TEXT Table 1. Average annual pay for 1992 and 1993 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area Table 2. Average annual pay for 1992 and 1993 for all covered workers 1/ by Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area Technical information: (202) 606-6567 USDL 94-516 Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Thursday, October 20, 1994 AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY LEVELS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993 The average annual pay of employees in metropolitan areas increased 1.8 percent from 1992 to 1993, according to preliminary data released today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The average annual pay level for the nation's 310 metropolitan areas was $27,540 in 1993, up from $27,051 in 1992. Average annual pay for the entire nation, metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas combined, was $26,362 in 1993. (Average annual pay data by state and industry were issued on September 23, 1994.) Metropolitan area pay data in this release are reported using newly revised statistical definitions for metropolitan areas issued by the Office of Management and Budget on June 30, 1993. These revisions established some new metropolitan areas and redefined the geographic scope of many others. Metropolitan pay data issued in prior years were based on 1990 definitions and are not comparable to the data for many of the metropolitan areas reported here. For the purpose of year-to-year comparisons, 1992 pay data presented in this release conform to the new metropolitan area definitions, and thus may differ from the data previously published (USDL 93-428) under the 1990 definitions. Along with pay data for 310 Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas, this release includes averages for the 18 areas designated as Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas. (See Technical Note for definitions.) Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws covering 109.4 million full- and part-time workers. Average annual pay is computed by dividing the total annual payrolls of employees covered under UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical Note.) Pay differences between areas reflect the varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other factors. Similarly, over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in these characteristics, as well as changes in the level of average pay. Metropolitan and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas New York, N.Y., led the nation with an average annual pay level of $39,381 in 1993. (See table 1.) San Jose, Calif., had the second highest average annual pay level ($38,040), followed by Middlesex-Somerset- Hunterdon, N.J. ($35,573), San Francisco, Calif. ($35,278), and Newark, N.J. ($35,129). Average pay levels in these five metropolitan areas ranged from 28 to 43 percent above the average for all metropolitan areas in the nation. Of the 310 metropolitan areas, 38 reported average annual pay levels above the national metropolitan pay average of $27,540, and 20 had average pay levels in excess of $30,000. - 2 - Jacksonville, N.C., recorded the lowest average annual pay level among metropolitan areas in 1993 ($15,919), followed by Myrtle Beach, S.C. ($17,012), McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. ($17,173), Brownsville-Harlingen- San Benito, Tex. ($17,757), and Yuma, Ariz. ($17,759). Average annual pay in the five lowest-ranked metropolitan areas averaged 36 to 42 percent below the national metropolitan pay average. A total of 28 metropolitan areas reported average annual pay levels below $20,000. The largest percentage increase in average annual pay from 1992 to 1993 occurred in Billings, Mont. (5.3 percent), followed by Springfield, Ill., and Kenosha, Wis. (5.0 percent each), Benton Harbor, Mich. (4.7 percent), and Great Falls, Mont. (4.4 percent). Forty-two of the 310 metropolitan areas experienced pay increases in excess of 3.0 percent in 1993. From 1992 to 1993, average annual pay declined in 11 metropolitan areas. Fort Smith, Ark., had the largest drop (-2.5 percent), followed by Sharon, Pa. (-1.5 percent), Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, Calif. (-1.1 percent), Beaumont-Port Arthur, Tex. (-1.0 percent), and Hagerstown, Md. (-0.7 percent). In addition to the 11 areas in which average pay levels declined, a total of 30 metropolitan areas experienced pay growth rates of less than 1 percent. Although pay changes among metropolitan areas in 1993 and 1992 cannot be directly compared due to the revised statistical definitions for the areas, increases were generally lower in 1993 than in 1992. As reported last year, the higher rates of pay growth in 1992 were in part due to early bonus and lump-sum payments made to private-sector workers in the fourth quarter of 1992. Since these payments typically would have been distributed in the next calendar year, they had a dampening effect on pay growth rates for 1993. Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas Average annual pay in the 18 consolidated metropolitan statistical areas increased by 1.9 percent between 1992 and 1993, from $30,288 to $30,862. (See table 2.) The New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa., consolidated metropolitan area had the highest pay level, at $35,799, followed by San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif. ($33,597), Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va. ($31,156), Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich. ($31,153), and Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell- Brockton, Mass.-N.H. ($30,642). Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash., had the lowest average annual pay level of the consolidated metropolitan areas, with an average of $25,699 in 1993. Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla., was second lowest ($25,777), followed by Milwaukee-Racine, Wis. ($26,131), Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. ($26,310), and Cleveland-Akron, Ohio ($26,730). Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich., had the highest percentage increase in average annual pay from 1992 to 1993 (3.4 percent), followed by Denver- Boulder-Greeley, Colo. (2.9 percent), Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex., and San - 3 - Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif. (2.7 percent), and Milwaukee-Racine, Wis., and Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash. (2.5 percent). None of the 18 consolidated metropolitan areas reported a decline in average annual pay in 1993. The smallest increases occurred in Seattle- Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash. (0.3 percent), Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Tex. (0.9 percent), Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. (1.5 percent), and Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. (1.6 percent). Three consolidated areas, Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif., New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn.-Pa., and Sacramento- Yolo, Calif., reported increases of 1.7 percent. - 4 - Technical Note These data are the product of a Federal-State cooperative program in which State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) prepare summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) legislation. The summaries are a by-product of the administration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI. Data for 1993 are preliminary and subject to revision. A news release providing average annual pay data by state and industry was issued on September 23, 1994 (USDL 94-454). Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution report, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of their establishments. Average annual pay data are derived from summaries of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. In 1993, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 109.4 million jobs, representing 96.4 percent of wage and salary civilian employment. Covered workers received $2.884 trillion in pay representing 93.6 percent of the wage and salary component of personal income and 45.2 percent of the gross domestic product. About 82 percent of all covered workers were employed in metropolitan areas. Total wages of workers in metropolitan areas comprised approximately 86 percent of all covered wages in the United States. Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1993 included most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain small nonprofit organizations. Other exclusions from UI coverage include most self-employed individuals and all unpaid family members. Concepts and methodology Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of employees covered by unemployment insurance programs by the average monthly number of these employees. Included in the annual payroll data are bonuses, the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities, and, in many states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans such as 401(k) plans. Monthly employment is based on the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers, corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical workers. Workers on paid vacation and part-time workers are also included. - 5 - Percentage changes in average annual pay were computed using final 1992 data as the base. Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels between metropolitan areas, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one employer. Year to year changes in average annual pay can result from a change in the proportion of employment in low and high wage jobs, as well as from changes in the level of average annual pay. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines metropolitan areas for use in federal statistical activities and updates these definitions as needed each June. Data in this release use newly revised metropolitan area criteria established by OMB under standards published in the Federal Register on March 30, 1990 (55 FR12154-12160), and definitions issued June 30, 1993 (OMB Bulletin No. 93-17). These standards and definitions reflect information obtained from the 1990 Decennial Census. A complete list of metropolitan area definitions as of June 30, 1993, is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Document Sales, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va., 22161, telephone 703-487-4650 (Accession Number PB 93-505-824). Generally speaking, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a free- standing urban area that meets a specified size criteria. Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are free-standing areas within very large MSAs. Once an area is identified as a PMSA, the term MSA no longer is used to describe the area. The large metropolitan area that is the sum of the PMSAs is called a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). The set of areas known as MSAs, PMSAs, and CMSAs are collectively designated and referred to as metropolitan areas. More specifically, metropolitan area terms are applied as follows: An MSA is defined as an area which either has a city of at least 50,000 in population within its corporate limits, or which contains an "urbanized area" as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census of at least 50,000 in population and has a total MSA population of at least 100,000. If a metropolitan area fits the criteria for an MSA and has a total population of less than 1,000,000, then it will remain an MSA. If, however, an MSA has a population of 1,000,000 or more, then the area is tested to see if a PMSA exists. A PMSA is an area within an MSA which either was recognized as a separate Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) as of January 1, 1980, or which has a population of 100,000 with at least 60 percent of its population urban and less than 50 percent of the resident workers commuting to jobs outside the area. Local opinion that strongly supports recognition of a PMSA and which demonstrates that the area has very strong internal economic and social ties is also considered in determining if a PMSA exists. If more than one PMSA is determined to exist, then the entire metropolitan area, made up of the individual PMSAs, is called a CMSA. More precisely, a CMSA is defined as an MSA with a population of at least - 6 - 1,000,000 in which PMSAs exist. All counties within a CMSA must be included in a PMSA so that the total geographical area of the PMSAs comprises the entire CMSA. OMB defines MSAs in terms of entire counties, except in the six New England states where they are defined in terms of cities and towns. New England data in this news release, however, are based on a county concept defined by OMB as New England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs) because county-level data are the most detailed available from the Covered Employment and Wages program. Additional statistics and other information Average annual employment and pay data by state and county are available upon request from the Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC, 20212, telephone (202) 606-6567. The comprehensive bulletin, Employment and Wages, features information by detailed industry on establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states. The bulletin for 1993, which is due to be issued in late 1994, will be available for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577. Table 1. Average annual pay for 1992 and 1993 for all covered workers 1/ by metropolitan area Average annual pay Ranking of areas Percent By 1993 level By percent Metropolitan area 2/ change, of average change in average 1992 1993 3/ 1992-93 4/ annual pay annual pay, 1992-93 Metropolitan Areas..................................$27,051 $27,540 1.8 --- --- Abilene, Tex............................................. 19,879 19,810 -0.3 285 303 Akron, Ohio.............................................. 25,352 25,789 1.7 71 181 Albany, Ga............................................... 22,073 22,688 2.8 180 60 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y............................. 26,099 26,604 1.9 47 151 Albuquerque, N.M......................................... 22,682 23,506 3.6 142 21 Alexandria, La........................................... 19,858 20,030 0.9 282 270 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa........................... 25,370 25,845 1.9 69 151 Altoona, Pa.............................................. 19,989 20,448 2.3 274 105 Amarillo, Tex............................................ 21,066 21,453 1.8 232 168 Anchorage, Alaska........................................ 33,007 33,782 2.3 9 105 Ann Arbor, Mich.......................................... 27,195 27,930 2.7 35 68 Anniston, Ala............................................ 20,112 20,569 2.3 268 105 Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, Wis............................. 24,127 24,623 2.1 112 128 Asheville, N.C........................................... 21,219 21,543 1.5 229 212 Athens, Ga............................................... 21,693 21,953 1.2 209 243 Atlanta, Ga.............................................. 27,925 28,359 1.6 32 196 Atlantic-Cape May, N.J................................... 24,956 25,465 2.0 79 142 Augusta-Aiken, Ga.-S.C................................... 24,269 24,529 1.1 116 253 Austin-San Marcos, Tex................................... 24,226 25,009 3.2 100 34 Bakersfield, Calif....................................... 23,987 24,470 2.0 118 142 Baltimore, Md............................................ 26,795 27,236 1.6 41 196 Bangor, Maine............................................ 21,730 21,800 0.3 216 294 Barnstable-Yarmouth, Mass................................ 21,728 21,868 0.6 213 289 Baton Rouge, La.......................................... 23,649 23,868 0.9 133 270 Beaumont-Port Arthur, Tex................................ 25,523 25,260 -1.0 88 307 Bellingham, Wash......................................... 20,432 20,718 1.4 261 225 Benton Harbor, Mich...................................... 23,401 24,506 4.7 117 4 Bergen-Passaic, N.J...................................... 33,555 34,126 1.7 8 181 Billings, Mont........................................... 20,934 22,034 5.3 201 1 Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, Miss......................... 21,119 21,682 2.7 221 68 Binghamton, N.Y.......................................... 25,394 25,548 0.6 77 289 Birmingham, Ala.......................................... 24,688 25,278 2.4 87 94 Bismarck, N.D............................................ 20,304 20,737 2.1 259 128 Bloomington, Ind......................................... 21,250 21,426 0.8 234 278 Bloomington-Normal, Ill.................................. 25,581 26,285 2.8 56 60 Boise City, Idaho........................................ 22,443 23,320 3.9 152 12 Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H..... 30,100 30,642 1.8 17 168 Boulder-Longmont, Colo................................... 25,829 26,215 1.5 57 212 Brazoria, Tex............................................ 27,979 28,453 1.7 31 181 Bremerton, Wash.......................................... 24,221 25,050 3.4 96 29 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, Tex.................... 17,294 17,757 2.7 307 68 Bryan-College Station, Tex............................... 18,940 19,168 1.2 298 243 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y............................... 24,385 25,016 2.6 99 80 Burlington, Vt........................................... 25,121 25,699 2.3 72 105 Canton-Massillon, Ohio................................... 22,376 23,054 3.0 163 43 Casper, Wyo.............................................. 21,971 22,117 0.7 198 284 Cedar Rapids, Iowa....................................... 24,483 25,057 2.3 94 105 Champaign-Urbana, Ill.................................... 22,290 22,869 2.6 172 80 Charleston-North Charleston, S.C......................... 21,205 21,877 3.2 212 34 Charleston, W.Va......................................... 24,274 24,633 1.5 111 212 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C................... 25,107 25,658 2.2 74 118 Charlottesville, Va...................................... 22,668 23,336 3.0 151 43 Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga.................................... 22,378 23,150 3.5 160 24 Cheyenne, Wyo............................................ 20,957 21,567 2.9 227 53 Chicago, Ill............................................. 30,210 30,720 1.7 16 181 Chico-Paradise, Calif.................................... 19,377 19,845 2.4 284 94 Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind................................. 26,023 26,465 1.7 53 181 Clarksville-Hopkinsville, Tenn.-Ky....................... 18,581 19,100 2.8 299 60 Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, Ohio............................ 26,501 26,989 1.8 44 168 Colorado Springs, Colo................................... 22,686 23,019 1.5 167 212 Columbia, Mo............................................. 21,381 21,796 1.9 217 151 Columbia, S.C............................................ 22,027 22,487 2.1 185 128 Columbus, Ga.-Ala........................................ 20,466 20,886 2.1 256 128 Columbus, Ohio........................................... 24,987 25,518 2.1 78 128 Corpus Christi, Tex...................................... 22,770 23,202 1.9 156 151 Cumberland, Md.-W.Va..................................... 20,431 20,692 1.3 262 237 Dallas, Tex.............................................. 28,813 29,489 2.3 25 105 Danville, Va............................................. 20,707 20,741 0.2 258 296 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, Iowa-Ill................... 23,814 24,315 2.1 122 128 Dayton-Springfield, Ohio................................. 25,188 25,902 2.8 65 60 Daytona Beach, Fla....................................... 19,130 19,406 1.4 292 225 Decatur, Ala............................................. 22,884 23,504 2.7 143 68 Decatur, Ill............................................. 25,292 26,040 3.0 61 43 Denver, Colo............................................. 27,734 28,607 3.1 30 40 Des Moines, Iowa......................................... 24,111 24,832 3.0 107 43 Detroit, Mich............................................ 30,534 31,622 3.6 15 21 Dothan, Ala.............................................. 21,339 21,593 1.2 226 243 Dover, Del............................................... 20,866 21,431 2.7 233 68 Dubuque, Iowa............................................ 21,880 22,237 1.6 192 196 Duluth-Superior, Minn.-Wis............................... 21,723 21,993 1.2 205 243 Dutchess County, N.Y..................................... 29,262 29,730 1.6 23 196 Eau Claire, Wis.......................................... 20,331 20,627 1.5 266 212 El Paso, Tex............................................. 19,563 19,854 1.5 283 212 Elkhart-Goshen, Ind...................................... 23,149 23,579 1.9 138 151 Elmira, N.Y.............................................. 21,706 22,254 2.5 191 89 Enid, Okla............................................... 19,145 19,339 1.0 295 265 Erie, Pa................................................. 23,552 23,812 1.1 134 253 Eugene-Springfield, Ore.................................. 21,570 22,106 2.5 199 89 Evansville-Henderson, Ind.-Ky............................ 23,091 23,552 2.0 139 142 Fargo-Moorhead, N.D.-Minn................................ 20,494 20,950 2.2 252 118 Fayetteville, N.C........................................ 20,349 20,454 0.5 273 291 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Ark...................... 20,731 20,970 1.2 251 243 Flint, Mich.............................................. 29,672 30,512 2.8 18 60 Florence, Ala............................................ 20,665 21,025 1.7 247 181 Florence, S.C............................................ 20,685 21,338 3.2 237 34 Fort Collins-Loveland, Colo.............................. 22,889 23,424 2.3 145 105 Fort Lauderdale, Fla..................................... 25,029 25,366 1.3 82 237 Fort Myers-Cape Coral, Fla............................... 21,323 21,472 0.7 231 284 Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, Fla.......................... 21,821 22,212 1.8 195 168 Fort Smith, Ark.-Okla.................................... 20,755 20,246 -2.5 278 310 Fort Walton Beach, Fla................................... 19,152 19,599 2.3 288 105 Fort Wayne, Ind.......................................... 23,490 24,053 2.4 130 94 Fort Worth-Arlington, Tex................................ 25,745 26,622 3.4 46 29 Fresno, Calif............................................ 21,078 21,252 0.8 239 278 Gadsden, Ala............................................. 21,286 21,527 1.1 230 253 Gainesville, Fla......................................... 20,961 21,151 0.9 242 270 Galveston-Texas City, Tex................................ 24,117 24,372 1.1 121 253 Gary, Ind................................................ 25,073 25,570 2.0 76 142 Glens Falls, N.Y......................................... 22,713 22,971 1.1 170 253 Goldsboro, N.C........................................... 18,546 19,228 3.7 297 18 Grand Forks, N.D.-Minn................................... 18,445 18,828 2.1 300 128 Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Mich...................... 24,804 25,424 2.5 80 89 Great Falls, Mont........................................ 19,209 20,053 4.4 281 5 Greeley, Colo............................................ 21,807 22,181 1.7 196 181 Green Bay, Wis........................................... 24,025 24,553 2.2 115 118 Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, N.C................. 23,071 23,497 1.8 144 168 Greenville, N.C.......................................... 21,409 22,033 2.9 202 53 Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, S.C..................... 22,356 22,850 2.2 173 118 Hagerstown, Md........................................... 22,101 21,951 -0.7 210 306 Hamilton-Middletown, Ohio................................ 25,157 25,094 -0.2 93 301 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, Pa.......................... 24,781 25,296 2.1 85 128 Hartford, Conn........................................... 31,967 32,555 1.8 12 168 Hickory-Morganton, N.C................................... 19,899 20,539 3.2 269 34 Honolulu, Hawaii......................................... 26,534 27,253 2.7 40 68 Houma, La................................................ 21,651 21,981 1.5 208 212 Houston, Tex............................................. 29,794 30,069 0.9 20 270 Huntington-Ashland, W.Va.-Ky.-Ohio....................... 22,498 22,767 1.2 176 243 Huntsville, Ala.......................................... 28,944 29,243 1.0 27 265 Indianapolis, Ind........................................ 25,896 26,587 2.7 48 68 Iowa City, Iowa.......................................... 23,110 23,510 1.7 141 181 Jackson, Mich............................................ 24,653 25,301 2.6 83 80 Jackson, Miss............................................ 21,737 22,142 1.9 197 151 Jackson, Tenn............................................ 21,658 22,030 1.7 203 181 Jacksonville, Fla........................................ 23,679 24,441 3.2 120 34 Jacksonville, N.C........................................ 15,624 15,919 1.9 310 151 Jamestown, N.Y........................................... 20,997 21,340 1.6 236 196 Janesville-Beloit, Wis................................... 24,062 24,640 2.4 110 94 Jersey City, N.J......................................... 31,638 32,815 3.7 11 18 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, Tenn.-Va................. 22,019 22,288 1.2 190 243 Johnstown, Pa............................................ 20,090 20,143 0.3 280 294 Joplin, Mo............................................... 18,819 19,279 2.4 296 94 Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Mich............................. 25,581 25,854 1.1 68 253 Kankakee, Ill............................................ 21,677 22,612 4.3 181 6 Kansas City, Mo.-Kan..................................... 25,302 25,873 2.3 66 105 Kenosha, Wis............................................. 22,285 23,391 5.0 148 2 Killeen-Temple, Tex...................................... 19,485 20,302 4.2 277 7 Knoxville, Tenn.......................................... 22,451 23,024 2.6 166 80 Kokomo, Ind.............................................. 28,676 29,672 3.5 24 24 LaCrosse, Wis.-Minn...................................... 20,649 20,938 1.4 253 225 Lafayette, Ind........................................... 23,062 23,624 2.4 136 94 Lafayette, La............................................ 21,056 21,283 1.1 238 253 Lake Charles, La......................................... 23,839 24,229 1.6 125 196 Lakeland-Winter Haven, Fla............................... 21,332 21,608 1.3 225 237 Lancaster, Pa............................................ 23,657 24,233 2.4 124 94 Lansing-East Lansing, Mich............................... 26,548 26,848 1.1 45 253 Laredo, Tex.............................................. 17,660 18,082 2.4 304 94 Las Cruces, N.M.......................................... 19,202 19,348 0.8 294 278 Las Vegas, Nev.-Ariz..................................... 24,344 25,152 3.3 90 33 Lawrence, Kan............................................ 19,355 19,765 2.1 286 128 Lawton, Okla............................................. 19,345 19,478 0.7 291 284 Lewiston-Auburn, Maine................................... 20,250 20,438 0.9 275 270 Lexington, Ky............................................ 22,931 23,130 0.9 161 270 Lima, Ohio............................................... 23,179 23,372 0.8 149 278 Lincoln, Neb............................................. 21,370 21,820 2.1 214 128 Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark....................... 22,813 23,184 1.6 158 196 Longview-Marshall, Tex................................... 21,873 21,992 0.5 206 291 Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif............................ 31,165 31,760 1.9 13 151 Louisville, Ky.-Ind...................................... 23,659 24,101 1.9 128 151 Lubbock, Tex............................................. 20,339 20,690 1.7 263 181 Lynchburg, Va............................................ 21,252 21,983 3.4 207 29 Macon, Ga................................................ 23,170 23,346 0.8 150 278 Madison, Wis............................................. 24,158 24,927 3.2 103 34 Mansfield, Ohio.......................................... 21,579 22,225 3.0 194 43 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex............................ 16,583 17,173 3.6 308 21 Medford-Ashland, Ore..................................... 20,593 20,996 2.0 249 142 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Fla....................... 26,032 26,095 0.2 59 296 Memphis, Tenn.-Ark.-Miss................................. 24,459 25,107 2.6 91 80 Merced, Calif............................................ 19,507 19,722 1.1 287 253 Miami, Fla............................................... 25,287 26,026 2.9 62 53 Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, N.J........................ 34,796 35,573 2.2 3 118 Milwaukee-Waukesha, Wis.................................. 25,541 26,202 2.6 58 80 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis.......................... 27,938 28,345 1.5 33 212 Mobile, Ala.............................................. 21,606 22,045 2.0 200 142 Modesto, Calif........................................... 22,128 22,727 2.7 177 68 Monmouth-Ocean, N.J...................................... 27,488 28,045 2.0 34 142 Monroe, La............................................... 21,079 21,078 -0.0 244 299 Montgomery, Ala.......................................... 21,555 22,028 2.2 204 118 Muncie, Ind.............................................. 22,194 22,843 2.9 174 53 Myrtle Beach, S.C........................................ 16,320 17,012 4.2 309 7 Naples, Fla.............................................. 20,054 20,672 3.1 264 40 Nashville, Tenn.......................................... 24,601 25,037 1.8 97 168 Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y...................................... 29,708 30,226 1.7 19 181 New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-Waterbury, Conn.... 34,517 35,058 1.6 6 196 New London-Norwich, Conn................................. 27,926 28,630 2.5 29 89 New Orleans, La.......................................... 23,846 24,277 1.8 123 168 New York, N.Y............................................ 38,802 39,381 1.5 1 212 Newark, N.J.............................................. 34,302 35,129 2.4 5 94 Newburgh, N.Y.-Pa........................................ 24,207 24,746 2.2 108 118 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, Va.-N.C............. 21,992 22,324 1.5 189 212 Oakland, Calif........................................... 30,623 31,701 3.5 14 24 Ocala, Fla............................................... 19,221 19,531 1.6 290 196 Odessa-Midland, Tex...................................... 24,356 24,857 2.1 106 128 Oklahoma City, Okla...................................... 22,629 23,048 1.8 164 168 Olympia, Wash............................................ 24,161 24,878 3.0 105 43 Omaha, Neb.-Iowa......................................... 22,615 22,986 1.6 169 196 Orange County, Calif..................................... 29,353 29,916 1.9 21 151 Orlando, Fla............................................. 22,988 23,186 0.9 157 270 Owensboro, Ky............................................ 20,314 20,584 1.3 267 237 Panama City, Fla......................................... 19,083 19,353 1.4 293 225 Parkersburg-Marietta, W.Va.-Ohio......................... 22,480 22,793 1.4 175 225 Pensacola, Fla........................................... 21,385 21,789 1.9 218 151 Peoria-Pekin, Ill........................................ 24,972 25,925 3.8 64 14 Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J.................................... 29,392 29,839 1.5 22 212 Phoenix-Mesa, Ariz....................................... 24,525 24,916 1.6 104 196 Pine Bluff, Ark.......................................... 20,732 21,035 1.5 246 212 Pittsburgh, Pa........................................... 25,872 26,478 2.3 52 105 Pittsfield, Mass......................................... 24,246 24,223 -0.1 126 300 Portland, Maine.......................................... 23,647 24,106 1.9 127 151 Portland-Vancouver, Ore.-Wash............................ 25,703 26,360 2.6 54 80 Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, R.I........................ 24,328 24,927 2.5 102 89 Provo-Orem, Utah......................................... 20,833 20,922 0.4 254 293 Pueblo, Colo............................................. 19,700 20,455 3.8 272 14 Punta Gorda, Fla......................................... 19,190 19,560 1.9 289 151 Racine, Wis.............................................. 24,943 25,420 1.9 81 151 Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, N.C.......................... 25,503 26,063 2.2 60 118 Rapid City, S.D.......................................... 18,505 18,820 1.7 301 181 Reading, Pa.............................................. 25,001 25,610 2.4 75 94 Redding, Calif........................................... 22,383 22,993 2.7 168 68 Reno, Nev................................................ 24,802 25,025 0.9 98 270 Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, Wash........................... 24,958 25,673 2.9 73 53 Richmond-Petersburg, Va.................................. 25,407 25,960 2.2 63 118 Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif.......................... 23,722 24,062 1.4 129 225 Roanoke, Va.............................................. 22,081 22,723 2.9 179 53 Rochester, Minn.......................................... 27,416 27,624 0.8 38 278 Rochester, N.Y........................................... 27,256 27,645 1.4 37 225 Rockford, Ill............................................ 24,610 25,056 1.8 95 168 Rocky Mount, N.C......................................... 20,160 20,995 4.1 250 11 Sacramento, Calif........................................ 27,105 27,476 1.4 39 225 Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, Mich........................... 26,650 27,686 3.9 36 12 Salem, Ore............................................... 21,119 21,566 2.1 228 128 Salinas, Calif........................................... 22,038 22,441 1.8 187 168 Salt Lake City-Ogden, Utah............................... 22,838 23,221 1.7 155 181 San Angelo, Tex.......................................... 19,503 20,176 3.4 279 29 San Antonio, Tex......................................... 22,062 22,577 2.3 183 105 San Diego, Calif......................................... 26,153 26,531 1.4 51 225 San Francisco, Calif..................................... 34,364 35,278 2.7 4 68 San Jose, Calif.......................................... 37,068 38,040 2.6 2 80 San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, Calif............ 21,870 22,462 2.7 186 68 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, Calif.................. 24,808 25,299 2.0 84 142 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, Calif............................ 23,219 23,582 1.6 137 196 Santa Fe, N.M............................................ 21,024 21,811 3.7 215 18 Santa Rosa, Calif........................................ 24,367 24,658 1.2 109 243 Sarasota-Bradenton, Fla.................................. 20,247 21,101 4.2 243 7 Savannah, Ga............................................. 22,062 22,723 3.0 178 43 Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, Pa....................... 21,248 21,681 2.0 222 142 Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash........................... 29,466 29,399 -0.2 26 301 Sharon, Pa............................................... 21,978 21,658 -1.5 223 309 Sheboygan, Wis........................................... 22,539 23,396 3.8 147 14 Sherman-Denison, Tex..................................... 22,551 23,039 2.2 165 118 Shreveport-Bossier City, La.............................. 21,988 22,335 1.6 188 196 Sioux City, Iowa-Neb..................................... 20,376 20,516 0.7 270 284 Sioux Falls, S.D......................................... 20,608 21,184 2.8 241 60 South Bend, Ind.......................................... 23,032 23,681 2.8 135 60 Spokane, Wash............................................ 21,623 22,236 2.8 193 60 Springfield, Ill......................................... 25,706 26,998 5.0 43 2 Springfield, Mass........................................ 24,439 24,942 2.1 101 128 Springfield, Mo.......................................... 20,462 20,782 1.6 257 196 St. Cloud, Minn.......................................... 20,135 20,729 3.0 260 43 St. Joseph, Mo........................................... 20,602 21,229 3.0 240 43 St. Louis, Mo.-Ill....................................... 26,198 26,544 1.3 50 237 State College, Pa........................................ 22,745 23,077 1.5 162 212 Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va.......................... 24,226 24,558 1.4 114 225 Stockton-Lodi, Calif..................................... 23,164 24,049 3.8 131 14 Sumter, S.C.............................................. 18,157 18,345 1.0 303 265 Syracuse, N.Y............................................ 25,401 25,873 1.9 67 151 Tacoma, Wash............................................. 22,700 23,403 3.1 146 40 Tallahassee, Fla......................................... 21,346 21,706 1.7 220 181 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla..................... 22,872 23,299 1.9 153 151 Terre Haute, Ind......................................... 21,398 21,608 1.0 224 265 Texarkana, Tex.-Texarkana, Ark........................... 20,744 20,640 -0.5 265 305 Toledo, Ohio............................................. 24,816 25,207 1.6 89 196 Topeka, Kan.............................................. 22,661 23,269 2.7 154 68 Trenton, N.J............................................. 33,960 34,365 1.2 7 243 Tucson, Ariz............................................. 21,074 21,413 1.6 235 196 Tulsa, Okla.............................................. 24,189 24,611 1.7 113 181 Tuscaloosa, Ala.......................................... 22,655 22,951 1.3 171 237 Tyler, Tex............................................... 22,980 23,539 2.4 140 94 Utica-Rome, N.Y.......................................... 22,129 22,549 1.9 184 151 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, Calif............................ 24,995 25,282 1.1 86 253 Ventura, Calif........................................... 26,267 26,567 1.1 49 253 Victoria, Tex............................................ 20,835 20,886 0.2 255 296 Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, N.J........................ 25,052 25,813 3.0 70 43 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, Calif........................ 18,752 18,550 -1.1 302 308 Waco, Tex................................................ 20,482 21,070 2.9 245 53 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va............................ 32,337 33,170 2.6 10 80 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, Iowa............................... 22,906 23,176 1.2 159 243 Wausau, Wis.............................................. 22,083 22,594 2.3 182 105 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, Fla.......................... 26,055 26,348 1.1 55 253 Wheeling, W.Va.-Ohio..................................... 20,783 20,999 1.0 248 265 Wichita, Kan............................................. 25,168 25,099 -0.3 92 303 Wichita Falls, Tex....................................... 20,232 20,380 0.7 276 284 Williamsport, Pa......................................... 21,433 21,737 1.4 219 225 Wilmington-Newark, Del.-Md............................... 28,635 29,232 2.1 28 128 Wilmington, N.C.......................................... 21,436 21,926 2.3 211 105 Yakima, Wash............................................. 17,211 17,816 3.5 305 24 Yolo, Calif.............................................. 26,099 27,187 4.2 42 7 York, Pa................................................. 24,109 24,454 1.4 119 225 Youngstown-Warren, Ohio.................................. 23,139 23,948 3.5 132 24 Yuba City, Calif......................................... 20,133 20,490 1.8 271 168 Yuma, Ariz............................................... 17,438 17,759 1.8 306 168 1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 2/ Includes data for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas as of June 30, 1993. In the New England areas, the New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definitions were used. See Technical Note. 3/ Data are preliminary. 4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. Table 2. Average annual pay for 1992 and 1993 for all covered workers 1/ by Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area Average annual pay Ranking of areas Consolidated metropolitan Percent By 1993 level By percent statistical area 2/ change, of average change in average 1992 1993 3/ 1992-93 4/ annual pay annual pay, 1992-93 Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas.........$30,288 $30,862 1.9 -- -- Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, Mass.-N.H. 5/. 30,100 30,642 1.8 5 9 Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, Ill.-Ind.-Wis...................... 29,721 30,242 1.8 6 9 Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio-Ky.-Ind....................... 25,926 26,310 1.5 15 16 Cleveland-Akron, Ohio.................................... 26,257 26,730 1.8 14 9 Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex................................... 27,915 28,660 2.7 10 3 Denver-Boulder-Greeley, Colo............................. 27,218 27,996 2.9 12 2 Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, Mich............................ 30,122 31,153 3.4 4 1 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Tex.......................... 29,466 29,743 0.9 8 17 Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, Calif............... 29,688 30,199 1.7 7 12 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fla............................... 25,191 25,777 2.3 17 7 Milwaukee-Racine, Wis.................................... 25,486 26,131 2.5 16 5 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Conn. 35,203 35,799 1.7 1 12 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md.. 28,940 29,414 1.6 9 15 Portland-Salem, Ore.-Wash................................ 25,072 25,699 2.5 18 5 Sacramento-Yolo, Calif................................... 26,999 27,445 1.7 13 12 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif.................... 32,702 33,597 2.7 2 3 Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, Wash........................... 28,061 28,159 0.3 11 18 Washington-Baltimore, D.C.-Md.-Va.-W.Va.................. 30,447 31,156 2.3 3 7 1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 2/ For a definition, see Technical Note. 3/ Data are preliminary. 4/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5/ New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) definition was used. See Technical Note.