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Finding Aids to Individual Collections in the Archive of Folk Culture
THE FAHNESTOCK SOUTH SEA COLLECTION
AFC 1986/033
Compiled by Marsha McGuire, Stephanie A. Hall, and Michelle Forner
Library of Congress
American Folklife Center
November 1994
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary
Scope and Content Note
Brief History of the Expeditions
General Description of Series
Related Publications
Appendix A: Chronology of the 1940 Fahnestock Expedition
Appendix B: Audio Recordings Duplication Concordance [not available online.
Available in the printed version of this guide.
Appendix C: Specific Dance-Related Material
SUMMARY
The Fahnestock South Sea Collection consists of audio recordings, film
footage, photographs, and accompanying manuscript documentation assembled
by brothers Bruce and Sheridan Fahnestock on two widely-publicized expeditions
to Oceania and Southeast Asia in 1940 and 1941. It documents music and
dance from American Samoa, Fiji, French Polynesia (Marquesas Islands and
Tahiti, Society Islands), Indonesia (Bali, Java, and Madura), Kangean Islands,
and New Caledonia before the large-scale cultural disruptions that followed
World War II. Film and photographs that were shot by an associate during
several of the Fahnestock's recording sessions further inform the materials.
The Collection was donated to the Library of Congress by Margaret Fahnestock
Lewis (wife of Sheridan Fahnestock and a member of the 1940 expedition)
in December 1986. Subsequent research, oral history interviews, an acquisition
ceremony, and resulting products and publications produced between 1987
and 1994 complement the materials gathered during the voyages.
Access and Reproduction: Listening and viewing access
is unrestricted. All rights of the materials donated by Margaret Fahnestock
Lewis, including copyrights, have been dedicated to the public, according
to the Instrument of Gift. The materials donated by Howard Kincheloe may
require permission for publication. The compact disc and the materials
by CNN and NBC are restricted by copyright.
Key Subjects: ayoha; boatmen's songs; children's songs;
ceng-ceng; clothing and dress; costume; dance, Indonesia; dance, Oceania;
dance, Polynesia; divination songs; gamelan gong gede; gamelan gong kebyar;
gamelan joged (or djoged); gender wayang; harvest songs; himene; hymns;
kecak; lali; legong; meke; musical instruments; music, Indonesia; music,
Oceania; music, Polynesia; pangka; pa'oa; pilou-pilou; rari; rice-pounding
songs; rincik; rinding;
sandoer; saronen; sasa; tape'a; taralala; trompong; tyada; 'ute; wanmido; wayang
wong
Physical Description
Series I
Physical Description |
Location Numbers |
Print Materials |
15 folders
1 box disc sleeves
1 box computer diskettes |
|
Sound Recordings |
148 16" and 10" acetate discs |
AFS 25,808-25,955
(Original field recordings) |
13 10" DT mono reels at 7.5 ips |
RWB 6281-A1 to 6290-B10,
RWB 6321-A1 to 6323-A4
(Preservation copies) |
13 7" DT mono reels at 3.75 ips |
(Listening copies) |
1 audiocassette |
Listening copy of RWA 1365A2 |
Graphic Materials |
3 b&w photoprints
1 photo album (copy)
2 b&w photoprints, archival documentation
166 b&w negatives, archival documentation
6 color slides, archival documentation
46 b&w photoprints, Kincheloe
79 b&w negatives, Kincheloe
8 b&w copy negatives, Kincheloe |
|
Moving Image |
5 reels 16 mm silent, color film |
AFC 1986/033:F1-F5
(Original field recordings) |
2 videocassettes 3/4" silent, color
with time code (NOTE: duplicate of tape 1 only) |
AFC 1986/033:F1-F5-v1; LWO 22304 (Preservation copies)
MBRS #VBG7687 |
2 videocassettes 3/4" silent, color
without time code |
AFC 1986/033:F1-F5-v2; LWO 22733 (Preservation copies) |
1 videocassette 1/2" VHS silent, color |
AFC 1986/033:F1-F5-v3
(Viewing copy) |
2 reels 8 mm silent, color film |
AFC 1986/033:F6-F7
(Original field recordings) |
1 videocassette 1/2" VHS silent, color |
AFC 1986/033:F6-F7-v1
(Preservation copy)
|
1 videocassette 1/2" VHS silent, color |
AFC 1986/033:F6-F7-v2
(Viewing copy) |
Series II
Physical Description |
Location Numbers |
Print Materials |
11 folders
1 box (index cards) |
|
Sound Recordings |
8 reels 7" DT mono at 7.5 ips |
AFS 26,830-26,837 |
8 reels 7" DT mono at 7.5 ips |
Listening copies |
1 reel 10" DT mono at 7.5 ips |
AFC 1986/033:SR1 |
1 audiocassette |
AFC 1986/033:SR1-c1
(Listening copy) |
4 audiocassettes |
AFC 1986/033:SR2-5 |
1 compact disc |
AFC 1986/033:SR6 |
Graphic Materials |
5 b&w photoprints
110 b&w negatives
2 b&w contact sheets |
|
Moving Image |
1 videocassette 3/4" silent, color |
AFC 1986/033:V1 |
1 videocassette 3/4" color |
AFC 1986/033:V2
(Original copy) |
1 videocassette 1/2" VHS color |
AFC 1986/033:V2-v1
(Viewing copy) |
SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE
Introduction
The Fahnestock South Sea Collection spans the years 1939-1994, with the
largest portion dating 1940-1941. The collection is arranged into two groups
or series of materials.
Series I consists of materials related to the field expeditions led by
Bruce and Sheridan Fahnestock in 1940 and 1941. It documents music and
dance from American Samoa, Fiji, French Polynesia (Marquesas Islands and
Tahiti, Society Islands), Indonesia (Bali, Java, and Madura), Kangean Islands,
and New Caledonia, and contains possibly the last field recordings made
in Oceania before World War II and the subsequent effects on these cultures.
Film footage and graphic and manuscript materials inform the recordings
as well as provide background information on the expeditions themselves.
After the collection was donated to the library, contact was made with
Howard Kincheloe, whom the Fahnestocks met (along with his wife Shannon)
in Java in 1941. Kincheloe was assigned to Surabaya (now Jakarta), Java
as a flight instructor. The Kincheloes accompanied the Fahnestocks on some
of their recording sessions, during which Mr. Kincheloe took photographs
and shot film of these music and dance events. Kincheloe donated these
materials to the Library in 1991, and they augment the 1941 expedition
recordings in Series I.
Series II consists of more recent materials generated or assembled by
the donor and Library of Congress staff. In 1987 the Library contracted
ethnomusicologist James B. McKee to organize and inventory the collection.
Assisted by reference librarian Gerald E. Parsons, he conducted several
oral history interviews with Mrs. Lewis. In turn, McKee assisted Parsons
in making preservation copies of memorabilia outside the collection and
organizing an acquisition ceremony. These activities generated a number
of audio and video recordings, photographs, and printed materials that
provide further information on the history and goals of the original expeditions.
Additional programs, products, and broadcasts that resulted from processing
the collection are included in this series.
Series I: Original Field Expeditions
The manuscript materials supply information that augments, informs, and
provides access to the primary ethnographic documentation. The administrative
materials include preliminary logs, inventories, a glossary, and a bibliography
compiled and drafted by James McKee. Original correspondence relays background
information about expedition activities and includes first-hand accounts
of the disaster when Director II, the expedition's 137-foot schooner, ran
aground and sank. The documentation of sound recordings describe the contents
and circumstances of the recordings, while the travel documentation details
the second expedition's progress. Included in the newspaper and magazine
commentary are accounts that document the loss of Director II and the accident
that claimed the life of Bruce Fahnestock in 1942.
The primary field audio recordings (organized chronologically to reflect
the routes of the second and third expeditions) captured a variety of styles
representing the traditional and contemporary musics of the South Pacific
and insular Southeast Asia. Of particular interest are recordings of Fijian
legends describing the origin of the Ndakunimba Stones; Samoan choral hymns
introduced by English missionaries; and Balinese gamelan, including the
ceremonial gamelan gong gede, the virtuoso gamelan gong kebyar, and the
gender wayang quartet. The latter form of music accompanies the shadow
plays known as wayang kulit. Also featured in the collection are a number
of children's songs and fairy tales from Java, bull-racing music and boatmen's
songs from Madura, and the only known field recordings from the Kangean
Islands, a small archipelago northeast of Java. This unique group of discs
includes women's divination songs, harvest songs, and rice-pounding songs.
Many of these audio recordings document music that accompanies dance.
Included are Samoan sasa (sitting dances featuring intricate hand movements);
Fijian meke (combining song, dance, and hand clapping, accompaniment by
lali, a large slit-log idiophone); the Balinese kecak, or "monkey
chant" (dance developed from the male chorus for ritual trance ceremonies);
the Tahitian pa'oa and 'ute; Maduran sandoer (harvest songs accompanying
circle dances); New Caledonian pilou-pilou (traditional music and dance
styles); and others.
The audio recordings in this series also include a copy of the NBC Blue
Network radio program broadcast live from Suva, Fiji, by the Fahnestock
expedition on August 19, 1940.
The graphic and moving image materials provide visual commentary and background
information on the audio recordings and expeditions. Included are photographs
documenting Balinese gamelan music and dance events and memorabilia, such
as a copy of Margaret Fahnestock Lewis' photo album of the second expedition.
The Fahnestock expedition film documents the progress of the 1940 journey;
it includes scenes of the crew's activities and some scant documentation
of dancing. The Kincheloe film, made as a "home movie," includes
short scenes of Balinese gamelan music and dance events (also documented
in the still photographs) and Maduran bull races.
Series II: Oral history, acquisition ceremony, and products
The manuscript material in Series II contains information on the field expeditions
not included with the donor's original gift, as well as on ensuing research,
events, and products that resulted from acquiring the collection. It includes
transcripts from the recorded oral history interviews with the donor; administrative
materials related to the 1988 ceremony that marked the acquisition of the collection
by the Library of Congress; publications, press coverage, and publicity on
the collection and acquisition ceremony; and written materials from a 1993
lecture held at the Library of Congress on the collection. A 1965 typewritten
obituary for Sheridan Fahnestock and magazine articles in which the Fahnestocks
and crew members discuss the expeditions also form part of the manuscript materials.
The first oral history interview with Margaret Fahnestock Lewis, conducted
in the Library's National Programs Office on January 20, 1988, provides
background information on the five reels of silent film contained in Series
I (recorded while watching the footage). The second oral history interview,
recorded in the Library of Congress Whittall Pavilion on January 21, 1988,
includes anecdotes and reminiscences about the voyages. Other audio recordings
include a documentation of the 1988 acquisition ceremony; a copy of "Sounds
from the LC Collection," a 1988 radio program describing the collection;
a narrative recorded by Howard Kincheloe in 1993 in which he describes
the scenes on his Indonesian trip film; and "Music for the Gods," a
1994 compact disc release on the Ryko label featuring selections from the
original Indonesian recordings.
The photographs in this series relate to the events described above. One
set documents the donor's oral history interview. Another set provides
a visual record of the acquisition ceremony held at the Library of Congress
on March 14, 1988, and includes images of some of the crew members, drawings,
publications, and artifacts associated with the expeditions. A third set
of photographs documents water damage that occurred to the discs in 1988
as a result of a burst pipe and the measures taken to dry them.
The video recordings in this series relate to the 1988 acquisition ceremony.
One videotape contains excerpts from the Fahnestock expedition film; it
was shown during the ceremony. The other videotape is a copy of the CNN
Newswatch report, filmed at the ceremony, that describes the collection
and the event.
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE EXPEDITIONS
The history of the expeditions begins with the story of their leaders,
brothers Bruce and Sheridan Fahnestock. They were born several years apart
in the early 1910s in Washington, DC, to Adam Bruce Fahnestock, a successful
inventor and consulting engineer, and Mary Sheridan Fahnestock, an avid
collector and writer. As the boys grew up in Manhassat, New York, their
youth was spent sailing and boat racing on the Long Island Sound. A small
inheritance from cousin John Hubbard in the early 1930s allowed them to
fulfill a dream: to do the things they loved best--sailing and writing--and
buy themselves a future through exploring and collecting.
The brothers set out to make their dream a reality. After a year spent
acquiring a suitable boat, the 65-foot schooner, Director, and studying
at the American Museum of Natural History, the Fahnestocks sailed from
New York City to the coast of China. Between 1934 and 1937, they uncovered
a set of ancient petroglyphs carved into the fragments of what was once
a 50-foot-high monolith buried deep in the forest near the village of Ndakunimba,
Vanua Levu Island, Fiji. Today these fragments are known as the Ndakunimba
Stones. Their origin remains a mystery. While the petroglyphs were at first
thought to have been an early notational system, they have yet to be deciphered.
Bruce and Sheridan described their experiences on this first expedition
in a book, Stars to Windward (1938); their recently widowed mother, Mary
Sheridan Fahnestock, accompanied them on the trip and gave her account
in I Ran Away to Sea at Fifty (1939).
The second expedition (the first in which sound recordings were made)
began in February 1940 when the Fahnestock brothers and a 17-member crew
left New York Harbor in their three-masted, 137-foot schooner Director
II, a gift from John Hubbard's widow, Helen Fahnestock Hubbard. During
a nine-month period, they traveled to American Samoa, Fiji, French Polynesia,
New Caledonia, and Australia, recording music and collecting Pacific bird
specimens for the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
The expedition ended abruptly on October 18 when the ship struck a shoal
and sank near Gladstone, Australia. Nearly everything on board was lost,
and the expedition was forced to return to the United States eight months
sooner than planned. The damages totaled more than one hundred thousand
dollars.
In February 1941, the Fahnestock brothers traveled to the Dutch East Indies
(now Indonesia), chartered a sailboat, and during the next ten months,
recorded the music of Bali, Java, Madura, and also the Kangean Islands.
Years later, it was revealed that this trip was also an intelligence assignment
undertaken at the request of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. At an
earlier White House meeting, the President had asked them to evaluate Dutch
military preparations on Java, assess the usefulness of small watercraft
for Pacific Islands combat, and ensure that U.S. defense funds allocated
to Southeast Asia were being properly spent.
In January 1942, the Fahnestock brothers gave a lecture to a capacity
audience at Town Hall in New York City. Excerpts from their field collection
were played in public for the first time. Columbia Records expressed an
interest in issuing the recordings, but several weeks after the Town Hall
lecture, Bruce, Sheridan, and several members of the Director II crew were
on their way to New Guinea. There they served in the U.S. Army's Small
Ships Section, a picturesque assemblage of sailboats, fishing trawlers,
dories, and freighters run by American and Australian troops. This colorful
operation, which inspired the 1960s television comedy series, The Wackiest
Ship in the Army, was responsible for ferrying soldiers and supplies into
battle. On October 18, 1942, two years to the day after the Director II
disaster, Bruce Fahnestock was killed in New Guinea when the fishing trawler
on which he traveled was mistakenly attacked by an American fighter plane.
In 1945, Sheridan Fahnestock was named Chief of Overseas Operations, Transport
Command, for the invasion of the Philippines and the assault on Japan.
After his return to private life, he devoted himself to raising a family
and to publishing newspapers in Southern Maryland. He died in 1965, without
again attempting to release his recordings.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SERIES
SERIES I: ORIGINAL FIELD EXPEDITIONS
MANUSCRIPTS
Location
|
Contents
|
Box 1
|
Disc sleeves. Approximately 111 16" paper
disc sleeves with handwritten notes and numbers. Arranged in AFS
number order, AFS 25,808-25,955. (Sleeves containing no information
have been discarded.)
|
Folders 1-4
|
Administrative materials regarding
the collection:
1) the collection register [this document];
2) preliminary inventories, reference aids, logs, and glossary researched
and assembled by James McKee;
3) print-outs of nine computer diskette directories (also containing
documents for Series II materials);
4) correspondence (1986-1991) principally about the donation of the collection
and its initial processing, primarily between the Library and Margaret
Fahnestock Lewis, and correspondence (1991-1994) between AFC staff and
Howard Kincheloe concerning the donation and handling of his additions
to the collection. Correspondence is arranged chronologically.
|
Folders 5-6
|
Correspondence. One original, one
copy, arranged chronologically (1939-1950, bulk 1940-41). Correspondence
chiefly documents the activities of the second expedition, including
first-hand accounts of the shipwreck. Most are communications between
expedition members and administrators at the American Museum of Natural
History. Also included is correspondence between expedition members
and others such as the Columbia Recording Corporation concerning
the third expedition's activities and recordings
|
Folders 7-8
|
Documentation of sound recordings
and recording notes. One original, one copy, arranged in loose chronological
order. Typewritten and handwritten documentation includes notes on
the contents of certain discs, such as titles, instrumentation, and
lyrics. Also included are lecture notes for a music presentation
at the Manhattan School of Music in New York City (1942).
|
Folders 9-11
|
Travel documentation. Two copies of
the Log Book for the Director II, January-October, 1940 (123 pages).
Log book continues with the Director's Proxy, November 1953-May 1957
(1 page), and Director III, June 1957-May 1967 (14 pages). One folder
(2 copies) consisting of the shipping articles for the second expedition,
signed June 4, 1940, and a storage receipt.
|
Folder 12
|
Technical information on recording
equipment. Original booklets and articles on operating instructions
and technical information for the Presto recording equipment.
|
Folder 13
|
NBC broadcast transcripts. Partial
and edited transcripts of the NBC Blue Network radio broadcast of
August 19, 1940 from Suva, Fiji, that featured the Fahnestock South
Sea Expedition. Museum of Broadcasting disc #13589; RWA 1365A2. (See "Audio
recordings.")
|
Folders 14-15
|
Newspaper and magazine commentary.
Two copies of press coverage and magazine articles about the Fahnestock
South Sea Expeditions and the Fahnestock family. Arranged chronologically
(1939-1974; bulk 1940-41).
|
Box 4 |
Computer diskettes. Nine 5 1/4" regular density
diskettes housed in three computer storage boxes. Written in Wordperfect
5.1; formatted in MS-DOS. A few files are written in a Macintosh desktop
publishing program. The diskettes contain administrative files concerning
the collection, including correspondence, memorandum, inventories,
and drafts of registers. They also include files relating to Series
II activities, programs, and products. Preservation copies made on
3 1/2" high density diskettes. |
AUDIO RECORDINGS
Expedition recordings: 148 16" and 10" acetate discs of original
field recordings. Arranged chronologically. AFS 25,808-25,955. Preserved
on 13 10" DT mono reels, RWB 6281-A1 to 6290-B10 and RWB 6321-A1 to
6323-A4. Listening copies are available in the Folklife Reading Room. A
preliminary, detailed disc-by-disc inventory is included in "James
McKee's Research Materials," folder 2.
NBC Blue Network broadcast: One 10 1/2" reel recording of live broadcast
featuring the Fahnestock South Sea Expedition, Suva, Fiji, August 19, 1940.
Part of the NBC Radio Collection in the Recorded Sound Division. RWA 1365A2.
Listening copy is available in the Folklife Reading Room. See folder 13
for transcripts.
GRAPHIC MATERIALS
Location |
Contents |
Folder 16 |
Photoprints. Three black and white photoprints (two
5 x 7, one 8 x 10) from the second Fahnestock expedition, 1940. One
public relations photograph of Mary Sheridan Fahnestock, Coleman Glover
(radio technician) and Manchu spaniel "Siege" taken aboard
Director II in New York harbor for release when the broadcast took
place. Two different close-ups showing Director II as she sinks off
the coast of Australia. Photographers are unknown. |
Folder 17 |
Archival documentation of photo album. Two copies of
photo album from the second Fahnestock expedition, 55 pages. Includes
photographs, newspaper clippings, and letters. Primarily documents
expedition members; some photographs include captions. (See detailed
inventory in "James McKee's research materials," folder 2.)
Photographer is unknown. |
Folder 18 |
Archival documentation of newspaper and magazine commentary.
Five sheets of black and white 35 mm negatives (131 images, many multiples)
recording the collection's newspaper clippings, magazine articles,
and accompanying photographs (see folders 14-15). Photographed by Gerald
Parsons, 1988. |
Folder 19 |
Archival documentation of drawings. One sheet of black
and white 35 mm negatives (14 images), 6 color slides (two of each
drawing), and one black and white 8 x 10 photoprint copying three of
expedition artist Ed Dair's drawings (collection of Margaret Fahnestock
Lewis). Photographed by Gerald Parsons, 1988. |
Folder 20 |
Archival documentation of expedition logo. One sheet
of black and white 35 mm negatives (19 images) and one positive black
and white 8 x 10 print copying part of a disc sleeve featuring identification
notes and expedition logo. Photographed by Gerald Parsons, 1988. |
Box 10 |
Photoprints. 46 black and white 3 1/2 x 5 photoprints
primarily of gamelan musicians and dancers, Bali, 1941. Photographed
by Howard Kincheloe. Eight copy negatives of selected shots. Original
negatives in folder 21 |
Folder 21 |
Negatives. Four sheets of black and white 35 mm negatives
(79 images) taken by Howard Kincheloe, 1941, in Bali and Java. Original
negatives of photoprints listed above. |
MOVING IMAGES
Fahnestock expedition film: Five reels of 16mm, silent, color, and black-and-white
film documenting parts of the second field expedition (1940). AFC 1986/033:F1-F5.
The film was assembled by crew member Philip Farley from original footage
filmed by Farley and Margaret Fahnestock Lewis. Running time is approximately
75 minutes. Transferred for preservation purposes to two silent, color,
and black and white 3/4" videocassettes with a time code visible at
the bottom of the screen (a second copy exists without the time code).
Viewing copy is available in the Folklife Reading Room. See film log in "James
McKee's research material" (folder 2). In addition, the donor has
provided detailed commentary on the footage in an oral history interview
recorded at the Library of Congress on January 21, 1988 (see Series II,
Audio recordings, AFS 26,830-26,837).
Kincheloe film: Two reels of 8 mm, silent, color film ("home movies")
documenting Shannon and Howard Kincheloe's trip to Indonesia (1941). AFC 1986/033:F6-F7.
Filmed by Howard Kincheloe. Running time is approximately 45 minutes. Included
are scenes of Hawaii, New Zealand, Java, Madura, and Bali. Pertinent to the
collection are scenes of gamelan music and dance filmed in Bali, presumably
while the Fahnestocks were recording the music, and bull races in Madura. Transferred
for preservation purposes to 1/2" silent, color VHS videocassette. Viewing
copy is available in the Folklife Reading Room. See description of scenes in "James
McKee's research material" (folder 2). See accompanying photoprints listed
above.
SERIES II: ORAL HISTORY, ACQUISITION CEREMONY, AND PRODUCTS
MANUSCRIPTS
Location
|
Contents
|
Folders 22-24
|
Administrative materials:
1) correspondence (1988-1994) between LC and Folklife staff and others
concerning the acquisition ceremony and the collection;
2) and 3) James McKee's research notes and related material pertaining
to the initial research and processing of the collection.
|
Box 9
|
Index cards also containing McKee's
research housed in 3 X 5 cardbox with reference audiocassettes
|
Folder 25
|
Oral history interviews. Transcripts,
questions, and notes from the interviews with donor Margaret Fahnestock
Lewis, January 20-21, 1988. Conducted by Gerald Parsons and James
McKee, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. See audio recordings
AFS 26,830-26,837.
|
Folders 26-28
|
Acquisition ceremony, March 14, 1988,
Whittall Pavilion, Library of Congress:
1) acquisition event materials such as script, agenda, invitation, room
layout, and copies of exhibit labels;
2) Gerald Parsons' file containing administrative paperwork concerning
the acquisiont event under subjects such as communications, scripts,
arrangements, audio/visual, and exhibits;
3) original invitation in the form of a 16" disc sleeve (oversize
folder located in the map drawer). See audio recording AFC 1986/033:SR1.
|
Folder 29
|
Event/collection press coverage and
publicity. Written materials (such as press releases and articles)
generated by the Library and Center about the collection and acquisition
ceremony, and outside news coverage, such as newspaper clippings
and transcripts from CNN television reports. (See video recording
AFC 1986/033:V2 for CNN report.)
|
Folder 30
|
Publications about the collection.
Original copies of the Library of Congress Information Bulletin,
the Folklife Center News, and the descriptive leaflet in the shape
of a disc sleeve (used as the invitation to the ceremony)
|
Folder 31
|
Lecture program. Publicity and program
information concerning James McKee's presentation, "The Fahnestock
Collection of South Seas Music and Folklore," May 14, 1993,
Library of Congress.
|
Folder 32 |
Writings about/by expedition members. Published articles
and manuscripts about the expeditions and the collectors (1940-1982).
Arranged chronologically. |
Folder 33
|
Compact disc release publicity. Press
release and publicity photographs concerning the release of "Music
for the Gods" compact disk by Rykodisc, October 18, 1994. See
audio recording AFC 1986/033:SR6.
|
AUDIO RECORDINGS
Oral history interviews: Eight 7" DT mono reels. AFS 26,830-26,837.
Interviews with Margaret Fahnestock Lewis conducted by Gerald Parsons and
James McKee, Library of Congress, January 20-21, 1988. Listening copies
are available in the Folklife Reading Room. See folder 25 for written transcripts
and notes.
Acquisition ceremony: One 10" DT mono reel. AFC 1986/033:SR1. Audio
recording of the acquisition ceremony held March 14, 1988, Whittall Pavilion,
Library of Congress. Listening copy is available in the Folklife Reading
Room. See folders 26-27.
"Sounds from the LC Collection": One audiocassette copy of a
15-minute radio program recorded in April 1988 by James McKee on the Fahnestock
collection. AFC 1986/033:SR2. Part of the "Sounds from the LC Collection" series
that was broadcast on WETA during intermissions of live concerts from Coolidge
Auditorium.
"Fahnestock radio demo": Two audiocassettes of excerpts from
expedition audio recordings used by McKee to make the "Sounds from
the LC Collections" program. AFC 1986/033:SR3-4.
Narration of Kincheloe film: One audiocassette (AFC 1986/033:SR5) of Kincheloe's
description of the scenes in his 1941 film (AFC 1986/033:F6-F7). Synchronized
to the VHS copy. Recorded and accessioned in 1993.
Compact disc recording: "Music for the Gods--The Fahnestock South
Sea Expedition: Indonesia," AFC 1986/033:SR6. Released October 1994
by Rykodisc and the American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress.
Part of the Endangered Music Project. Produced by Mickey Hart and Alan
Jabbour. Includes a 22-page booklet with background information and liner
notes.
GRAPHIC MATERIALS
Location |
Contents |
Folder 34 |
Interview session photographs. Two sheets of black and
white 35 mm negatives (42 images) and three black and white 8 x 10
photoprints, primarily taken of Margaret Fahnestock Lewis during interview
sessions, January 1988. Photographed by Carl Fleischhauer. See folder
25 and
AFS 26,830-26,837. |
Folder 35 |
Acquisition ceremony photographs. Two black and white
35 mm contact sheets (42 images) and two black and white 8 x 10 photoprints
documenting speakers and guests at the ceremony held March 1988. Photographed
by Library staff; negatives housed in Public Affairs Division. See
folders 26-27 and audio recording AFC 1986/033:SR1. |
Folder 36 |
Disc water damage photographs. One sheet of black and
white 35 mm negatives (26 images) documenting water damage to discs
and sleeves that occurred at the Library in 1988 due to a burst pipe
and subsequent drying arrangements. Photographed by Center staff. (See
3/21/88 memo in "Administrative materials--correspondence," folder
22.) |
MOVING IMAGES
Expedition film excerpts: One 3/4" silent, color videocassette, AFC
1986/033:V1. Excerpts from Fahnestock expedition film shown during the
acquisition ceremony, March 1988. See "Acquisition ceremony," folder
26, for identification of excerpts.
CNN Newswatch: One 3/4" color videocassette copy, AFC 1986/033:V2.
Television news report on Cable News Network, aired March 14-15, 1988.
Approximately 2 1/2 minutes. Reported by David French. Filmed at the acquisition
ceremony, it includes interviews with Margaret Fahnestock Lewis and Alan
Jabbour. Viewing copy is available in the Folklife Reading Room. See "Event/collection
press coverage and publicity," folder 29, for transcript of the broadcast.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Burman-Hall, Linda. "The Fahnestock South Sea Collection: New Light
on Old Madurese Music." The Madura Reader. The Netherlands:
Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, University of Leiden.
(Forthcoming)
Fahnestock, Bruce, and Sheridan Fahnestock. Stars to Windward.
New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1938.
Fahnestock, Mary Sheridan. I Ran Away to Sea at Fifty. New York:
Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1939.
McKee, James. "South Sea Collection Comes to Folk Archive." Folklife
Center News X, no. 2 (Spring 1988): 4-6.
"South Sea Collection Presented to Library, Lay in Attic for 45 Years." Library
of Congress Information Bulletin 47, no. 11 (March 14, 1988): 97-98.
APPENDIX A
CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1940 FAHNESTOCK EXPEDITION
February 1 Director II leaves New York
February 11 San Salvador (Watling Island), Bahama Islands
February 13 Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
February 26 Colon, Panama
March 9 Perlas Archipelago
April 3-10 Sailed from Panama to Galapagos
April 10-14 Galapagos Islands
April 15-May 8 Sailed from Galapagos Islands to Marquesas Islands
May 9 Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands
May 13 Sailed from Hiva Oa to Nuka Hiva, Marquesas Islands
May 14 Nuka Hiva, Marquesas Islands
May 15-21 Sailed from Marquesas Islands to Tahiti
May 21-June 18 Papeete, Tahiti
June 18-27 Sailed from Tahiti to Samoa
June 27-July 17 Pago Pago, Samoa
July 17-23 Sailed from Samoa to Fiji
July 23-26 Suva, Fiji
July 26-28 Sailed from Suva to Ndakunimba, Fiji
July 28-31 Ndakunimba, Fiji
July 31-August 2 Somosomo, Taveuni Island, Fiji
August 2-3 Sailed from Somosomo to Suva
August 3-14 Suva, Fiji
August 15-23 Sailed from Suva to Noumea, New Caledonia
August 23-Sept. 2 Noumea, New Caledonia
Sept. 2-4 Sailed from Noumea to Tao Bay, New Caledonia
Sept. 4-25 Tao Bay, New Caledonia
Sept. 25-27 Sailed from Tao Bay to Noumea
Sept. 27-30 Noumea, New Caledonia
Sept. 30-Oct. 6 Sailed from Noumea towards Australia
October 7 Moreton Bay, Brisbane, Australia
October 7-15 Vacationed in Brisbane
October 16-17 Sailed from Brisbane to Gladstone, Australia
October 18 Director II runs aground in Curtis Channel, 13 miles off Gladstone
APPENDIX B
AUDIO RECORDING CONCORDANCE
Available with the printed version of this guide. Request by email to
folklife@loc.gov
APPENDIX C
SPECIFIC DANCE-RELATED MATERIAL
This appendix lists the audio recordings, photographs, and film footage from
the Fahnestock South Sea Collection (Series I) that include dance content.
Dance in Indonesia and Polynesia is often an integral part of a music event.
However, since the Fahnestocks were primarily interested in documenting music,
they did not always note when music events included dance. In addition, the
film and still photographs included in the collection were ancillary; hence,
dance documentation is short and unannotated. Nonetheless, it provides what
may be rare glimpses of movement vocabulary, material culture, and other
dance event characteristics for the dances documented.
The information about the audio recordings is based on a preliminary inventory
prepared by James McKee. Included below are entries that specifically mention
dance as part of the documented music event, based on notes recorded by
the Fahnestocks and McKee's research. Where appropriate, references are
made to the corresponding recording on "Music for the Gods," the
compact disc released in 1994 on the Rykodisc label. The CD liner notes
provide additional information.
The Fahnestock expedition film and the Howard Kincheloe film include some
brief dance scenes. The dance still photographs taken by Kincheloe seem
to correlate with his film footage. In addition, a correlation probably
exists between the films, the still photographs, and the audio recordings,
but more research is needed to verify these connections. Due to these circumstances,
this appendix may not include all the dance-related audio recordings in
the collection.
See the glossary in "McKee's research materials" (folder 2)
for explanations of most dance and music terms; see McKee's preliminary "audio
recordings inventory" (folder 2) for more detailed comments and information
on the recordings.
AUDIO RECORDINGS
FHN = information derived from the collection's original documentation,
such as the disc sleeves, recording notes, etc.
McK = information derived from James McKee's research on the recordings.
AFS No.: 25,808 A
FHN: Marquesan Group No. 1, "To Huite Ture ite Aia"
McK: Side A: Rari, performed by a female soloist and male chorus.
Location: Marquesas Date: May 1940
AFS No.: 25,809 A-B
McK: Side A: 1) Brief chant (labeled "Pig dance"; 2) Tapea or Rari:
female soloist, male chorus; 3) Tapea or Rari: female soloist, male chorus.
Side B: 1) Rari: "Ep iti a huru maile," female soloist, male unison
chorus.
Location: Marquesas Date: May 1940
AFS No.: 25,810 A-B.
FHN: Marquesan Group No. 5--Pohituau Rari; No. 6--Etahi Miriokoehu (Rari).
McK: Side A: Rari, "Pohituau Rari," female soloist, male chorus.
Side B: Rari, "Etahi Miriokoehu Rari," female soloist, male chorus.
Location: Marquesas Date: May 1940
AFS No.: 25,812 A.
FHN: Marquesan Group No. 10, Tapea, Rari.
McK: Side A: 1) Tapea or Rari, female soloist with male chorus.
Location: Marquesas Date: May 1940
AFS No.: 25,816 A
FHN: #I (Inside) Marquesan Rari=Prophecy; II-III-IV-Pupuana ("Tahitian" crossed
out); Paumotou?
McK: Side A: 1) Pupuana; 2) Pupuana; 3) Pupuana; 4) Rari performed by mixed
chorus.
Location: Marquesas Date: May 19, 1940
AFS No.: 25,826 A
FHN: Outside in, Tahiti #6. #9 Ute-Paumotuan. #10 in four parts ute with bamboo
pipe (tube).
#11 Ute -------> dance
McK: Side A: 1) Ute or song with guitar accompaniment; male soloist and chorus,
steady rhythmic accompaniment by either "bamboo pipes" or stamping
tubes; 2) sounds like either a repeat or
a dub or No. 1; 3) either a repeat or a dub of No. 1; 4) song with 2-part female
singing, accompanied by guitar or uke and handclapping; 5) same ensemble as
No. 4; 6) similar to No. 5 and 6, but with accompaniment by male chorus.
Location: Society Islands Date: May-June 1940
AFS No.: 25,829 B
FHN: Side B: Two Sasa dances; A) Sasa with no special name. B) Simon dance
(usual).
McK: Side B: 1) Sasa with rhythm produced by small drum or idiophone; 2) Sasa.
Performed by the Fita Fita Guard Chorus.
Location: Pago Pago, Samoa Date: June-July 1940
AFS No.: 25,830 A
FHN: A Siva siva, "Tutuila ma Manua," the Fita Fita Guard Chorus.
McK: Side A: "Tutuila ma Manua," accompanied by guitar and occasional
handclaps.
Location: Pago Pago, Samoa Date: June-July 1940
AFS No.: 25,833 A-B
FHN: S6B, Pago Pago -- Sasa dance, directed by Tuia. S7A Pago Pago, Samoa,
Native Teachers of American Samoa. A Siva siva dance "Vi'i o Faia'oga
Samoa" Composed by Sete, directed by Suiava.
McK: Side A: 1) Sasa; 2) sasa. (recording quality poor).
Side B: Siva siva "Vi'i o Faia'oga Samoa," sung by chorus with stamping
feet, handclaps.
Location: Pago Pago, Samoa Date: June-July 1940
AFS No.: 25,834 A
FHN: S7B, Siva siva, same as record #S-7A. S8A, English song and dance "The
Mosquito Song."
McK: Side A: A siva siva dance, "Vi'i o Faia'oga Samoa"; this is
a repeat, but not a dub, of 25,833 B.
Side B: Choral singing in the manner of Side A. Both pieces are performed by
the Native Teachers of American Samoa.
Location: Pago Pago, Samoa Date: June-July 1940
AFS No.: 25,841 A
FHN: Taralala: music to accompany Fijian dance.
McK: Taralala performed by male soloist, chorus and lali.
Location: Ndakunimba, Vanua Levu, Fiji Date: July 29-31, 1940
AFS No.: 25,842 A
McK: Side A: 7) Announcement by George Folster and performance of Meke ni Vatu
Vola with voices and lali.
Location: Ndakunimba, Vanua Levu, Fiji Date: July 29-31, 1940
AFS No.: 25,843 A
FHN: #13 -- Meke ni Vatu Vola Vola, Fiji.
McK: Side A: 1) Meke ni Vatu Vola (Ndakunimba)
Location: Ndakunimba, Vanua Levu, Fiji Date: July 29-31, 1940
AFS No.: 25,845 A-B
FHN: NC 1A & B. Noumea, New Caledonia. Test and dance clapping. 1A: Ose
he lesu; 1B: Tahnikeu As. NC 2A, 2B, Dance.
McK: Side A: 1) Short test; 2) "Ose he lesu"; 3) "Tahnikeu As."
Side B: 1) "Huliwa uyipici"; 2) "Ciricon"
Location: Noumea, New Caledonia Date: August 27, 1940
AFS Number: 25,846 A, 25,846 B.
Fahnestock Disc Number: NC 3, NC 4.
Format: One 16" disc, 78 rpm, recorded on both sides.
FHN: No. 3a-3b; 3b--Bova: a pilou pilou-music for dancing w/dance soloist.
3a--Chopei waheotigat. 4A--Nyima Keliweziso Funeral Song (Missionary), 4B (inside
of disc) Simona Lona, a song of Tabby and Jouha.
McK: Side A: 1) Announcement, "music for a dance"; 2) "Bova" (Pilou-Pilou);
3) "Chopei wahcotigat."
Side B: 1) Brief announcement; 2) "Simona Lona"; 3) "Nyima Keliweziso."
Location: Noumea, New Caledonia Date: August 27, 1940
AFS No.: 25,848 A-B
FHN: C2-A 1) Tyada, 2) Ayoha, as sung in Yengen dialect; both are feast dances
-- the Tyada uses bark clappers and bamboo poles. Men's chorus. C2-B: Wanmido
-- dance music sung by men from village of Ouaieme, using bark clappers and
bamboo poles. Mixed chorus.
McK: Side A: 1) Tyada dance sung in Yengen (a coastal village northwest of
Tao) dialect, accompanied by bark clappers and bamboo stamping tubes (see no.
33). 2) Ayoha, also sung in the Yengen dialect. Both pieces are feast dances,
sung by men and women; the tyada uses a men's chorus.
Side B: Wanmido dance music sung by men from the village of Ouaieme (also on
the northeastern coast, about 10 km southeast of Tao). Mixed chorus, accompanied
by bark clappers and bamboo stamping tubes.
Location: Tao, New Caledonia Date: September 12, 1940
AFS No.: 25,851 A-B
McK: 2A: Kecak. 2B: Kecak.
Location: Bedulu, Gianyar District, South Bali Date: April 22, 1941
AFS No.: 25,868 A-B See also CD cut #5
McK: Side A: Gender wajang, title: "Pemoengkah"
Side B: Gender Wajang, title: "Abimenijoe"
Location: Ubud, Bali Date: 1941
AFS No.: 25,872 A-B
McK: Side A: 1) music by gender wayang; 2) same
Side B: 1) music by gender wayang; 2) same
McK: Both sides are music to accompany wayang wong, the masked-dance drama
derived from the famous wayang kulit, or shadow-puppet theatre. The music is
provided by the gamelan batel, an ensemble consisting of the percussion instruments
used in the gamelan gambuh, plus the gender wayang ensemble, consisting of
a quartet of metallophones.
Location: Bali Date: 1941
AFS No.: 25,874 A
McK: Side A: 1) a brief excerpt of the kecak; 2) gamelan semar pegulingan
Location: Unknown Date: 1941
AFS No.: 25,878 A-B
McK: Side A: 1) drumming; 2) gender wayang (I think)
Side B: 1) sounds like gender wayang; 2) gong gede; 3) gong gede
Location: Unknown Date: 1941.
AFS No.: 25,879 A-B See also CD cut #10
McK: Side A: Kecak
Side B: Kecak
Location: Unknown Date: 1941
AFS No.: 25,881
McK: Side A: 1) sounds like gender wayang; 2) sounds like gong kebyar
Location: Bali Date: 1941
AFS No.: 25,882 A-B
FHN: Side III: Kecak, Side IIIB: Kecak.
McK: Side A: Kecak
Side B: Kecak
Location: Bali Date: 1941
AFS No.: 25,895 A
McK:Side A: Pangka: 1) "Laghoe Pangka'"; 2) "Laghoe bhoettong";
3) "Laghoe totteng."
Location: Ardjasa, W. Kangean Island Date: June 5, 1941
AFS No.: 25,896 A-B
McK: Side A: Gamelan Pentja: used for sword-dances. Recorded on two sides.
Location: Ardjasa, W. Kangean Island Date: June 5, 1941
AFS No.: 25,921 A-B
McK: Side A: Two short pieces by saronen ensemble: 1) in slendro; 2) in pelog.
Side B: One short piece by saronen ensemble in slendro, possibly a test.
Location: Pamekasan, SE Madura Date: June 3, 1941
AFS No.: 25,924 A-B
McK: Side A: Sandoer, title: "Oreng kossong."
Side B: Sandoer, title: "Songkar."
Location: Pamekasan, SE Madura Date: June 3, 1941
AFS Number: 25,928 A-B See also CD cut #7
McK: Side A: Sandoer (cf. no. 113), "Laghoe rennang."
Side B: Sandoer "Laghoe dindang."
Location: Waroe, Madura Date: June 3, 1941
PHOTOGRAPHS
By Howard Kincheloe:
(seem to correlate to the film footage--see below)
Legong. Bali, 1941
(see "Dance 2" listed under film)
AFC 1986/033:PP15-31-p1,n1
AFC 1986/033:PP15-32-p1,n1
AFC 1986/033:PP15-33-p1
AFC 1986/033:PP15-34-p1,n1
AFC 1986/033:PP15-35-p1,n1
AFC 1986/033:PP15-36-p1
Legong Kraton. Bali, 1941
(see "Dance 3" listed under film)
AFC 1986/033:PP14-7-p1
AFC 1986/033:PP14-8-p1
AFC 1986/033:PP14-11-p1
AFC 1986/033:PP14-12-p1
AFC 1986/033:PP14-9
AFC 1986/033:PP14-13
FILMS
Fahnestock Expedition (1940): AFC 1986/033:F1-F5
(NOTE: video seems speeded up due to transfer procedures)
Timecode Location Duration Description
1:52:00 Tahiti 1:25 minutes Women solo, in pairs, unidentified dancing
in grass skirts
1:58:36 Samoa 13 seconds Unidentified dance: group with soloists in front
2:01:18 Samoa 1:57 minutes Unidentified solo male dance (comedian?) and girls
performing sasa
6:02:08 New Caledonia 22 seconds Unidentified women group dancing on board
Director II
Kincheloe: AFC 1986/033:F6-F7
(NOTE: video seems speeded up due to transfer procedures)
3 dance scenes (seem to correlate with photoprints listed). Bali, 1941:
Dance 1: Oleg tamulilangan (bumblebee dance) OR djoged or gandrong (social
dance)
52 seconds (boy and girl dancing in traditional dress; girl with fan)
Dance 2: Legong (pure dance without story)
2:24 minutes (two girls dancing simultaneously)
Dance 3: Legong kraton (dance drama: Lasem)
2:38 minutes (three girls; two dance simultaneously)
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