TEXT Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages under current and replaced private Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private industry Table 3. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining Table 6. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of Table 7. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private Table 9. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the Table 11. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 Table 12. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining Technical Information: USDL: 94-38 Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EST William Davis (202) 606-6277 Tuesday, January 25, 1994 Media Contact: (202) 606-5902 MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 1993 Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry during the fourth quarter of 1993 called for annual changes in wage rates over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were specified in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This relationship has existed since the first quarter of 1992, with the exception of the third quarter of 1992. The Bureau's series on major collective bargaining statistics covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers. Wage rate changes under settlements Fourth-quarter settlements specified wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.9 percent in the first year of the agreements and 2.0 percent annually over the term of the contracts. (See table 1.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced (which were primarily negotiated in 1990) were increases of 3.4 percent and 2.2 percent. (Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments are not included in specified wage rate changes.) During the quarter, 57 settlements, covering 789,000 workers, were concluded. Settlements in transportation equipment manufacturing, parcel delivery, food stores, and bituminous coal mining accounted for 83 percent of the workers. Workers under fourth-quarter settlements accounted for 38 percent of the 2.1 million workers under the 395 settlements reached in all of 1993. Settlements during 1993, on average, specified a lower wage rate change over their term than the contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.1 percent compared with 2.9 percent. (See the chart.) This has been the pattern in all but one of the last seven 4-quarter periods. Over their term, agreements reached during 1993 specified wage rate increases for 90 percent of the workers, no rate change for 9 percent, and a net decrease for 1 percent. (See table 3.) During 1993, cash lump-sum payment provisions were newly negotiated in 36 agreements for 273,000 workers and dropped in 23 agreements affecting 74,000 workers. Such provisions now cover 39 percent of the 5.5 million workers under all major collective bargaining contracts in private industry, up from 36 percent at the end of 1992. From the end of 1987, when lump-sum information was first compiled, through the fourth quarter of 1991, lump-sum coverage was between 40 and 43 percent. Thirteen settlements, for 202,000 workers, reached during 1993 discontinued cost-of-living adjustment clauses (COLAs) and three settlements for 7,500 workers added them. At year's end, COLA provisions covered about 24 percent of the 5.5 million workers under major collective bargaining contracts, down from 28 percent at the end 2 of 1992 and 30 percent at the end of 1991. COLA coverage had been about 40 percent from 1987 through 1990. Fifty-six percent of the workers under settlements reached during 1993 had either a cash lump-sum payment provision or a COLA clause or both. Typically, agreements that contain such provisions specify smaller wage rate changes than those that do not. In 1993, settlements with either a lump-sum provision or a COLA clause or both provided annual wage rate changes over their contract terms averaging an increase of 1.9 percent, compared with 2.5 percent for settlements with neither provision. Lump-sum payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are excluded from the rate data. Such payments, however, are included in measures of compensation cost changes discussed in the next section. Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and cost data. See the Explanatory Note. Under 1993 settlements, cash lump-sum payment and COLA provisions applied to a larger proportion of manufacturing than of nonmanufacturing workers, nearly four-fifths compared with just over two-fifths. For all manufacturing settlements, the annual wage rate change averaged an increase of 1.5 percent over the contract term. Settlements with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.3 percent annually over the life of the agreement compared with 2.5 percent in settlements with neither provision. Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in 1993 called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.5 percent annually over their life. Those with either a lump-sum or COLA provision or both had about the same average annual wage change as those with neither provision-- increases of 2.6 and 2.5 percent, respectively. Compensation cost changes under settlements The Bureau's data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers. Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate changes. (Lump-sum payments and the timing are not taken into account in the rate measure.) See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description of the cost series. Settlements for 5,000 or more workers accounted for 88 percent of the 789,000 workers covered by all major settlements negotiated in the fourth quarter of 1993. They provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.8 percent annually over the life of the agreement. (See table 9.) Annual cost changes over the life of the agreement averaged 1.4 percent for both wages alone and cash payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers. Annual cost changes for benefits averaged 2.4 percent. 3 Settlements covering 5,000 or more workers accounted for two-thirds (1.4 million) of the workers under all major settlements reached in 1993. They provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.6 percent annually over the agreement term. Over the agreement term, annual changes averaged 1.3 percent for both wages alone and for cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and 2.1 percent for benefit costs. Fifty-seven percent of the workers under 1993 settlements for 5,000 or more workers had contingent pay provisions which could provide compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement. COLA provisions, discussed earlier, and lump-sum provisions that call for a payment only if company profits exceed a specified amount are examples. Potential payments under these provisions are excluded from the series. Annual compensation cost changes over the contract term were about the same in settlements with and without contingent pay provisions-- increases of 1.5 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively. Wage rate changes under all major contracts In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes during 1993 under all major contracts. (See tables 11 and 12.) They averaged an increase of 3.0 percent--0.9 percent from settlements reached during 1993, 1.9 percent from agreements reached earlier, and 0.2 percent from COLAs. Approximately 5.5 million workers were covered by these contracts. About 4.8 million workers had their wages increased, another 600,000 workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same during the year, and nearly 79,000 workers had wage cuts. Wage rate increases in 1993 stemmed from one or more of the following: 1) Settlements reached in the year which provided increases in 1993 averaging 3.2 percent for 1.7 million workers; 2) contracts negotiated earlier that specified increases in 1993 averaging 3.4 percent for 3 million workers; and 3) COLA provisions, which yielded average increases of 1.3 percent for 873,000 workers. (About 296,000 additional workers had COLA reviews which did not produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price Index was insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during 1993 generated average wage rate changes that amounted to 48 percent of the CPI movement during the review period.) First-quarter 1994 activity During January-March 1994, 338,000 workers are under 71 major agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. About four-fifths of these workers are in the trucking, construction, steel manufacturing, and food store industries. In addition, there are 229,000 workers under 64 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been renegotiated or ratified prior to December 31, 1993. About 43 percent of these workers are in the services and construction industries. 4 In the first quarter, 573,000 workers are scheduled for wage increases averaging 2.7 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated prior to 1994. COLA reviews are scheduled for 848,000 workers during the quarter. EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with 1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers in nonmanufacturing. About 7.5 percent of the employed production and nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are covered by a major bargaining agreement. Wage and compensation changes under settlements The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached during specified reference periods. Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked; premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave; life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits. Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of the ongoing rate structure. Compensation costs include: The items covered by compensation rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded from rate data. Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at its expiration date (over-the-life measure). (The over-the-life measure is expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate change for all settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. Next, the resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The result is the average change for all settlements. Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under the settlement. The average cost of compensation under the settlement is calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly compensation rate (excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is divided by the number of work hours over the agreement term. The result is the cost per work hour of compensation 5 excluding specified lump-sum payments. 2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by the total number of work hours over the agreement term. The sum of the results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per work hour over the term of the new agreement. The percent difference between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring agreement is the average cost change under the settlement. The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The following example illustrates one of the major differences between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series. Two agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new settlements that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A immediately increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The settlement replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent ($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term. The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows: When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000. Thus, the cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during the agreement term which the rate series does not reflect. For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August 1990, pp. 11-18. Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do, however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because they are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on 6 cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to future profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum payments guaranteed by the settlement. Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the agreement. Wage rate changes under all contracts The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached earlier and remaining in force during the period. The average change under all contracts in force during a period is computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the total number of workers under all contracts. The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses. (Although wage increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change measure for all contracts.) Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement. Data for 1993 are preliminary and may be revised if additional information is obtained. Final data are scheduled to be published in the March 1994 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions. Additional historical information is available from the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001. Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for 1993 are scheduled to be released in February 1994. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326- 2577. _____________________________________________ Major private industry collective bargaining settlements data for the first quarter 1994 will be released on April 26, 1994, at 10:00 AM (EDT). 1/ Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages under current and replaced private _ industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | 1992 | 1993 Measure | | ___________________________ ___________________________ | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I2/ |II2/ |III2/ |IV3/ _ _ _ _ | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Quarterly averages | _______________________________________________________ First year change4/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 2.9 Replaced settlements..............| 5.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.4 | | | | | | | | Annual change over the life of the | | | | | | | | contract5/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 Replaced settlements..............| 5.0 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.2 | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | _______________________________________________________ First year change4/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 Replaced settlements..............| 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.7 | | | | | | | | Annual change over the life of the | | | | | | | | contract5/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 Replaced settlements..............| 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.9 | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or _ benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Preliminary revised. _ 3/ Preliminary. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the _ contract effective date. 5/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate _ over the life of the contract. 1/ Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private industry _ collective bargaining settlements, 1993 (preliminary) (in percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Annual | | | First-year | change | Number of | Number of Measure | change2/ | over the | workers |settlements _ | |life of the | (000's) | | |contracts3/ | | _ | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Wage changes in settlements | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 2.3 | 2.1 | 2,058 | 395 With COLA clauses......................| 2.8 | 1.4 | 624 | 55 Without COLA clauses...................| 2.1 | 2.5 | 1,434 | 340 With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.6 | 1.9 | 1,117 | 104 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.0 | 2.4 | 942 | 291 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.6 | 1.9 | 1,154 | 123 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.0 | 2.5 | 904 | 272 Manufacturing............................| 2.7 | 1.5 | 792 | 125 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.7 | 1.3 | 622 | 68 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.9 | 2.5 | 170 | 57 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.1 | 2.5 | 1,266 | 270 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.5 | 2.6 | 532 | 55 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 1.8 | 2.5 | 734 | 215 Construction.............................| 2.1 | 2.5 | 386 | 140 All industries excluding construction....| 2.4 | 2.1 | 1,672 | 255 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.0 | 2.5 | 880 | 130 Goods-producing..........................| 2.6 | 1.9 | 1,241 | 267 Service-producing........................| 2.0 | 2.6 | 818 | 128 | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 3.0 | 2.4 | 1,382 | 73 With COLA clauses......................| 3.2 | 1.7 | 539 | 16 Without COLA clauses...................| 2.9 | 2.8 | 843 | 57 With lump-sum provisions...............| 3.2 | 2.3 | 959 | 34 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.7 | 2.6 | 423 | 39 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2 | 2.3 | 959 | 34 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.7 | 2.6 | 423 | 39 Manufacturing............................| 3.3 | 1.6 | 595 | 23 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.8 | 3.0 | 787 | 50 Construction.............................| 3.8 | 3.6 | 134 | 15 All industries excluding construction....| 2.9 | 2.2 | 1,248 | 58 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.6 | 2.8 | 653 | 35 Goods-producing..........................| 3.4 | 1.9 | 789 | 39 Service-producing........................| 2.5 | 2.9 | 593 | 34 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether _ or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump- sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con- _ tract effective date. 3/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 3. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining 1/ settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change in wages, 1993 (preliminary) _ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | All | Manu- | Nonmanu- | industries | facturing | facturing Measure | | | ______________ ______________ ______________ | | First-year change2/ _ | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 2,058 | 792 | 1,266 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 15 | 16 | 15 Decreases3/.......................................| 4 | 0 | 6 _ Increases.........................................| 81 | 84 | 79 Under 2 percent................................| 13 | 4 | 18 2 and under 4 percent..........................| 46 | 69 | 32 4 percent and over ............................| 22 | 11 | 29 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.1 Median change........................................| 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 Mean increase.....................................| 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.1 Median increase...................................| 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | | | ____________________________________________ | | Annual change over | life of contracts4/ _ | ____________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 2,058 | 792 | 1,266 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 9 | 10 | 9 Decreases3/.......................................| 1 | 0 | 1 _ Increases.........................................| 90 | 90 | 89 Under 2 percent................................| 38 | 67 | 20 2 and under 3 percent..........................| 17 | 6 | 24 3 and under 4 percent..........................| 26 | 12 | 35 4 percent and over.............................| 9 | 6 | 10 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.5 Median change........................................| 2.1 | 1.0 | 2.6 Mean increase.....................................| 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.8 Median increase...................................| 2.2 | 1.0 | 2.9 | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median _ increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con- _ tract effective date. 3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining 1/ settlements covering 5,000 workers or more by change in compensation, 1993 (preliminary) _ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Measure | First-year change2/ _ | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).........................| 1,382 | Percent of workers | | All settlements................................................| 100 | No change...................................................| 5 Decreases3/.................................................| 5 _ Increases...................................................| 90 | Under 3 percent..........................................| 24 3 and under 5 percent....................................| 41 5 percent and over.......................................| 25 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change..................................................| 3.0 Median change................................................| 3.2 Mean increase.............................................| 3.7 Median increase...........................................| 3.4 | __________________________________ | | | | Annual change over | life of contracts4/ _ | __________________________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).........................| 1,382 | Percent of workers | | All settlements................................................| 100 | No change...................................................| 6 Decreases...................................................| 3 Increases...................................................| 92 Under 3 percent..........................................| 57 3 and under 5 percent....................................| 30 5 percent and over.......................................| 5 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change..................................................| 2.4 Median change................................................| 2.0 Mean increase.............................................| 2.6 Median increase...........................................| 2.5 | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median _ increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con- _ tract effective date. 3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining 1/ settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change in compensation and wages, 1993 (prelimi- _ nary) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | First-year change2/ _ Measure | _______________________________________ | | | Compensation | Wages alone | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)....................| 386 | 386 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 9 | 20 Decreases3/............................................| 3 | 4 _ Increases..............................................| 87 | 76 Under 2 percent.....................................| 16 | 23 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 21 | 29 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 23 | 6 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 11 | 8 5 percent and over..................................| 16 | 10 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change.............................................| 2.9 | 2.1 Median change...........................................| 2.9 | 2.0 Mean increase........................................| 3.4 | 2.8 Median increase......................................| 3.2 | 2.7 | | _______________________________________ | | Annual change over | life of contracts4/ _ | _______________________________________ | | | Compensation | Wages alone | | _______________________________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)....................| 386 | 386 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 6 | 11 Decreases3/............................................| 1 | 1 _ Increases..............................................| 93 | 89 Under 2 percent.....................................| 18 | 29 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 24 | 21 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 27 | 19 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 11 | 10 5 percent and over..................................| 13 | 10 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change.............................................| 2.9 | 2.5 Median change...........................................| 3.0 | 2.5 Mean increase........................................| 3.2 | 2.9 Median increase......................................| 3.2 | 2.6 | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median _ increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con- _ tract effective date. 3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 6. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of contract, 1993 (preliminary) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Contract duration | ____________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Measure | | |More than | |More than | | | All |12 months | 12 and |24 months | 24 and |36 months |More than |contracts | or less |less than | |less than | |36 months | | |24 months | |36 months | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Number of settlements...................| 395 | 47 | 23 | 27 | 46 | 142 | 110 | | | | | | | Number of workers (in thousands)........| 2,058 | 121 | 63 | 74 | 264 | 835 | 702 | | | | | | | Average contract duration (months)......| 35.8 | 11.8 | 15.2 | 24.0 | 32.7 | 36.0 | 43.9 | | | | | | | Percent change1/ in wages: | | | | | | | _ First contract year...................| 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.0 Second contract year2/................| 2.0 | NA | .3 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.8 _ Third contract year3/.................| 2.1 | NA | NA | NA | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.9 _ | | | | | | | Average annual over the life of the | | | | | | | contract.............................| 2.1 | 1.4 | .9 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.6 | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from _ COLA clauses. 2/ Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months. _ 3/ Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months. _ NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable. 1/ Table 7. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private _ industry collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter (in percent) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Annual | Quarterly averages |averages | | | _________ _______________________________________ | | | | Measure | | | 1992 | 19932/ _ |1992|1993| | ___________________ ___________________ | | 2/ | | | | | | | | _ | | | I | II |III | IV |I3/ |II- |III-|IV- _ | | | | | | | |3/ |3/ |2/ _ _ _ | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First year4/ | | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 2.7| 2.3| 3.1| 2.8| 2.9| 1.8| 2.5| 2.5| 1.1| 2.9 With COLA clauses......................| 2.7| 2.8| (5)| 1.9| (5)| 2.4| 3.1| 1.2| (5)| (5) Without COLA clauses...................| 2.7| 2.1| (5)| 3.0| (5)| 1.4| 2.1| 2.7| (5)| (5) With lump sums.........................| 2.8| 2.6| 3.4| 2.3| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 1.4| (5)| (5) Without lump sums......................| 2.6| 2.0| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| .9| 2.6| 2.9| (5)| (5) With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.8| 2.6| 3.7| 2.4| 3.1| 2.8| 2.4| 1.5| (5)| (5) With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.6| 2.0| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| .8| 2.6| 2.9| (5)| (5) Manufacturing...........................| 2.6| 2.7| (5)| 1.9| 3.2| (5)| 4.0| 1.7| (5)| (5) With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.9| 2.7| 3.6| 1.1| (5)| (5)| 4.2| 1.1| (5)| (5) With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.4| 2.9| 3.8| 3.2| (5)| (5)| 3.7| 2.6| (5)| (5) Nonmanufacturing........................| 2.7| 2.1| (5)| 3.0| 2.9| (5)| 1.6| 2.8| (5)| (5) With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 2.5| 3.9| 3.1| (5)| (5)| .9| 2.0| (5)| (5) With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.5| 1.8| 2.9| 3.0| (5)| (5)| 2.1| 3.0| (5)| (5) Construction............................| 2.0| 2.1| (5)| 2.5| 1.1| (5)| (5)| 2.3| 1.6| (5) All industries excluding construction...| 2.9| 2.4| (5)| 3.0| 3.5| (5)| (5)| 2.7| .9| (5) Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.0| 2.0| (5)| 3.4| 3.5| (5)| (5)| 3.4| (5)| (5) Goods-producing.........................| 2.3| 2.6| 3.2| 2.3| 1.9| 2.1| 3.6| 2.1| (5)| (5) Service-producing.......................| 3.0| 2.0| 3.0| 3.4| 3.5| 1.6| 1.5| 3.4| (5)| (5) Annual average over the life of the | | | | | | | | | | contract6/ | | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 3.0| 2.1| 3.1| 3.0| 3.1| 2.6| 2.7| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0 With COLA clauses......................| 2.5| 1.4| (5)| 1.8| (5)| 2.9| 3.0| .9| (5)| (5) Without COLA clauses...................| 3.1| 2.5| (5)| 3.3| (5)| 2.3| 2.6| 2.7| (5)| (5) With lump sums.........................| 2.9| 1.9| 3.4| 2.4| 3.2| 3.1| 2.6| 1.4| (5)| (5) Without lump sums......................| 3.0| 2.4| 3.1| 3.3| 3.0| 2.2| 2.8| 2.8| (5)| (5) With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.9| 1.9| 3.5| 2.4| 3.2| 2.9| 2.6| 1.5| (5)| (5) With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.0| 2.5| 3.1| 3.3| 3.0| 2.2| 2.8| 2.9| (5)| (5) Manufacturing...........................| 2.6| 1.5| (5)| 1.8| 3.0| (5)| 3.5| 1.3| (5)| (5) With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.0| 1.3| 3.3| 1.0| (5)| (5)| 3.7| .6| (5)| (5) With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.2| 2.5| 3.5| 3.0| (5)| (5)| 3.2| 2.4| (5)| (5) Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.0| 2.5| (5)| 3.3| 3.1| (5)| 2.3| 2.8| (5)| (5) With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 2.6| 3.9| 3.1| (5)| (5)| 1.7| 2.4| (5)| (5) With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.0| 2.5| 3.0| 3.4| (5)| (5)| 2.6| 2.9| (5)| (5) Construction............................| 2.4| 2.5| (5)| 2.9| 2.0| (5)| (5)| 2.7| 2.1| (5) All industries excluding construction...| 3.1| 2.1| (5)| 3.1| 3.4| (5)| (5)| 2.4| 1.5| (5) Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.3| 2.5| (5)| 3.6| 3.4| (5)| (5)| 3.0| (5)| (5) Goods-producing.........................| 2.5| 1.9| 3.1| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 3.4| 2.2| (5)| (5) Service-producing.......................| 3.3| 2.6| 3.2| 3.6| 3.4| 2.6| 2.1| 3.0| (5)| (5) | | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | | First year4/............................| 3.0| 3.0| 2.7| 3.6| 3.3| 1.4| 3.1| 3.2| .9| 3.8 _ With COLA clauses......................| 4.1| 3.2| - | (5)| (5)| 3.3| 4.3| 1.7| (5)| (5) Without COLA clauses...................| 2.7| 2.9| 2.7| (5)| (5)|-1.1| 1.7| 3.4| (5)| (5) Annual over life of contract6/..........| 3.1| 2.4| 3.5| 3.6| 3.0| 2.7| 3.2| 2.6| 1.4| 2.5 _ With COLA clauses......................| 3.0| 1.7| - | (5)| (5)| 3.4| 3.8| .7| (5)| (5) Without COLA clauses...................| 3.2| 2.8| 3.5| (5)| (5)| 1.8| 2.4| 2.9| (5)| (5) | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to _ whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Preliminary. _ 3/ Preliminary revised. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the _ contract effective date. 5/ Data do not meet publication standards. _ 6/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate _ over the life of the contract. 1/ Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private _ industry collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods (in percent) _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | ____________________________________________ | | | Measure |1991| 1992 | 1993 | | | ____ ___________________ ___________________ | | | | | | | | | | IV | I | II |III | IV |I2/ |II- |III-|IV- _ | | | | | | |2/ |2/ |3/ _ _ _ | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | First year4/ | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 3.6| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 2.0| 2.3 With COLA clauses......................| 3.4| 3.3| 3.0| 3.1| 2.7| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.8 Without COLA clauses...................| 3.7| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 1.8| 2.1 With lump sums.........................| 3.9| 3.3| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6 Without lump sums......................| 3.5| 3.5| 3.3| 3.1| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.7| 3.4| 3.1| 3.1| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.3| 2.6 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0 Manufacturing...........................| 3.9| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 2.6| 2.9| 2.8| 2.5| 2.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 4.1| 3.5| 3.0| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.7 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.6| 3.7| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 2.9 Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.4| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.5| 2.5| 1.7| 2.1 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.3| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 2.8| 2.7| 2.3| 2.5 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5| 3.5| 3.2| 3.0| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 1.5| 1.8 Construction............................| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1 All industries excluding construction...| 3.8| 3.7| 3.4| 3.4| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.7| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0 Goods-producing.........................| 3.2| 3.1| 2.8| 2.5| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6 Service-producing.......................| 3.9| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0 Annual average over the life of the | | | | | | | | | contract5/ | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.3| 2.1 With COLA clauses......................| 3.0| 3.0| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.1| 1.4 Without COLA clauses...................| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5 With lump sums.........................| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 2.9| 2.9| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9 Without lump sums......................| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.4 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.3| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5 Manufacturing...........................| 3.1| 3.0| 2.7| 2.7| 2.6| 2.8| 2.6| 2.1| 1.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 2.3| 2.0| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 1.3 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.2| 3.3| 3.1| 3.1| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.5 Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.3| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.4| 2.6 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.3| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.4| 2.5 Construction............................| 2.9| 3.0| 2.7| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.5 All industries excluding construction...| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.3| 2.1 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.5 Goods-producing.........................| 2.9| 3.0| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.3| 1.9 Service-producing.......................| 3.6| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.6 | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | First year4/............................| 4.1| 4.0| 3.6| 3.5| 3.0| 3.0| 2.9| 2.1| 3.0 _ With COLA clauses......................| 4.3| 4.3| 3.5| 4.3| 4.1| 4.2| 4.2| 3.0| 3.2 Without COLA clauses...................| 4.0| 3.9| 3.6| 3.2| 2.7| 2.6| 2.4| 1.5| 2.9 Annual over life of contract5/..........| 3.4| 3.4| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 2.4 _ With COLA clauses......................| 3.3| 3.3| 2.7| 2.9| 3.0| 3.3| 3.3| 2.5| 1.7 Without COLA clauses...................| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.8| 2.3| 2.8 | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer _ to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Preliminary revised. _ 3/ Preliminary. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months _ of the contract effective date. 5/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual _ rate over the life of the contract. 1/ Table 9. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components _ 2/ annualized over the life of the contract in private industry collective bargaining _ settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | |1991 | 1992 | 1993 | | | _____ _______________________ _______________________ | | | | | | | | | Item | IV | I | II | III | IV | I3/ |II3/ |III- |IV4/ _ _ _ | | | | | | | | 3/ | _ | | | | | | | | | _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ | | Quarterly averages | ______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | Compensation ..................| 2.1| 2.8| 2.3| 2.3| 1.2| 1.9| 1.8| 0.8| 1.8 Cash payments 5/...............| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 1.1| 1.4| 1.7| .7| 1.4 _ Wages.........................| 2.0| 2.2| 2.1| 2.0| 1.3| 1.6| 1.7| .7| 1.4 Benefits.......................| 1.8| 4.1| 2.7| 2.8| 1.4| 2.7| 1.8| 1.1| 2.4 | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6 Cash payments5/................| 2.3| 2.2| 2.2| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3 _ Wages.........................| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8| 1.3| 1.3 Benefits.......................| 2.5| 2.6| 2.2| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.3| 1.7| 2.1 With contingent pay provisions6/ | | | | | | | | | _ Compensation...................| 2.5| 2.3| 1.8| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 1.4| 1.5 Cash payments5/................| 2.4| 2.1| 1.8| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.7| 1.2| 1.2 _ Wages.........................| 2.4| 2.2| 1.9| 2.0| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.4 Benefits.......................| 2.6| 2.7| 1.8| 2.0| 2.3| 2.5| 2.5| 1.8| 2.0 Without contingent pay | | | | | | | | | provisions6/ | | | | | | | | | _ Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.2| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6 Cash payments5/................| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.4 _ Wages.........................| 2.0| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3 Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.9| 2.7| 2.5| 2.3| 1.6| 2.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.1| 1.8| 1.1| 1.2 Cash payments5/................| 2.2| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.0| .8 _ Wages.........................| 2.3| 2.1| 1.8| 1.6| 1.7| 2.0| 1.7| 1.2| 1.1 Benefits.......................| 2.7| 2.7| 2.0| 2.5| 3.4| 3.3| 2.7| 1.4| 1.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nonmanufacturing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 1.5| 1.9 Cash payments5/................| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 1.3| 1.6 _ Wages.........................| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.3| 1.5 Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 2.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8| 1.9| 1.9| 1.9| 1.6| 1.5 Cash payments5/................| 1.9| 2.0| 1.9| 1.7| 1.5| 1.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1 _ Wages.........................| 2.0| 2.1| 1.9| 1.6| 1.6| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 1.2 Benefits.......................| 2.7| 2.8| 2.2| 2.4| 2.8| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Service-producing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.5| 2.5| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.1| 2.0| 1.2| 1.8 Cash payments5/................| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.1| 1.5 _ Wages.........................| 2.2| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 1.0| 1.4 Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.2| 2.7| 2.5| 2.4| 2.2| 1.3| 2.2 | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from con- _ tingent pay provisions. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (com- _ pound) rate over the life of the contract. 3/ Preliminary revised. _ 4/ Preliminary. _ 5/ Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments. _ 6/ Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment _ clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 1/ Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the _ 2/ life of the contract in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, 1993 _ (preliminary) (in percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Cash | | | Number of Measure |Compensation| payments3/ | Wages | Benefits| workers _ | | | | | (000's) | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries...............................| 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1,382 | | | | | With contingent pay provisions4/..........| 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 792 _ Without contingent pay provisions4/.......| 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 590 _ | | | | | Manufacturing................................| 1.2 | .8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 595 | | | | | Nonmanufacturing.............................| 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 787 | | | | | Goods-producing..............................| 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 789 | | | | | Service-producing............................| 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 593 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provi- _ sions. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (compound) rate over the life _ of the contract. 3/ Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments. _ 4/ Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data exclude po- _ tential changes from contingent pay provisions. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 11. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more, by year and quarter (in percent) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | |Annual averages| Quarterly averages | | _______________ _______________________________________________________________ | | | | Item | | | 1992 | 1993 | 1992 |19931/ | | _ _______________________________ _______________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I2/ | II2/ |III2/ | IV1/ _ _ _ _ | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate changes 3/..........| 3.1 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 _ | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..............| .8 | .9 | .1 | .2 | .3 | .2 | .1 | .2 | .1 | .5 Prior settlements................| 1.9 | 1.9 | .4 | .7 | .6 | .2 | .3 | .7 | .6 | .2 COLA provisions..................| .4 | .2 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | (4) | (4) | | | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing....................| 3.1 | 3.3 | .8 | .8 | .9 | .6 | .6 | .9 | .6 | 1.1 Nonmanufacturing.................| 3.1 | 2.8 | .5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .3 | .4 | 1.0 | .9 | .6 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction...................| 3.0 | 2.8 | .6 | .8 | 1.2 | .4 | .4 | .8 | .9 | .7 Construction.....................| 3.4 | 2.7 | .3 | 2.2 | .8 | .1 | .3 | 1.6 | .7 | .1 Transportation and public | | | | | | | | | | utilities......................| 2.7 | 3.0 | .3 | .7 | 1.6 | .2 | .4 | .7 | 1.1 | .7 Wholesale and retail trade.......| 3.5 | 2.3 | .7 | 1.0 | .9 | .8 | .4 | .9 | .3 | .6 Services.........................| 3.7 | 3.4 | 1.0 | .6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | .6 | .7 | 1.5 | .6 Goods-producing..................| 3.1 | 3.1 | .6 | 1.2 | .8 | .4 | .5 | 1.1 | .6 | .8 Service-producing................| 3.0 | 2.8 | .6 | .8 | 1.2 | .4 | .5 | .8 | .9 | .7 | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase5/..........| 3.7 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.5 _ | | | | | | | | | | Source:6/ | | | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements..............| 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.9 Prior settlements................| 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 COLA provisions..................| 2.0 | 1.3 | .6 | .6 | .7 | .7 | .5 | .7 | .5 | .3 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | | | increases (in thousands)7/............|4,665.5|4,787.6|1,512.7|2,210.0|2,226.7|1,452.4|1,377.5|2,118.3|1,709.1|1,600.0 _ | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..............|1,292.3|1,663.5| 139.3| 363.1| 526.3| 387.4| 220.8| 360.2| 354.0| 879.9 Prior settlements................|2,817.8|2,999.2| 630.9|1,042.2| 949.9| 325.1| 535.4|1,121.2|1,163.0| 377.0 COLA provisions..................|1,036.3| 872.8| 791.4| 827.9| 929.4| 775.8| 667.5| 662.4| 273.0| 716.7 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a wage| | | | | | | | | | increase (in thousands)8/.............| 853.9| 684.8|4,006.6|3,309.4|3,292.6|4,067.0|4,094.9|3,354.0|3,763.3|3,872.4 _ | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Preliminary. _ 2/ Preliminary revised. _ 3/ Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in _ a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 4/ More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent. _ 5/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources is a wage rate increase. _ 6/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source is a wage rate increase. _ 7/ The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers receive wage _ changes from more than one source. 8/ Less than two percent of these workers received wage decreases and the remainder received zero change. _ Table 12. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods (in percent) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | _______________________________________________________________ | | Item | 1992 | 1993 | | _______________________________ _______________________________ | | | | | | | | | I | II | III | IV | I1/ | II1/ |III1/ | IV2/ _ _ _ _ | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate changes 3/.....| 3.5| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.6| 3.0 _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........| 1.1| .9| .9| .8| .8| .7| .5| .9 Prior settlements............| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.8| 1.9 COLA provisions..............| .4| .4| .4| .4| .4| .4| .3| .2 | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | Manufacturing................| 3.3| 3.1| 3.2| 3.1| 2.9| 3.0| 2.7| 3.3 Nonmanufacturing.............| 3.6| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.6| 2.8 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | construction................| 3.6| 3.5| 3.3| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 2.6| 2.8 Construction.................| 3.3| 3.4| 3.0| 3.4| 3.3| 2.7| 2.5| 2.7 Transportation and public | | | | | | | | utilities...................| 3.4| 3.1| 3.3| 2.7| 2.8| 2.9| 2.5| 3.0 Wholesale and retail trade...| 3.5| 3.8| 3.5| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.3 Services.....................| 5.0| 4.6| 3.3| 3.7| 3.2| 3.3| 3.8| 3.4 Goods-producing..............| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.6| 3.1 Service-producing............| 3.7| 3.6| 3.4| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 2.7| 2.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase4/.....| 3.8| 3.9| 3.8| 3.7| 3.6| 3.6| 3.4| 3.5 _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source:5/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements..........| 4.0| 3.9| 3.6| 3.6| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 3.2 Prior settlements............| 3.7| 3.7| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| 3.5| 3.3| 3.4 COLA provisions..............| 1.8| 1.9| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.3 | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | increases (in thousands)6/.......|5,106.3|4,870.2|4,748.4|4,665.5|4,630.8|4,529.7|4,465.5|4,787.6 _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........|1,531.5|1,320.5|1,391.5|1,292.3|1,347.8|1,406.2|1,226.5|1,663.5 Prior settlements............|3,017.8|3,092.1|2,973.4|2,817.8|2,706.0|2,785.0|2,965.9|2,999.2 COLA provisions..............|1,279.0|1,244.8|1,063.9|1,036.3|1,067.4|1,064.2| 921.2| 872.8 | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a| | | | | | | | wage increase (in thousands)7/...| 494.4| 730.5| 852.2| 853.9| 888.7| 989.8|1,054.0| 684.8 _ | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Preliminary revised. _ 2/ Preliminary. _ 3/ Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, _ agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 4/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources is an _ increase. 5/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each sources is _ an increase. 6/ The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some _ workers receive wage changes from more than one source. 7/ Less than two percent of these workers received wage decreases and the remainder received zero _ change.