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A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) I A 1 a (1)(a) i) a)@@BQck QuoteSingle spaced indented quote - Circv C   (  Cd  ( ( ( FTNFormats for each footnote,  X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: courts are barred from intervening in state apportion J ment in the absence of a violation of federal law.  J Voinovich v. Quilter, 507 U.S. 146, 156 (1993) (emphasis added). As Chief Judge Tjoflat's concurrence below correctly stated, to enter the judgment in question, the court must find that District 21 is unconstitutional. 920 F.Supp., at 1256!1257. I would adhere to that principle.  Finally, I find no merit in the Court's apparent  J suggestion, ante, at 11, that appellant has no standing to complain of this defect. A judicial decree entered without jurisdiction has mooted his suit. Surely that is enough to sustain his appeal.  9H1 d d7II؃  r2  The District Court's failure to find the preexisting District 21 unconstitutional is alone enough to require reversal of the judgment. But the District Court committed a second error, in failing to give the Florida Legislature the opportunity to redraw the district before imposing a courtordered solution. We have repeatedly emphasized that federal interference with state districting represents a serious intrusion on the most vital of  Jd local functions, Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. ___, ___ (1995) (slip op., at 14), and that reapportionment[, which] is primarily the duty and responsibility of the  J State, Chapman v. Meier, 420 U.S. 1, 27 (1975),  i! `is primarily a matter for legislative consideration and"    J determination.' [! Connor v. Finch, supra, at 414 (quoting  J Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533, 586 (1964)).   `[J]udicial relief becomes appropriate,' @  we have said,  Y `only when a legislature fails to reapportion according to federal constitutional requisites in a timely fashion after  J8 having had an adequate opportunity to do so.' o  White  J v. Weiser, supra, at 794!795 (quoting Reynolds, supra, at  J 586). See also Growe v. Emison, 507 U.S. 25, 33!34  J (1993); Upham v. Seamon, 456 U.S. 37, 41!42 (1982);  J McDaniel v. Sanchez, 452 U.S. 130, 142 (1981); Wise v.  Jp Lipscomb, 437 U.S. 535, 540 (1978) (opinion of White, J.). The District Court's failure to give Florida a reasonable opportunity to craft its own solution after a judicial finding that the current districting was unconstitutional"or even (since here such a finding was never made) after the judicial finding that a constitutional claim is fairly litigable"was most assuredly error.  The District Court repeatedly referred to Plan 386 as a legislative solution, 920 F.Supp., at 1255, and the concurrence described it as a plan that the Florida  J legislature has proposed, id., at 1257. But judicial characterization does not overcome reality. The fact that the Speaker of Florida's House of Representatives and the President of Florida's Senate participated in the negotiations and consented to the settlement does not magically convert Plan 386 into a Florida law. The opportunity to apportion that our case law requires thestate legislature to be afforded is an opportunity to apportion through normal legislative processes, not through courthouse negotiations attended by one member of each House, followed by a court decree.  Appellees contend that the District Court actually offered the legislature the opportunity to redistrict, but that the legislature declined. This contention is based upon the fact that the representatives of the Florida Legislature informed the District Court, prior to any proceedings on the merits, that the legislature would3"   likely not sua sponte redraw the districts in response to Miller v. Johnson, supra, and on the status reports filed by the Florida Senate, see ante, at 10, n.5. But the requisite opportunity that our cases describe is an opportunity to redraw districts after the extant districts have been ruled unconstitutional"not after a Supreme Court case has been announced which may or may not ultimately lead to a ruling that the extant districts areunconstitutional. See e.g., Growe, supra, at 34; McDaniel, supra, at 142; Reynolds, supra, at 585!586. The State is under no obligation to redistrict unless and until a determination has been made that there has been a violation of federal law.  3 Stars 3*** eR 3 Stars Because the District Court lacked the authority to mandate redistricting without first having found a constitutional violation; and because the District Court failed to give the State an opportunity to redistrict on its own after notice of the constitutional violation (or even after notice of the court's intention to proceed with its own plan), I would reverse the judgment of the District Court and remand for further proceedings. Given my conclusion on appellant's first two challenges to the District Court's judgment, I have no occasion to consider the constitutionality of the courtdrawn district, Plan 386.  I respectfully dissent.