Archived Information
Answers in the Tool Box: Academic Intensity, Attendance Patterns, and Bachelor's degree Attainment June 1999
References
- Adelman, C. 1983.
- Devaluation, Diffusion and the College Connection: a Study of High
School Transcripts, 1964-1981. Report prepared for the National Commission on Excellence in Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. ERIC document #228-244.
- Adelman, C. 1994.
- Lessons of a Generation: Education and Work in the Lives of the High
School Class of 1972. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Adelman, C. 1995.
- 7"he New College Course Map and Transcript Files: Changes in Course Taking and Achievement, 1972-1993. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- Adelman, C. 1996.
- "The Thin Yellow Line: Editing and Imputation in a World of Third Party
Artifacts. " In Alvey, W. and B. Jamerson (eds.), Data Editing Exposition. Washington,
DC: Office of Management and Budget, pp. 173-181.
- Adelman, C. 1998.
- Women and Men of the Engineering Path: a Model for Analyses of
Undergraduate Careers. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education and the National
Institute for Science Education.
- Adelman, C. 1999.
- "Crosscurrents and Riptides: Asking About the Capacity of the Higher Education System." Change, vol. 3 1. no. 1, pp. 20-27.
- Akerhielm, K., J. Berger, M. Hooker, and D. Wise. 1998.
- Factors Related to College Enrollment. Princeton, NJ: Mathtech, Inc. [Final Report to the Office of Planning and Evaluation Services, U.S. Department of Education, contract #EA94078001].
- Alexander, K.L. and Cook, M.A. 1979.
- "The Motivational Relevance of Educational Plans: Questioning the Conventional Wisdom. " Social Psychology Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 202-213.
- Alexander, K.L. and Cook, M.A. 1982.
- "Curricula and Coursework: Surprise Ending to a Familiar Story." American Sociological Review, vol. 47, pp. 626-640.
- Alexander, K. L. and B.K. Eckland. 1973.
- Effects of Education on the Social Mobility of High School Sophomores Fifteen Years Later (1955-1970). Chapel Hill, NC: Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina.
- Alexander, K.L. and Eckland, B.K. 1977.
- "High School Context and College Selectivity: Institutional Constraints in Educational Stratification. " Social Forces, vol. 56, pp. 166-188.
- Alexander, K.L., Holupka, S., and Pallas, A.M. 1987.
- "Social Background and Academic
Determinants of Two-Year versus Four-Year College Attendance: Evidence from Two
Cohorts a Decade Apart." American Journal of Education, vol. 96, pp. 56-80.
- Alexander, K.L., McPartland, J.M. and Cook, M.A. 1981.
- "Using Standardized Test Performance in School Effects Research." Research in Sociology of Education and Socialization, vol. 2, pp. 1-33.
- Alexander, K.L. and Pallas, A.M. 1984.
- "Curriculum Reform and School Performance: an Evaluation of the 'New Basics." American Journal of Education, vol. 92, pp. 391-420.
- Alexander, K.L., Pallas, A.M. and Holupka, S. 1987.
- "Consistency and Change in Educational
Stratification: Recent Trends Regarding Social Background and College Access . " Research
in Social Stratification and Mobility, vol. 6, pp. 161-185.
- Alexander, K.L., Riordan, C., Fennessey, J., and Pallas, A.M. 1982.
- "Social Background, Academic Resources, and College Graduation: Recent Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey." American Journal of Education, vol 91, pp. 315-333.
- Aldrich, J. H. and Nelson, F.D. 1984.
- Linear Probability, Logit and Probit Models. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage University Press.
- Altonji, J.G. 1992.
- "The Effects of High School Curriculum on Education and Labor Market Outcomes."Journal of Human Resources, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 409-438.
- Astin, A.W. 1972.
- College Dropouts: a National Profile. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
- Astin, A.W. 1977.
- Four Critical Years. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Astin, A.W. 1993.
- What Matters in College? 'Four Critical Years' Revisited. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Astin, A.W., Hemond, M.K., and Richardson, G.T. 1982.
- 7he American Freshman: National
Norms for Fall 1982. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute (UCLA).
- Astin, A.W., Tsui, L. and Avalos, J. 1996.
- Degree Attainment Rates at American Colleges and Universities: Effects of Race, Gender, and Institutional Type. Los Angeles: Higher
Education Research Institute, UCLA.
- Baker, T.L. and Velez, W. 1996.
- "Access to and Opportunity in Postsecondary Education in the United States: a Review." Sociology of Education. Extra Issue, pp. 82- 10 1.
- Bean, J.P. 1980.
- "Dropouts and Turnover: the Synthesis and Test of a Causal Model of
Student Attrition." Research in Higher Education, vol. 12, pp. 155-187.
- Bean, J.P. 1982.
- "Student Attrition, Intentions, and Confidence: Interaction Effects in a Path Model. "Research in Higher Education, vol. 17, pp. 291-319.
- Bean, J.P. 1983.
- "The Application of a Model of Turnover in Work Organizations to the Student Attrition Process. " Review of Higher Education, vol. 6, pp. 129-148.
- Bean, J.P. and Metzger, B.S. 1985.
- "A Conceptual Model of Non-traditional Undergraduate Student Attrition. " Review of Educational Research, vol. 55, no. 4., pp. 485-540.
- Berkner, L.K. and Chavez, L. 1997.
- Access to Postsecondary Education for the 1992 High
School Graduates. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Berkner, L.K., Cuccaro-Alamin, S., and McCormick, A.C. 1996.
- Descriptive Summary of 1989-90 Beginning Postsecondary Students: 5 Years Later.. Washington, DC: National Center for
Education Statistics (NCES 96-155).
- Blumberg, A.S., Lavin, D.E., Lerer, N, and Kovath, J. 1997.
- Graduation Rates and Inferences of Institutional Effectiveness. Paper presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research.
- Braudel, F. 1980.
- On History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Burbridge, L.C. 1991.
- The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status in
Educational Outcomes. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College Center for Research on Women.
- Cabrera, A. F. 1994.
- "Logistic Regression Analysis in Higher Education: an Applied
Perspective," in J. C - Smart (ed .), Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and
Research, vol. X. New York: Agathon Press, pp. 225-256.
- Cabrera, A.F. and Bernal, E.M. 1998.
- Association Between SES and Ethnicity Across Three
National Databases. University Park, PA: Center for the Study of Higher Education.
- Cabrera, A.F., Castaneda, M.B., Nora, A. and Hengstler, D. 1991.
- "The Convergence Between Two Theories of College Persistence. " Journal of Higher Education, vol. 63, pp. 143-164.
- Cabrera, A.F., Nora, A., and Castaneda, M.B., 1993.
- "College Persistence: Structural Equations Modeling Test of an Integrated Model of Student Retention." Journal of Higher Education, vol. 64, pp. 123-139.
- Carrol, C. D. 1989.
- College Persistence and Degree Attainment for 1980 High SchoolGraduates: Hazards for Transfers, Stopouts, and Part-Timers. Washington, DC:
National Center for Education Statistics.
- Cheney, B. and Farris, E. 1991.
- Survey on Retention at Higher Education Institutions. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, National Endowment for the Humanities, and U.S.
Department of Education. Higher Education Surveys Report. Survey #14.
- Clubb, J.M., E.W. Austin, and G.W. Kirk, Jr. 1989.
- 7he Process of Historical Inquiry:
Everyday Lives of Working Americans. New York: Columbia University Press.
- The College Board. 1998.
- High School Grading Policies. Research Notes RN-04. New York City, NY: Author.
- Connerton, P. 1989.
- How Societies Remember. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
- Cuccaro-Alamin, S. and Choy, S.P. 1998.
- Postsecondary Financing Strategies: How
Undergraduates Combine Work, Borrowing, and Attendance. Washington, DC: National
Center for Education Statistics (NCES 98-088).
- DesJardins, S.L., Ahlburg, D.A. and McCall, B.P. 1997.
- Using Event History Methods to Model the Different Modes of Student Departure from College. Paper presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research.
- Dey, E.L. and Astin, A.W. 1993.
- "Statistical Alternatives for Studying College Student Retention: a Comparative Analysis of Logit, Probit, and Linear Regression." Research in Higher Education, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 569-581.
- Elliott, R. and Strenta, A.C., 1988.
- "Effects of Improving the Reliability of the GPA on Prediction General and on Comparative Predictions for Gender and Race Particularly. " Journal of Educational Measurement, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 333-347.
- Fetters, W.B., Stowe, P.S. and Owings, J.A. 1984.
- Quality of Responses of High School
Students to Questionnaire Items. Washington, DC: National Center for Education
Statistics.
- Flint, T.A. 1992.
- "Parental and Planning Influences on the Formation of Student College Choice Sets." Research in Higher Education, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 689-708.
- Garet, M.S. and DeLaney, B. 1988.
- "Students, Courses, and Stratification." Sociology of
Education, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 61-77.
- Grandy, J. 1998.
- "Persistence in Science of High-Ability Minority Students." Journal of Higher Education, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 589-620.
- Haskins, L. and K. Jeffrey, 1990.
- Understanding Quantitative History. New York: McGraw Hill.
- Hauser, R.M. and Anderson, D.K. 1991.
- "Post-High School Plans and Aspirations of Black and White High School Seniors: 1976-86. " Sociology of Education, vol. 64, pp. 22-30.
- Hearn, J.C. 1984.
- "The Relative Roles of Academic, Ascribed, and Socioeconomic Characteristics in College Destination." Sociology of Education, vol. 57, pp. 22-30.
- Hearn, J.C. 1988.
- "Determinants of Postsecondary Attendance: Some Implications of Alternative Specifications of Enrollment. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 172-185.
- Hearn, J.C. 1991.
- "Academic and Non-Academic Influence on the College Destinations of 1980
High School Graduates." Sociology of Education, vol. 64, pp. 158-7 1.
- Heam, J.C. 1992.
- "Emerging Variations in Postsecondary Attendance Patterns: an Investigation of Part-time, Delayed, and Nondegree Enrollment. " Research in Higher Education, vol. 33, pp. 657-87.
- Horn, L. 1996.
- Nontraditional Undergraduates. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Horn, L. 1997.
- Confronting the Odds: Students at Risk and the Pipeline to Higher
Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Horn, L. 1998.
- Stopouts or Stayouts? Undergraduates Who Leave College in Their First Year. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Jackson, G.A. 1988.
- "Did College Choice Change During the 1970s?" Economics of
Education Review, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 15-27.
- Kanarek, E. A. 1989.
- Exploring the Murky World of Admissions Predictions. Paper presented at the 1989 National Forum of the Association for Institutional Research.
- Kanoy, K.W., Wester, J., and Latta, 1989.
- "Predicting College Success of Freshman Students
Using Traditional, Cognitive, and Psychological Measures. " Journal of Research and
Development in Education, vol. 22, pp. 65-70.
- Karen, D. 1991.
- "Politics of Class, Race, and Gender: Access to Higher Education in the United States, 1960-86." American Journal of Education, vol. 99, pp. 208-37.
- Kroc, R., Howard, R., Hull, P. and Woodard, D. 1997.
- Graduation Rates: Do Students' Academic Program Choices Make a Difference?
Paper presented at the 1997 National Forum of the Association for Institutional Research.
- Lang, M. 1992. "Barriers to Blacks' Educational Achievement in Higher Education: a Statistical and Conceptual Review. " Journal of Black Studies, vol. 22, pp. 510-22.
- Lee, V.E. and Frank, K.A. 1990. "Students' Characteristics That Facilitate the Transfer from Two-Year to Four-Year College. " Sociology of Education, vol. 63, pp. 178-93.
- Lee, V.E., Mackie-Lewis, C., and Marks, H.M. 1993. "Persistence to the Baccalaureate Degree for Students Who Transfer from Community College. " American Journal of Education, vol. 102, pp. 80-114.
Lewis, L. and E. Farris. 1997. - Remedial Education at Higher Education Institutions in
Fall 1995. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Madigan, T. 1997.
- Science Proficiency and Course Taking in High School.
Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Marchese, T. 1998. "Not-So-Distant Competitors." AAHE Bulletin, vol. 15, no. 9. pp. 3-7.
- Mare, R.D. 1980. "Social Background and School Continuation Decisions. " Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 75, pp. 295-305.
- McConnell-Castle, E. 1993. "Minority Student Attrition Research: Higher Education's Challenge for Human Resource Development. " Educational Researcher, vol. 22, pp. 24-30.
McCormick, A. C. 1997. - Transfer Behavior Among Beginning Postsecondary Students:
1989-94.
Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES 97-266).
- McCormick, A.C-. 1999.
- Credit Production and Progress Toward the Bachelor's Degree: an Analysis of Postsecondary Transcripts for Beginning Students at 4-Year Institutions.
Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Medrich, E. A., Brown, C.L. and Henke, R.R. 1992.
- Overview and Inventory of State Requirements for School Coursework and Attendance.
Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Menard, S. 1995.
- Applied Logistic Regression Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
- Monk, D.H. and Haller, E.J. 1993.
- "Predictors of High School Academic Course Offerings: the Role of School Size. " American Educational Research Journal, vol. 30, pp. 3-21.
- Morgan, S. L. 1996.
- "Trends in Black-White Differences in Educational Expectations: 1980-92. "Sociology of Education, vol. 69, pp. 308-319.
- Mow, S.L. and Nettles, M.T. 1990.
- "Minority Access to, and Persistence and Performance in College: a Review of the Trends and Research Literature." In J. C. Smart (ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of 7heory and Research (Vol. 6, pp. 105-135). New York: Agathon Press.
- National Center on the Educational Quality of the Workforce. 1998.
- "Understanding Employers' Perceptions of College Graduates." Change, vol 30., no. 3, pp. 47-50.
- Nora, A. 1987.
- "Determinants of Retention Among Chicano College Students: a Structural Model. " Research in Higher Education, vol. 26, pp. 31-59.
- Nora, A. and Rendon, L.I. 1990.
- "Determinants of Predisposition to Transfer Among Community College Students: a Structural Model. " Research in Higher Education, vol. 3 1, pp. 225-235.
- Nora, A., Attinasi, L.C. and Matonak, A. 1990.
- "Testing Qualitative Indicators of Precollege Factors in Tinto's Attrition Model: a Community College Student Population. "
Review of Higher Education, vol. 13, pp. 337-356.
- Orwell, G. 1954.
- "Politics and the English Language," in A Collection of Essays by George Orwell. New York: Doubleday & Co., pp. 162-176.
- Pallas, A.M. and Alexander, K.L. 1983.
- "Sex Differences in SAT Performance: New Evidence of the Differential Course Work Hypothesis. " American Educational Research
Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 165-182.
- Pascarella, E.T. and Terenzini, P.T. 1980.
- "Predicting Freshman Persistence and Voluntary
Dropout Decisions from a Theoretical Model. " Journal of Higher Education, vol.
51, pp. 60-75.
- Pascarella, E. T. and P. T. Terenzini. 1981.
- How College Affects Students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Pascarella, E.T., Terenzini, P.T. and Wolfle, L.M. 1986.
- "Orientation to College and Freshman Year Persistence/Withdrawal Decisions. " Journal of Higher Education, vol. 56, pp. 155-74.
- Pedhazur, E.J. 1982.
- Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research. New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston.d
- Pelavin, S.H. and M. Kane. 1990.
- Changing the Odds: Factors Increasing Access to
College.
New York City, NY: the College Board.
- Peng, S.S. 1977.
- Transfer Students Among Institutions of Higher Education.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- Rock, D.A., Hilton, T.L., Pollock, I., Ekstrom, R.B., and Goertz, M.E. 1985.
- Psychometric Analysis of the AES and the High School and Beyond Test Batteries. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Ronco, S. L. 1996.
- How Enrollment Ends: Analyzing the Correlates of Student Graduation,
Transfer and Dropout with a Competing Risks Model. AIR Professional File, No. 61.
Tallahassee, Fla.: Association for Institutional Research
- Rosenbaum, J.E. 1976.
- Making Inequality: the Hidden Curriculum of High School Tracking. New York City, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
- Rosenbaum, J.E. 1980.
- "Track Misperceptions and Frustrated College Plans." Sociology of Education, vol. 53, pp. 74-88.
- Schroeder, L.D., D. L. Sjoquist, and P.E. Stephan. 1986.
- Understanding Regression
Analysis. Newbury Park, Calif., Sage Publications.
- Sewell, W. H. and R. M. Hauser. 1975.
- Education, Occupation, and Earnings. New York:
Academic Press.
- Skinner, C.J., Holt, D. and Smith, T.M.F. (eds.) 1989.
- Analysis of Complex Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Smart, J. and Pascarella, E. 1987.
- "Influences on the Intent to Reenter Higher Education Journal of Higher Education, vol. 58, pp. 306-322.
- Smith, D.L. 1992.
- "Validity of Faculty Judgments of Student Performance: Relationship Between Grades and Credits Earned and External Criterion Measures." Journal of Higher Education, vol. 63, pp. 329-340.
- Snyder, T. 1987.
- Digest of Education Statistics, 1987. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
- Spade, J.Z., Columba, L. and Vanfossen, B.E. 1997. "Tracking in Mathematics and Science: Courses and Course-Selection Procedures," Sociology of Education, vol. 70, pp. 108-127.
- Spanard, J.A. 1990.
- "Beyond Intent: Reentering College to Complete the Degree." Review of Educational Research, vol. 60, pp. 309-44.
- St. John, E.P. 1991. "What Really Influences Minority Attendance? Sequential Analyses of the High School and Beyond Sophomore Cohort." Research in Higher Education, vol. 32, pp. 141-158.
- St. John, E.P. and Noell, J. 1989. "The Effects of Student Financial Aid on Access to Higher Education: an Analysis of Progress with Special Consideration of Minority Enrollment. " Research in Higher Education, vol. 30, no. 6., pp. 563-582.
- St. John, E.P. and Noell, J. 1990. "Price Response in Persistence Decisions: an Analysis of the High School and Beyond Senior Cohort." Research in Higher Education, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 387-403.
- St. John, E.P., Kirshstein, J.R., and Noell, J. 1991. "The Effects of Financial Aid on Persistence: a Sequential Analysis. " Review of Higher Education, vol .14., no. 3, pp. 383-406.
- Stampen, J. 0. and Cabrera, A. F. 1986. "Exploring the Effects of Student Aid on Attrition. Journal of Student Financial Aid, vol. 16, pp. 28-40.
- Tierney, W. G. 1992. "An Anthropological Analysis of Student Participation in College." Journal of Higher Education, vol. 63, pp. 603-17.
- Tinto, V. 1975.
- "Dropout from Higher Education: a Theoretical Synthesis of Recent
Research. " Review of Educational Research, vol. 45, >no. 1, pp. 89-125.
- Tinto, V. 1982. "Limits of Theory and Practice in Student Attrition. " Journal of Higher Education, vol. 53, pp. 687-700.
- Tinto, V. 1993.
- Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition (2
nd ed.). Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
- Tracey, T.J. and Sedlacek, W.E. 1987. "Prediction of College Graduation Using Noncognitive Variables by Race. " Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, vol. 16, pp. 171-178.
- Tuma., J., Gifford, A., Hom, L., and Hoachlander, E.g. 1989.
- Enrollment Trends in .4cademic Education in American Public High Schools, 1969 to 1987. Berkeley, CA: MPR
Associates.
- Velez, W. 1985.
- "Finishing College: the Effects of College Type. " Sociology of Education, vol. 58, pp. 191-200.
- Waite, L.J. and Moore, K.A. 1978.
- "The Impact of Early First Birth on Young Women's Educational Attainment. " Social Forces, vol. 56, pp. 845-865.
- Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education and the College Board. 1998.
- Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates by State and Race/Ethnicity, 1996-2012. Boulder, CO and New York: Authors.
-###-
Notes
Appendix A: Technical Notes and Guidance