1998 CFR Title 14, Volume 1

Title 14--Aeronautics and Space CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PART 27--AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT
	27.1	Applicability.
	27.2	Special retroactive requirements.
	27.21	Proof of compliance.
	27.25	Weight limits.
	27.27	Center of gravity limits.
	27.29	Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity.
	27.31	Removable ballast.
	27.33	Main rotor speed and pitch limits.
	27.45	General.
	27.51	Takeoff.
	27.65	Climb: all engines operating.
	27.67	Climb: one engine inoperative.
	27.71	Glide performance.
	27.73	Performance at minimum operating speed.
	27.75	Landing.
	27.79	Limiting height--speed envelope.
	27.141	General.
	27.143	Controllability and maneuverability.
	27.151	Flight controls.
	27.161	Trim control.
	27.171	Stability: general.
	27.173	Static longitudinal stability.
	27.175	Demonstration of static longitudinal stability.
	27.177	Static directional stability.
	27.231	General.
	27.235	Taxiing condition.
	27.239	Spray characteristics.
	27.241	Ground resonance.
	27.251	Vibration.
	27.301	Loads.
	27.303	Factor of safety.
	27.305	Strength and deformation.
	27.307	Proof of structure.
	27.309	Design limitations.
	27.321	General.
	27.337	Limit maneuvering load factor.
	27.339	Resultant limit maneuvering loads.
	27.341	Gust loads.
	27.351	Yawing conditions.
	27.361	Engine torque.
	27.391	General.
	27.395	Control system.
	27.397	Limit pilot forces and torques.
	27.399	Dual control system.
	27.411	Ground clearance: tail rotor guard.
	27.427	Unsymmetrical loads.
	27.471	General.
	27.473	Ground loading conditions and assumptions.
	27.475	Tires and shock absorbers.
	27.477	Landing gear arrangement.
	27.479	Level landing conditions.
	27.481	Tail-down landing conditions.
	27.483	One-wheel landing conditions.
	27.485	Lateral drift landing conditions.
	27.493	Braked roll conditions.
	27.497	Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels.
	27.501	Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids.
	27.505	Ski landing conditions.
	27.521	Float landing conditions.
	27.547	Main rotor structure.
	27.549	Fuselage, landing gear, and rotor pylon structures.
	27.561	General.
	27.562	Emergency landing dynamic conditions.
	27.563	Structural ditching provisions.
	27.571	Fatigue evaluation of flight structure.
	27.601	Design.
	27.603	Materials.
	27.605	Fabrication methods.
	27.607	Fasteners.
	27.609	Protection of structure.
	27.610	Lightning protection.
	27.611	Inspection provisions.
	27.613	Material strength properties and design values.
	27.619	Special factors.
	27.621	Casting factors.
	27.623	Bearing factors.
	27.625	Fitting factors.
	27.629	Flutter.
	27.653	Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades.
	27.659	Mass balance.
	27.661	Rotor blade clearance.
	27.663	Ground resonance prevention means.
	27.671	General.
	27.672	Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated systems.
	27.673	Primary flight control.
	27.674	Interconnected controls.
	27.675	Stops.
	27.679	Control system locks.
	27.681	Limit load static tests.
	27.683	Operation tests.
	27.685	Control system details.
	27.687	Spring devices.
	27.691	Autorotation control mechanism.
	27.695	Power boost and power-operated control system.
	27.723	Shock absorption tests.
	27.725	Limit drop test.
	27.727	Reserve energy absorption drop test.
	27.729	Retracting mechanism.
	27.731	Wheels.
	27.733	Tires.
	27.735	Brakes.
	27.737	Skis.
	27.751	Main float buoyancy.
	27.753	Main float design.
	27.755	Hulls.
	27.771	Pilot compartment.
	27.773	Pilot compartment view.
	27.775	Windshields and windows.
	27.777	Cockpit controls.
	27.779	Motion and effect of cockpit controls.
	27.783	Doors.
	27.785	Seats, berths, safety belts, and harnesses.
	27.787	Cargo and baggage compartments.
	27.801	Ditching.
	27.807	Emergency exits.
	27.831	Ventilation.
	27.833	Heaters.
	27.853	Compartment interiors.
	27.855	Cargo and baggage compartments.
	27.859	Heating systems.
	27.861	Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts.
	27.863	Flammable fluid fire protection.
	27.865	External load attaching means.
	27.871	Leveling marks.
	27.873	Ballast provisions.
	27.901	Installation.
	27.903	Engines.
	27.907	Engine vibration.
	27.917	Design.
	27.921	Rotor brake.
	27.923	Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests.
	27.927	Additional tests.
	27.931	Shafting critical speed.
	27.935	Shafting joints.
	27.939	Turbine engine operating characteristics.
	27.951	General.
	27.952	Fuel system crash resistance.
	27.953	Fuel system independence.
	27.954	Fuel system lightning protection.
	27.955	Fuel flow.
	27.959	Unusable fuel supply.
	27.961	Fuel system hot weather operation.
	27.963	Fuel tanks: general.
	27.965	Fuel tank tests.
	27.967	Fuel tank installation.
	27.969	Fuel tank expansion space.
	27.971	Fuel tank sump.
	27.973	Fuel tank filler connection.
	27.975	Fuel tank vents.
	27.977	Fuel tank outlet.
	27.991	Fuel pumps.
	27.993	Fuel system lines and fittings.
	27.995	Fuel valves.
	27.997	Fuel strainer or filter.
	27.999	Fuel system drains.
	27.1011	Engines: General.
	27.1013	Oil tanks.
	27.1015	Oil tank tests.
	27.1017	Oil lines and fittings.
	27.1019	Oil strainer or filter.
	27.1021	Oil system drains.
	27.1027	Transmissions and gearboxes: General.
	27.1041	General.
	27.1043	Cooling tests.
	27.1045	Cooling test procedures.
	27.1091	Air induction.
	27.1093	Induction system icing protection.
	27.1121	General.
	27.1123	Exhaust piping.
	27.1141	Powerplant controls: general.
	27.1143	Engine controls.
	27.1145	Ignition switches.
	27.1147	Mixture controls.
	27.1151	Rotor brake controls.
	27.1163	Powerplant accessories.
	27.1183	Lines, fittings, and components.
	27.1185	Flammable fluids.
	27.1187	Ventilation.
	27.1189	Shutoff means.
	27.1191	Firewalls.
	27.1193	Cowling and engine compartment covering.
	27.1194	Other surfaces.
	27.1195	Fire detector systems.
	27.1301	Function and installation.
	27.1303	Flight and navigation instruments.
	27.1305	Powerplant instruments.
	27.1307	Miscellaneous equipment.
	27.1309	Equipment, systems, and installations.
	27.1321	Arrangement and visibility.
	27.1322	Warning, caution, and advisory lights.
	27.1323	Airspeed indicating system.
	27.1325	Static pressure systems.
	27.1327	Magnetic direction indicator.
	27.1329	Automatic pilot system.
	27.1335	Flight director systems.
	27.1337	Powerplant instruments.
	27.1351	General.
	27.1353	Storage battery design and installation.
	27.1357	Circuit protective devices.
	27.1361	Master switch.
	27.1365	Electric cables.
	27.1367	Switches.
	27.1381	Instrument lights.
	27.1383	Landing lights.
	27.1385	Position light system installation.
	27.1387	Position light system dihedral angles.
	27.1389	Position light distribution and intensities.
	27.1391	Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.
	27.1393	Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights.
	27.1395	Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights.
	27.1397	Color specifications.
	27.1399	Riding light.
	27.1401	Anticollision light system.
	27.1411	General.
	27.1413	Safety belts.
	27.1415	Ditching equipment.
	27.1419	Ice protection.
	27.1435	Hydraulic systems.
	27.1457	Cockpit voice recorders.
	27.1459	Flight recorders.
	27.1461	Equipment containing high energy rotors.
	27.1501	General.
	27.1503	Airspeed limitations: general.
	27.1505	Never-exceed speed.
	27.1509	Rotor speed.
	27.1519	Weight and center of gravity.
	27.1521	Powerplant limitations.
	27.1523	Minimum flight crew.
	27.1525	Kinds of operations.
	27.1527	Maximum operating altitude.
	27.1529	Instructions for Continued Airworthiness.
	27.1541	General.
	27.1543	Instrument markings: general.
	27.1545	Airspeed indicator.
	27.1547	Magnetic direction indicator.
	27.1549	Powerplant instruments.
	27.1551	Oil quantity indicator.
	27.1553	Fuel quantity indicator.
	27.1555	Control markings.
	27.1557	Miscellaneous markings and placards.
	27.1559	Limitations placard.
	27.1561	Safety equipment.
	27.1565	Tail rotor.
	27.1581	General.
	27.1583	Operating limitations.
	27.1585	Operating procedures.
	27.1587	Performance information.
	27.1589	Loading information.