tWerkausgabe.$f1985
100 1#$aSloane, Eugene A.
100 1#$aTrotignon, Yves.$tXXe siecle en U.R.S.S.
100 1#$aSienkiewicz, Henryk,$d1846-1916.$tQuo vadis?
100 1#$aKelterborn, Rudolf,$d1931-
400 1#$aAshkenazi, Shemu el Yafeh,$d16th cent.

Name portion of a name/title field ends with a mark of punctuation. The mark of punctuation is placed inside a closing quotation mark.
100 1#$aRavel, Maurice,$d1875-1937.$tSelections;$oarr.
100 0#$aThomas$c(Anglo-Norman poet).$tRoman de Tristan.$lEnglish
100 0#$aChristo,$d1935-$tSurrounded islands
100 0#$aDemetrius,$cof Phaleron,$db. 350 B.C.$tDe elocutione.$lRussian

Name or title portion followed by a subject subdivision does not end with a mark of punctuation unless the name or title portion ends with an abbreviation, initial/letter, or open date.
100 1#$aSavoskin, Anatolij Nikolajev$xBibliography
100 1#$aTatlin, Vladimir Evgrafovich,$d1885-1953.$tMonument to the Third International$xCopying
100 1#$aCapote, Truman,$d1924-$xCriticism and interpretation
100 0#$aAlexander,$cthe Great,$d356-323 B.C.$xArt
Spacing - Adjacent personal name initials/letters or an abbreviation for a name and an adjacent name or initial/letter are separated by one space.
100 1#$aHyatt, J. B.
100 1#$aFlam, F. A.$q(Floyd A.)
100 1#$aEnschedé, Ch. J.
100 1#$aGorbanev, R. V.$q(Rostislav Vasil´evich)

No spaces are used in initials/letters that do not represent personal names.
100 0#$aCuthbert,$cFather, O.S.F.C.,$d1866-1939
100 1#$aSharma, S. K.,$cM.P.H.

Abbreviations consisting of more than a single letter are separated from preceding and succeeding words or initials/letters by one space.
100 1#$aBrown, G. B.,$cPh. D.
Display Constant
- [dash associated with the content of subfield $x, $y, or $z]
Dash (-) that precedes a subject subdivision in an extended subject heading is not carried in the machine-readable record. It may be system generated as a display constant associated with the content of subfields $x, $y, and $z.

CONTENT DESIGNATOR HISTORY

Indicator 1 - Type of personal name entry element
1 - Single surname [REDEFINED, 1996]
2 - Multiple surname [OBSOLETE, 1996]
Indicator 2 - Nonfiling characters [100/400/500] [OBSOLETE, 1993]
The values were: 0-9 (Number of nonfiling characters present).

$j - Attribution qualifier [NEW, 2000]
$v - Record control number [700] [REDEFINED, 1995] [USMARC only]
$0 - Record control number [500/700] [NEW, 1997]
$3 - Authority record control number [OBSOLETE, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

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