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Chief defense attorney Mark O'Conner (standing) addresses a question to John Demjanjuk during Demjanjuk's trial. Jerusalem, Israel, Feburary 16, 1987. See more photographs |
OFFICE OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS |
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The Office of Special Investigations (OSI), in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, has been investigating and prosecuting cases against Nazi offenders since 1979. OSI has established a record as the most active and successful such law enforcement unit in the world. It is the only law enforcement unit of its kind to win awards from Holocaust survivor organizations. The first director of OSI, Walter Rockler, had been a prosecutor during the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. OSI conducts civil proceedings, as criminal prosecutions in the Nazi cases are, in effect, barred by the ex post facto clause of the United States Constitution. Sanctions imposed as a result of successful civil prosecution by OSI are denaturalization (revocation of U.S. citizenship) and deportation. The key element in OSI prosecutions is past participation of the defendant in Axis-sponsored persecution of individuals on the basis of race, religion, national origin, or political opinion. Naturalization fraud or visa fraud allegations are often included as well. There is no statute of limitations on civil immigration and naturalization fraud claims. |
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Despite initial predictions that its work would soon be finished, OSI has been active for over 25 years. It has opened hundreds of investigations and has initiated proceedings leading to the denaturalization and/or removal of more than 100 Nazi offenders from the United States. In addition, with the assistance of the INS -- and, since 2002, its successor, the Department of Homeland Security -- OSI has succeeded in blocking attempts made by more than 200 individuals suspected of participating in Nazi crimes to gain entry to the United States, among them the former United Nations Secretary General and later Austrian President Kurt Waldheim. The majority of persons against whom OSI has initiated proceedings were either members of auxiliary police forces serving in German-occupied territories, or guards at concentration camps and forced-labor camps. OSI and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum are "siblings" of a sort, having been conceived within the same political and moral context of the late 1970s. In recent years, the Museum has been of great assistance to OSI, both in granting access to key documentation that the Museum has microfilmed in archives in Germany, Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union, and in the commitment of the Museum to provide expert historian witnesses in prosecutions initiated and tried by OSI. The OSI plays a critical role in drawing attention to the significant legal, moral, and ethical issues raised by Nazi crimes. |
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See artifact Map used as trial evidence |
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In December 2004, the U.S. Congress expanded the jurisdiction of OSI to cover post-World War II offenders who have obtained U.S. citizenship after participating in genocide, torture, or extrajudicial killing abroad under cover of foreign law. |
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Museum
