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A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) I A 1 a (1)(a) i) a)@@BQck QuoteSingle spaced indented quote - Circv C   (  Cd  ( ( ( FTNFormats for each footnote,  X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:! `flood' of less important cases and  )! `unlimited and unpredictable  J liability'  !  is overblown. See ante, at 17. The employee's injury in the claim at stake is the economic  J` burden additional medical surveillance entails, see su J8 pra, at 7!8; if an employer provides all that a reasonable physician would recommend for the exposed employee, the employee would incur no costs and hence have no claim for compensation. Nor does the FELA claim Buckley states pave the way for tens of millions  Jp of individuals with similar claims. See ante, at 17. It is doubtful that many legions in the universe of individuals ever exposed to toxic material could demonstrate that their employers negligently exposed them to a known hazardous substance, and thereby substantially increased the risk that they would suffer debilitating  J ordeadly disease.n  uB  ԍ FTN    XFrXFr ddf < If liability under the common law is to extend further, see ante, at 17, that is a matter for the States to decide. Withholding relief, moreover, is dangerous, for lives will be lost when grave disease isdiagnosed too late.  ;H2 d d-C؃  D2  The Court emphasizes most heavily that several courts, while authorizing recovery for medical monitoring, have imposed or suggested special limitations on  J the tort remedy. See ante, at 15!16. In lieu of lumpsum damages, the Court indicates, a courtsupervised  J fund might be the better remedy. See ibid.; see also  J Potter, 6 Cal.4th, at 1006!1010, and n.28, 863 P.2d, at 821!825, and n.28 (recognizing claim and affirming award for medical monitoring; suggesting in footnote  J creation of courtsupervised fund); Hansen, 858 P.2d, at #"   979!982 (reversing grant of summary judgment and recognizing claim for medical monitoring; suggesting  J creation of courtsupervised fund); Ayers, 106 N.J., at 607!611, 525 A.2d, at 313!315 (affirming damages award for medical monitoring; suggesting creation of  J8 courtsupervised fund in future cases); Burns, 156 Ariz., at 380!381, 752 P.2d, at 33!34 (recognizing claim for medical monitoring; holding plaintiffs entitled to award from courtsupervised fund).  It is scarcely surprising that the Second Circuit did not consider relief through a courtsupervised fund. So far as the record before us shows, no party argued in the District Court, the Second Circuit, or even this Court, that medical monitoring expenses may be recoverable, but not through a lump sum, only through a court fund. The question aired below was the prime one the Court obscures: Does Buckley's medical monitoring claim warrant any relief?  Buckley sought an `amount of money' sufficient to `compensate'  ! him  ! for  ! `future  ! medical  ! monitoring  ! ex J penses.'  !  See ante, at 14. He was not more precise about  g the   form  w relief  n should   take.   The   Court   infers   from Buckley's proposed charges to the jury, however, that he wanted what tort law ordinarily permits"damages in  J@ a lump sum. See ibid. I believe his claim qualifies for that relief. If the Court deems what tort law ordinarily permits inappropriate, however, the Court should at least say, for the guidance of lower courts, Yes,  J ԚBuckley has a claim for relief. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(c) directs a court to grant the relief to which a prevailing party is entitled, even if the party did not demand such relief in its pleadings. Rule 54(c) thus instructs district courts to compensate the parties or remedy the situation without regard to the constraints of the antiquated and rigid forms of action. 10 C. Wright, A. Miller, & M. Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure 2662, pp. 133!134 (2d ed. 1983). Under` "   the Federal Rules, a party should experience little difficulty in securing a remedy other than that demanded in his pleadings when he shows he is entitled to it.  J Id., at 135; see also id., 2664, at 163 (Rule 54(c) has been utilized when the court awards a different type of  J8 relief from that demanded in the complaint); cf. Holt  J Civic Club v. Tuscaloosa, 439 U.S. 60, 65!66 (1978) ( afederal court should not dismiss a meritorious constitutional claim because the complaint seeks one remedy rather than another plainly appropriate one; citing Rule 54(c)).  '* * *  The Court today reverses the Second Circuit's determination that Buckley has stated a claim for relief, but remands the case for further proceedings. If I comprehend the Court's enigmatic decision correctly, Buckley may replead a claim for relief and recover for medical monitoring, but he must receive that relief in a form other than a lump sum. Unaccountably, the Court resists the straightforward statement that would enlighten courts in this and similar cases: A claim for medical monitoring is cognizable under the FELA; it is a claim entirely in step with  ! `evolving common law.' !   Jh See ante, at 15 (citing Gottshall, 512 U.S., at 558  J@ (Souter, J., concurring)). I therefore dissent from the Court's judgment to the extent it relates to medical monitoring.