Background Paper: How CBO Projects the Real Rate of Interest on 10-Year Treasury Notes
December 2007
The figures in this background paper use shaded vertical bars to indicate periods of recession as well as dashed vertical lines to separate actual from projected data. (A recession extends from the peak of a business cycle to its trough.)
PrefaceTwice a year, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) makes 10-year projections of the budget that assume a continuation of current policies and laws. Those projections depend in part on the outlook for the economy. This background paper describes CBO’s methodology for projecting the real (inflation-adjusted) rate of interest on 10-year Treasury notes—which is important because it not only affects (and is affected by) economic activity but also directly influences federal outlays, as interest payments on federal debt depend on it.
Angelo Mascaro and Steven Weinberg of CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division prepared this paper, with assistance from Adam Weber and under the supervision of Robert Dennis, John Peterson, and Kim Kowalewski. Larry Ozanne and Thomas Woodward of CBO’s Tax Analysis Division helped with incorporating tax effects into the analysis. Douglas Hamilton, Arlene Holen, Mark Lasky, Donald Marron (forÂmerly of CBO), Marvin Phaup, and Marika Santoro provided comments on a draft.
John Skeen edited the paper, and Christine Bogusz proofread it. Maureen Costantino prepared the paper for publication. Lenny Skutnik produced the printed copies, Linda Schimmel coordinated the distribution, and Simone Thomas prepared the electronic version for CBO’s Web site.